The Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) was the first congenital heart disease to be treated surgically in 1938 and recently returned to the spotlight of the pediatric cardiology scenario due to the possibility of percutaneous treatment in a very vulnerable population, premature newborns and with low weight. In fact, the topic Arterial Canal and prematurity never went off the radar of Neonatologists and Pediatric Cardiologists, because treatment has always been a challenge and numerous randomized studies have been done to answer questions about the best way to treat and the impact on survival.

Prematurity is one of the world’s greatest public health challenges and has increased incidence worldwide. Recent data show that the incidence of prematurity worldwide was 10.6 per 100 live births. Unfortunately, Brazil is among the 10 countries with the highest incidence of premature births (11.2 per 100 births).

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