Oral anticoagulation (OAC) with warfarin is still widely used in various clinical situations, such as in metallic prostheses. However, managing warfarin presents well-known challenges, including its narrow therapeutic range, long half-life, frequent drug and food interactions, and genetic variations. Additionally, poor adherence to treatment and lack of awareness about atrial fibrillation (AF) and anticoagulation itself significantly contribute to unfavorable clinical outcomes. Even with the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), there are still peculiarities among the different therapeutic options, which are often poorly communicated to the patient. This compromises the necessary understanding for effective disease management and highlights gaps in patient knowledge.

Social determinants of health play a fundamental role in individuals’ health conditions. Factors such as race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education level, environment, and climate, among others, have a direct impact on the incidence and management of chronic diseases, such as AF. Several studies indicate that people in situations of socioeconomic vulnerability — including low income, low education levels, and unemployment — show a higher prevalence of AF.^–

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