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  2. Keyword: Drug Combinations
Protocol for a Structured, Health Policy and Systems–Oriented Scoping Review of Determinants of Single-Pill Combination Availability in Sub-Saharan Africa
IJCS
Original Article

Protocol for a Structured, Health Policy and Systems–Oriented Scoping Review of Determinants of Single-Pill Combination Availability in Sub-Saharan Africa

Milena Soriano Marcolino et al. Michelle Ralil da Costa Isabella Viana Gomes Schettini Mayank Dalakoti … Hueiming Liu Mundih Noelar Njohjam

Abstract

Background:

Although international guidelines recommend single-pill combinations (SPCs) as first-line therapy for hypertension, their availability and use remain limited. Evidence on access to essential medicines is largely not specific to SPCs, and the determinants influencing their availability are dispersed across heterogeneous sources that are not well captured by traditional systematic review approaches.

Objective:

To describe the protocol for a structured, health policy and systems–oriented scoping review designed to map and synthesize the determinants of availability of antihypertensive SPCs in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and to propose a transferable methodological framework applicable to other essential medicines and health system contexts.

Methods:

A comprehensive scoping review of peer-reviewed literature, grey literature, and policy documents will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Searches will be performed across bibliographic databases, government repositories, and relevant non governmental organization (NGO) sources. Eligible sources will include empirical studies, policy analyses, and institutional reports addressing SPC availability. Two independent reviewers will screen studies and extract data. Evidence will be synthesized narratively and mapped to the World Health Organization (WHO) Health System Building Blocks and the Bigdeli access-to-medicines framework.

Expected results:

The review will generate a structured mapping of regulatory, economic, health system, and sociocultural determinants influencing SPC availability in SSA and will identify key barriers, facilitators, and policy gaps relevant to hypertension management.

Conclusions:

This protocol outlines a replicable methodological approach for synthesizing heterogeneous evidence on access to essential medicines. The framework may be adapted to other therapeutic areas and low- and middle-income contexts, potentially supporting more informed policy and implementation decisions to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

  • Africa South of the Sahara
  • Drug Combinations
  • Hypertension
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Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) Creative Commons license
03/08/2026 DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20250286 Views 2
ABC
Editorial

Regarding Hypertension Treatment are we following Worldwide Tendencies?

Paulo César B. Veiga Jardim

Between July 2012 and March 2014, the Department of Arterial Hypertension of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology prepared and published four documents addressing some specific aspects on hypertension care–. Similarly, between July 2013 and January 2014, major international institutions also produced documents updating their guidelines regarding hypertension–. Some of the Brazilian documents were published before the international ones, while others were published concurrently.

The first Brazilian document, published in 2012, addressed resistant arterial hypertension, and extensive review of the subject was performed based on evidence available at the time. In addition to definition, care with diagnosis and possible causes, there was a concern regarding that most cases are, in fact, pseudo-resistant cases, mainly caused by lack of adherence, while highlighting the importance of possible secondary hypertension. The document finally proposed treatment that included the classic and known – but almost always overlooked – nonpharmacological treatment and an objective indication of pharmacological treatment, which takes into account the use of full doses of drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (ACEI or ARB), of a calcium channel antagonist and long-acting, of a thiazide diuretic and, as a fourth drug, proposed the use of spironolactone. The following was the indication of a beta-blocker with vasodilating action or a drug with central action.

[…]

  • Antihypertensive drugs /diagnostic use
  • Drug Combinations
  • Hypertension/trends
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Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) Creative Commons license
01/07/2014 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20140111 Views 1

How to cite this article

EndNote RIS

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Marcolino MS, Costa MR, Schettini IVG, Dalakoti M, Liu H, Njohjam MN. Protocol for a Structured, Health Policy and Systems–Oriented Scoping Review of Determinants of Single-Pill Combination Availability in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences 2026;39:e20250286.

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Marcolino, Milena Soriano; Costa, Michelle Ralil da; Schettini, Isabella Viana Gomes; Dalakoti, Mayank; Liu, Hueiming; Njohjam, Mundih Noelar. Protocol for a Structured, Health Policy and Systems–Oriented Scoping Review of Determinants of Single-Pill Combination Availability in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, v. 39, e20250286, Aug. 2026.

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Marcolino, M. S., Costa, M. R. , Schettini, I. V. G., Dalakoti, M., Liu, H., & Njohjam, M. N. (2026). Protocol for a Structured, Health Policy and Systems–Oriented Scoping Review of Determinants of Single-Pill Combination Availability in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, 39, e20250286.

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Marcolino, Milena Soriano and Costa, Michelle Ralil da and Schettini, Isabella Viana Gomes and Dalakoti, Mayank and Liu, Hueiming and Njohjam, Mundih Noelar. Protocol for a Structured, Health Policy and Systems–Oriented Scoping Review of Determinants of Single-Pill Combination Availability in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences [online]. 2026, vol. 39, [cited 2026-10-14], e20250286. Available from: <https://journals.cardiol.br/en/article/protocol-for-a-structured-health-policy-and-systems-oriented-scoping-review-of-determinants-of-single-pill-combination-availability-in-sub-saharan-africa/>. ISSN 2359-4802

EndNote RIS

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Jardim PCBV. Regarding Hypertension Treatment are we following Worldwide Tendencies?. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2014;103(1):01-3.

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Jardim, Paulo César B. Veiga. Regarding Hypertension Treatment are we following Worldwide Tendencies?. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, v. 103, n. 1, p. 01-03, Jun. 2014.

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Jardim, P. C. B. V. (2014). Regarding Hypertension Treatment are we following Worldwide Tendencies?. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 103(1), 01-03.

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Jardim, Paulo César B. Veiga. Regarding Hypertension Treatment are we following Worldwide Tendencies?. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia [online]. 2014, vol. 103, n. 1, [cited 2026-10-14], pp. 01-03. Available from: <https://journals.cardiol.br/en/article/regarding-hypertension-treatment-are-we-following-worldwide-tendencies/>. ISSN 0066-782X

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