Surgical Mortality in Infective Endocarditis: Is There a Gender Paradox?

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a global pandemic. Although mortality due to CVD has been decreasing with improvement in diagnosis and treatment, it remains the most frequent cause of death worldwide both in men and women.

Gender impacts several key aspects in CVD, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, response to treatment and prognosis, in areas like coronary artery disease and heart failure. However, few studies analyzed the influence of gender in infectious endocarditis (IE) management and outcomes. ^,

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