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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2764-3107</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20260008i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Original Article</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>The Value of NT-ProBNP in Predicting Cardiovascular Events in Patients Hospitalized for Decompensated Heart Failure</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4404-5350</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Siqueira</surname>
						<given-names>Rafael Felipe Coelho</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1194-8246</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Viana</surname>
						<given-names>Tainá Teixeira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<role>Statistical analysis</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-6454-3535</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barroso</surname>
						<given-names>Natália Duarte</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-1662-9767</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Coutinho</surname>
						<given-names>Nina Vieira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-4821-3728</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Martins</surname>
						<given-names>Luiz Paulo Oliveira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-7837-1802</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Gonçalves</surname>
						<given-names>João Pedro Fernandes</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-5496-973X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Almeida</surname>
						<given-names>Pedro Vogel</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-2162-0845</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rocha</surname>
						<given-names>Djaine Haila Silva</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-6067-1324</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barros</surname>
						<given-names>Raisa Mainarte Franco</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3927-778X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Melo</surname>
						<given-names>Rodrigo Morel Vieira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<role>Statistical analysis</role>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>2</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital São Rafael</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Rafael Felipe Coelho Siqueira</bold> • Universidade Federal da Bahia - Curso de Medicina - Largo Terreiro de Jesus, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>40026-010</postal-code>, Pelourinho, Salvador, BA – Brazil E-mail: <email>rafa.felipe2001@hotmail.com</email>, <email>rafaelcoelho@ufba.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p>Humberto Villacorta</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>08</day>
				<month>07</month>
				<year>2026</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2026</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>6</volume>
			<elocation-id>e20260008</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>05</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2026</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>28</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2026</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>17</day>
					<month>04</month>
					<year>2026</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Background:</title>
					<p>Serum levels of natriuretic peptides at hospital admission and discharge, as well as their percentage reduction (delta NT-proBNP), have been associated with cardiovascular outcomes in decompensated heart failure.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Objective:</title>
					<p>To evaluate the prognostic accuracy of NT-proBNP parameters and determine the usefulness of in-hospital percentage reduction targets.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Methods:</title>
					<p>This was a retrospective cohort study including patients ≥18 years old admitted to a heart failure protocol between January 2022 and December 2023 at a tertiary hospital. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality and readmission for heart failure within 6 months.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Results:</title>
					<p>Two hundred and three patients were included (mean age 78.5 ± 14.4 years; 51.7% women). The outcome occurred in 67 (33.0%) within 6 months. The NT-proBNP at discharge showed the best accuracy (AUC 0.647; 95% CI 0.559–0.735; p=0.002). In multivariate analysis, only the NT-proBNP at discharge remained an independent predictor (p&lt;0.05), outperforming continuous variation (delta). Regarding therapeutic goals, a reduction of ≥ 50% was associated with a lower risk of events (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.36–0.99; p=0.048), while a reduction of ≥ 30% showed no association (p=0.184).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusion:</title>
					<p>NT-proBNP at discharge was the best independent predictor of outcomes at 6 months. Additionally, achieving an in-hospital reduction of ≥ 50% was associated with better prognosis, suggesting its usefulness as a therapeutic target.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords:</title>
				<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
				<kwd>Brain Natriuretic Peptide</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
				<kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
			</funding-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="10"/>
				<table-count count="2"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="24"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>
					<fig id="f1">
						<label>Central Illustration:</label>
						<caption>
							<title>The Value of NT-ProBNP in Predicting Cardiovascular Events in Patients Hospitalized for Decompensated Heart Failure</title>
							<p>Schematic summary of the prognostic value of NT-proBNP in decompensated heart failure. The panel highlights the serum level at hospital discharge as the most accurate independent marker for predicting death or readmission within 6 months. The illustration also details that achieving an in-hospital reduction of 50% or more is associated with a significantly lower risk of events, a benefit not observed for a 30% reduction.</p>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-6-e20260008-gf01.tif"/>
					</fig>
		</p>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Heart failure (HF) is a highly prevalent condition globally, affecting more than 55 million individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Its incidence increases progressively with age, ranging from approximately 1% in the 55-64 age group to about 18% in individuals over 85 years of age.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Despite therapeutic advances, HF remains a leading cause of hospital admissions and significant morbidity and mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> High hospital readmission rates have driven research into cardiac biomarkers capable of guiding in-hospital therapy, aiming to optimize disease compensation, reduce length of stay, and prevent readmissions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>In this context, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the N-terminal fragment of its precursor proBNP (NT-proBNP) stand out as cardiac biomarkers. Primarily produced by the left ventricle in response to hemodynamic stress, such as dilation and increased ventricular filling pressures,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> they are widely used in the management of HF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Previous studies in patients with chronic HF have demonstrated an association between reduced levels of natriuretic peptides and decreased rehospitalization rates.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The levels of these biomarkers, measured at hospital admission and discharge, are consistently associated with prognosis and serve as strong predictors of mortality and readmission.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Despite this, the literature still presents divergences regarding the ideal parameter: there remains uncertainty about which value (absolute or delta) should be prioritized for risk stratification and what percentage reduction target for hospital discharge should be sought to optimize the outcome. This uncertainty is aggravated by the fact that the role of using serial dosing to guide therapeutic titration is, in itself, not yet established.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Given this knowledge gap, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of three parameters —NT-proBNP levels at hospital admission, at hospital discharge, or the percentage reduction between these two points — as predictors of major cardiovascular events in patients hospitalized for decompensated HF, with a 6-month follow-up. As a secondary objective, it sought to determine whether achieving different thresholds of percentage reduction between admission and discharge is associated with a reduction in events at 6 months, thus evaluating the potential of these parameters as a therapeutic target.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="methods">
			<title>Methods</title>
			<p>This is a retrospective, single-center cohort study conducted at a private, tertiary hospital in the city of Salvador, Brazil, between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023.</p>
			<p>Patients aged 18 years or older, hospitalized for decompensated HF, were included. Eligibility was based on the institution's HF protocol, which incorporates the Boston Criteria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> In this context, a score lower than 4 points indicates ineligibility, a score between 8 and 12 confers direct insertion, and a score between 5 and 7 requires NT-proBNP measurement for confirmation of the condition. Individuals with NT-proBNP &lt; 125 pg/mL, the cutoff point established by the institutional protocol, were excluded.</p>
			<p>The exclusion criteria were: patients admitted under other institutional protocols (such as acute coronary syndrome and tachyarrhythmias); those without a record of NT-proBNP within 72 hours of admission or before hospital discharge; and patients who requested discharge at their own request or were transferred to other units. Laboratory NT-proBNP values were measured using the ELFA technique (fluorescence immunoassay). The variation between NT-proBNP levels at admission and discharge was calculated. Patient follow-up was conducted by telephone contact, or, in case of readmission, data were collected directly by the healthcare professional.</p>
			<p>Additionally, the patients’ clinical profile was evaluated according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, and their hemodynamic profile in acute HF was assessed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Echocardiographic variables, including left ventricular ejection fraction, and supplementary demographic data were collected from electronic medical records.</p>
			<p>The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and hospital readmission for HF, assessed at 6 months.</p>
			<sec>
				<title>Statistical analysis</title>
				<p>Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, and comparisons were performed using the Chi-square test. The normality of the distribution of continuous variables was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Those with a normal distribution were described by means and standard deviations and compared using the Student's t-test. Variables with non-parametric distributions were presented as medians and interquartile ranges and compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve.</p>
				<p>NT-proBNP values were logarithmically transformed into Cox models. The association between biologically plausible variables and the outcome was assessed by univariate Cox regression, selecting those with a p-value &lt;0.05 for the multivariate model. The multivariate Cox model was adjusted for age, sex, hemodynamic profile, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Categorical NT-proBNP reduction target variables (≥30% and ≥50%) were evaluated in separate models to determine the association with the primary outcome. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistical Package, version 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY).</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Ethical considerations</title>
				<p>In accordance with resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council, this study was approved by the local research ethics committee, with informed consent waived due to the retrospective design, and all procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results">
			<title>Results</title>
			<p>A total of 203 patients were included, with a mean age of 78.5 (± 14.4) years, predominantly female, with 105 (51.7%). Of the total, 107 (52.7%) had reduced ejection fraction, and 196 (96.6%) exhibited a type B hemodynamic profile at hospital admission. The main causes of decompensation were infection in 80 (39.4%) and inappropriate medication use in 24 (11.8%), with 56 (27.6%) having been hospitalized for HF in the previous 12 months. Baseline characteristics are detailed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>. The median NT-proBNP levels were 4940 pg/mL (IQR: 2260–12000 pg/mL) at admission and 2360 pg/mL (IQR: 1010–4490 pg/mL) at discharge (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>). The primary outcome occurred in 67 (33.0%) patients, with 17 (8.4%) deaths and 50 (24.6%) readmissions within 6 months.</p>
			<table-wrap id="t1">
				<label>Table 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Demographic data</title>
				</caption>
				<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
					<colgroup width="49%">
						<col width="1%"/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
					</colgroup>
					<thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
						<tr style="background-color:#C58874">
							<th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"/>
							<th align="center" valign="middle">Total (n=203)</th>
						</tr>
					</thead>
					<tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
						<tr>
							<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"><bold>Age (mean ± standard deviation), years</bold></td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">78.5 (± 14.4)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
							<td align="left" colspan="3" valign="middle"><bold>Sex, n (%)</bold></td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Feminine</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">105 (51.7%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td align="left" colspan="3" valign="middle"><bold>Comorbidities, n (%)</bold></td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Systemic Arterial Hypertension</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">173 (85.2%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Atrial Fibrillation</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">95 (46.8%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Coronary Artery Disease</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">87 (42.9%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes Mellitus</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">74 (36.5%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Chronic Kidney Disease</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">67 (33.0%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Smoking</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">26 (12.8%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
							<td align="left" colspan="3" valign="middle"><bold>Reason for Decompensation, n (%)</bold></td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Infection</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">80 (39.4%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Inappropriate Use of Medication</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">24 (11.8%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Acute Coronary Syndrome</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">16 (7.9%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Dietary transgression</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">9 (4.4%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle">Arrhythmia</td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">21 (10.3%)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle"><bold>Length of hospital stay, in days</bold></td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">8 (5 – 14.5)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
							<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
							<td align="left" valign="middle"><bold>Previous Hospitalization (last 12 months), n (%)</bold></td>
							<td align="center" valign="middle">56 (27.6%)</td>
						</tr>
					</tbody>
				</table>
			</table-wrap>
			<fig id="f2">
				<label>Figure 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Distribution of serum NT-proBNP levels at hospital admission and discharge. Absolute values were subjected to logarithmic transformation to attenuate the skewness of the distribution. The horizontal line inside the boxes represents the sample median, the upper and lower limits of the box indicate the interquartile range, and the rods show the minimum and maximum values of the sample.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-6-e20260008-gf02.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<p>In predicting the combined outcome at 6 months, the NT-proBNP at discharge had an area under the curve of 0.647 (CI: 0.559–0.735; p=0.002), compared to 0.556 (CI: 0.464–0.649; p=0.235) at admission and 0.603 (CI: 0.513–0.693; p=0.300) for the delta NT-proBNP (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 2</xref>). The point of best accuracy for NT-proBNP at discharge was 1,550 pg/mL, showing a sensitivity of 68.7% and a specificity of 49.4%. With a median follow-up time of 178 days (IQR: 73-357 days), Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 3</xref>) demonstrated that patients with levels at discharge above this threshold had a significantly higher rate of the composite outcome (p=0.019).</p>
			<fig id="f3">
				<label>Figure 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve to assess the diagnostic accuracy of biomarker parameters. The graph compares the ability of NT-proBNP levels at admission, discharge, and their continuous variation to predict risk. The composite outcome includes all-cause mortality and hospital readmission for heart failure during the 6-month follow-up period.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-6-e20260008-gf03.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<fig id="f4">
				<label>Figure 3</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the composite outcome at 6 months, stratified by NT-proBNP level at hospital discharge. The cohort was dichotomized based on the optimal predictive threshold of 1,550 pg/mL. The probability of event-free survival is presented for patients with NT-proBNP levels at discharge below 1,550 pg/mL (blue line) and for those with levels equal to or greater than 1,550 pg/mL (red line). The lower table quantifies the number of remaining individuals at risk at 100-day intervals.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-6-e20260008-gf04.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<p>Discharge NT-proBNP showed an association with the combined outcome (HR 1.019; CI: 1.011–1.028; p&lt;0.001), as did delta NT-proBNP (HR 1.006; CI: 1.001–1.011; p=0.023). Admission values, however, showed no association (HR 0.997; CI: 0.991–1.003; p=0.282). In a multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, hemodynamic profile, and left ventricular ejection fraction, only discharge NT-proBNP maintained an independent association with the composite outcome at 6 months (p&lt;0.05).</p>
			<p>In the multivariate analysis to assess the reduction in NT-proBNP levels between hospital admission and discharge, a reduction greater than 50% was associated with a lower composite outcome at 6 months (HR 0.59; CI: 0.36–0.99; p=0.048). On the other hand, a reduction greater than 30% was not associated with a reduction in events (HR 0.69; CI: 0.40–1.18; p=0.184) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 4</xref>).</p>
			<fig id="f5">
				<label>Figure 4</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Cumulative risk curves for the composite outcome at 6 months, evaluating the prognostic impact of achieving in-hospital therapeutic targets. Panel A compares the clinical evolution of patients who did or did not achieve the target of a 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels between admission and discharge. Panel B illustrates the same survival analysis for the 50% reduction target. Risk was estimated using adjusted Cox regression models.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-6-e20260008-gf05.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>This study demonstrated that, in patients hospitalized for decompensated HF, NT-proBNP at discharge was the only independent predictor of mortality and hospital readmission at 6 months, presenting an AUC of 0.647 for predicting these events (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Central Figure</xref>). This finding is a relevant contribution to the literature, reinforcing the prognostic value of biomarkers after clinical stabilization and offering a practical perspective for post-discharge risk stratification in a real-world setting.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Our results, which indicate that high NT-proBNP is the best predictor of six-month outcomes, are consistent with previous evidence in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Studies such as that of Logeart et al., in 2004, have already revealed pre-discharge BNP as a strong independent marker of death or readmission after decompensated HF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Similarly, data from the OPTIMIZE-HF registry in 2011, with a robust cohort of 7039 patients, corroborated that BNP levels at hospital discharge are better predictors of mortality and/or readmission within 1 year, especially in elderly patients with HF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> This pathophysiological reasoning is understandable, given that natriuretic peptides primarily reflect left ventricular wall stress. Thus, measurement before hospital discharge tends to more accurately reflect the decrease in ventricular filling pressure and the degree of hemodynamic stability achieved after acute treatment, as well as the severity of underlying diastolic dysfunction, positioning it as an important predictor of early to medium-term outcome.</p>
			<p>Regarding the other NT-proBNP parameters, we observed a divergence in relation to some data from the literature. Although previous studies, such as that of Fonarow and the ADHERE registry, have associated elevated BNP levels at admission with a higher risk of hospital mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> In our cohort, the NT-proBNP level at admission did not maintain an association with the combined outcome at 6 months. The usefulness of the percentage (delta) reduction in natriuretic peptides is also a point of debate in the literature. While some observational studies suggest that patients with a significant reduction in natriuretic peptide levels have better outcomes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Randomized clinical trials have not demonstrated any benefit in therapy strategies guided by these variations, even leading to studies being discontinued due to futility.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> However, in our analysis, although delta NT-proBNP showed an association with the outcome in the univariate assessment, this relationship did not hold in the adjusted multivariate model. This finding, however, should not negate the clinical utility of dynamic variation. Linear analysis likely masks the benefit of achieving more aggressive therapeutic targets, suggesting that the magnitude of the response, and not just any variation, is a crucial clinical determinant for risk stratification.</p>
			<p>In this context, our analysis of therapeutic goals revealed an important distinction: while a 30% reduction was not associated with improved prognosis, achieving a reduction of ≥ 50% conferred protection. The lack of benefit with the 30% cutoff aligns with the results of the PRIMA II randomized clinical trial, which demonstrated that guiding therapy towards a reduction target of &gt;30% failed to reduce mortality and readmissions at 6 months, suggesting that modest thresholds may be insufficient to define optimal stabilization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> On the other hand, the benefit observed with the 50% reduction corroborates classic observational data and recent meta-analyses, such as those by Bayés-Genís et al. and Vergaro et al., who identified an average 50% drop in NT-proBNP levels in survivors, contrasting with a reduction of only 15% in patients who progressed to cardiovascular death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Thus, the 50% reduction target emerges as a practical bedside tool: it serves as a marker of ‘diuretic efficiency’, identifying the patient who has responded adequately to treatment and who, consequently, is on the right track to achieving safe absolute levels at hospital discharge.</p>
			<p>The event rate observed in our cohort (33.0% composite outcome at 6 months) is consistent with the high morbidity and mortality and high readmission rates expected in populations of patients with decompensated HF. The median NT-proBNP values at admission (The levels of 4940 pg/mL at the peak (2360 pg/mL) observed in our study are also consistent with the levels typically found in patients with decompensated and clinically severe HF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Although the NT-proBNP score at discharge was the best predictor in our study, its Area Under the Curve (0.647) indicates a discriminatory capacity that, while statistically significant, can be considered modest. This finding suggests that NT-proBNP, by itself, is not an absolutely definitive indicator of prognosis. It is crucial that its interpretation be made in conjunction with other clinical factors and complementary data for a more accurate risk stratification.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Several limitations inherent to the study design deserve highlighting. The retrospective nature and the fact that it was conducted in a single specialized center require caution in extrapolating the findings. Additionally, the requirement for paired NT-proBNP measurements (admission and discharge) to calculate the percentage reduction introduces a selection bias, since it excludes patients who died during hospitalization or those who did not undergo the second measurement due to a clinical decision.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusions</title>
			<p>In conclusion, NT-proBNP at discharge proved to be the best predictor of all-cause mortality and hospital readmission for decompensated heart failure at 6 months, demonstrating that the absolute value of the biomarker after treatment is a crucial determinant of patient vulnerability. Additionally, the assessment of therapeutic goals confirmed that achieving a 50% reduction in NT-proBNP levels during hospitalization is associated with a lower event rate, while a 30% reduction showed no association. This finding suggests that, although NT-proBNP at discharge is the most robust independent predictor, a 50% reduction can be used as a practical and clinically relevant marker of in-hospital therapeutic efficacy, justifying the intensification of treatment in those patients who do not achieve this goal to reduce residual risk at discharge.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
				<label>Sources of Funding</label>
				<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<label>Study Association</label>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
				<label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
				<p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital São Rafael under the protocol number 84674724.7.0000.0048. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
				<label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
				<p>During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used Gemini Pro for for writing optimization and language revision.. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-not-available">
			<title>Availability of Research Data</title>
			<p>The data cannot be made publicly available because the underlying data consists of sensitive clinical information extracted from medical records. Unrestricted public sharing is prohibited due to legal issues of patient privacy and the ethical guidelines of the local Ethics and Research Committee.</p>
		</sec>
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						<name>
							<surname>Trenado</surname>
							<given-names>VD</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>García-Vega</surname>
							<given-names>D</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Otero-García</surname>
							<given-names>Ó</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Dolz</surname>
							<given-names>LM</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal/>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>NT-proBNP in Acute De Novo Heart Failure: A Key Biomarker for Predicting Myocardial Recovery-COMFE Registry</article-title>
					<source>Life</source>
					<year>2025</year>
					<volume>15</volume>
					<issue>4</issue>
					<fpage>526</fpage>
					<lpage>526</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/life15040526</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
				<mixed-citation>24 López-Vilella R, Gómez-Otero I, Trenado VD, García-Vega D, Otero-García Ó, Dolz LM, et al. NT-proBNP in Acute De Novo Heart Failure: A Key Biomarker for Predicting Myocardial Recovery-COMFE Registry. Life. 2025;15(4):526. doi: 10.3390/life15040526.</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20260008</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Artigo Original</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>O Valor de NT-proBNP na Predição de Eventos Cardiovasculares nos Pacientes Hospitalizados por Insuficiência Cardíaca Descompensada</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4404-5350</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Siqueira</surname>
						<given-names>Rafael Felipe Coelho</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1194-8246</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Viana</surname>
						<given-names>Tainá Teixeira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados e Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>Análise estatística</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-6454-3535</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barroso</surname>
						<given-names>Natália Duarte</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados e Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-1662-9767</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Coutinho</surname>
						<given-names>Nina Vieira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-4821-3728</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Martins</surname>
						<given-names>Luiz Paulo Oliveira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-7837-1802</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Gonçalves</surname>
						<given-names>João Pedro Fernandes</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-5496-973X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Almeida</surname>
						<given-names>Pedro Vogel</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-2162-0845</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rocha</surname>
						<given-names>Djaine Haila Silva</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-6067-1324</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barros</surname>
						<given-names>Raisa Mainarte Franco</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3927-778X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Melo</surname>
						<given-names>Rodrigo Morel Vieira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados e Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>Análise estatística</role>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff3">
					<label>1</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff4">
					<label>2</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">
					<label>Correspondência:</label><bold>Rafael Felipe Coelho Siqueira</bold> • Universidade Federal da Bahia - Curso de Medicina - Largo Terreiro de Jesus, s/n. CEP <postal-code>40026-010</postal-code>, Pelourinho, Salvador, BA – Brasil E-mail: <email>rafa.felipe2001@hotmail.com</email>, <email>rafaelcoelho@ufba.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Humberto Villacorta</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumo</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Fundamento:</title>
					<p>Os níveis séricos de peptídeos natriuréticos na admissão, alta hospitalar e sua redução percentual (delta NT-proBNP) têm sido associados a desfechos cardiovasculares em insuficiência cardíaca descompensada.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Objetivo:</title>
					<p>Avaliar a acurácia prognóstica dos parâmetros de NT-proBNP e determinar a utilidade de metas de redução percentual intra-hospitalar.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Métodos:</title>
					<p>Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, incluindo pacientes ≥18 anos admitidos em protocolo de insuficiência cardíaca entre janeiro/2022 e dezembro/2023 em hospital terciário. O desfecho primário foi composto por mortalidade por todas as causas e reinternação por insuficiência cardíaca em 6 meses.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Resultados:</title>
					<p>Foram incluídos 203 pacientes (média de idade 78,5 ± 14,4 anos; 51,7% mulheres). O desfecho ocorreu em 67 (33,0%), em 6 meses. O NT-proBNP da alta apresentou a melhor acurácia (AUC 0,647; IC 95% 0,559-0,735; p=0,002). Na análise multivariada, apenas o NT-proBNP da alta manteve-se como preditor independente (p&lt;0,05), superando a variação contínua (delta). Quanto às metas terapêuticas, a redução de ≥ 50% se associou a menor risco de eventos (HR 0,59; IC 95% 0,36–0,99; p=0,048), enquanto a redução de ≥ 30% não mostrou associação (p=0,184).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusão:</title>
					<p>O NT-proBNP da alta foi o melhor preditor independente de desfechos em 6 meses. Adicionalmente, atingir uma redução intra-hospitalar de ≥ 50% se associou a melhor prognóstico, sugerindo sua utilidade como alvo terapêutico.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave:</title>
				<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca</kwd>
				<kwd>Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico</kwd>
				<kwd>Doenças Cardiovasculares</kwd>
				<kwd>Prognóstico</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<funding-statement><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
			</funding-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>
					<fig id="f6">
						<label>Figura Central:</label>
						<caption>
							<title>O Valor de NT-proBNP na Predição de Eventos Cardiovasculares nos Pacientes Hospitalizados por Insuficiência Cardíaca Descompensada</title>
							<p>Síntese esquemática do valor prognóstico do NT-proBNP na insuficiência cardíaca descompensada. O painel evidencia o nível sérico na alta hospitalar como o marcador independente mais acurado para predizer morte ou readmissão em 6 meses. A ilustração também detalha que o alcance de uma redução intra-hospitalar igual ou superior a 50% associa-se a um risco de eventos significativamente menor, benefício não observado para a redução de 30%.</p>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-6-e20260008-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma condição de alta prevalência global, afetando mais de 55 milhões de indivíduos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Sua incidência aumenta progressivamente com a idade, variando de aproximadamente 1% na faixa etária de 55 a 64 anos para cerca de 18% em indivíduos acima de 85 anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Apesar dos avanços terapêuticos, a IC permanece como uma das principais causas de internação hospitalar e de significativa morbimortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> As elevadas taxas de readmissão hospitalar têm impulsionado a pesquisa por biomarcadores cardíacos capazes de guiar a terapia intrahospitalar, buscando otimizar a compensação da doença, reduzir o tempo de internação e prevenir reinternações.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Nesse contexto, o peptídeo natriurético tipo B (BNP) e a fração N-terminal do seu precursor proBNP (NT-proBNP) se destacam como biomarcadores cardíacos. Produzidos primariamente pelo ventrículo esquerdo em resposta ao estresse hemodinâmico, como dilatação e elevação das pressões de enchimento ventricular,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> são largamente empregados no manejo da IC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Estudos prévios em pacientes com IC crônica têm demonstrado uma associação entre a redução dos níveis de peptídeos natriuréticos e a diminuição das taxas de re-hospitalização.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Os níveis desses biomarcadores, medidos na admissão e na alta hospitalar, são consistentemente associados ao prognóstico e funcionam como fortes preditores de mortalidade e readmissão.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Apesar disso, a literatura ainda apresenta divergências quanto ao parâmetro ideal: persiste uma indefinição sobre qual valor (absoluto ou delta) deve ser priorizado para a estratificação de risco e qual o alvo percentual de redução na alta hospitalar deve ser buscado para otimizar o desfecho. Esta incerteza é agravada pelo fato de que o papel da utilização da dosagem seriada para guiar a titulação terapêutica, em si, ainda não está estabelecida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Diante dessa lacuna no conhecimento, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a acurácia dos três parâmetros — os níveis de NT-proBNP na admissão hospitalar, na alta hospitalar, ou a redução percentual entre esses dois momentos — como preditor de eventos cardiovasculares maiores em pacientes hospitalizados por IC descompensada, com seguimento em 6 meses. Como objetivo secundário, buscou-se determinar se o alcance de diferentes limiares de redução percentual do entre a admissão e a alta está associado à redução de eventos em 6 meses, avaliando, assim, o potencial desses cortes como alvo terapêutico.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="methods">
				<title>Métodos</title>
				<p>O estudo é do tipo coorte, retrospectivo, unicêntrico, desenvolvido em um hospital privado, terciário, na cidade de Salvador, Brasil, entre o período de 01 de janeiro de 2022 e 31 de dezembro de 2023.</p>
				<p>Pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, hospitalizados por IC descompensada, foram incluídos. A elegibilidade se baseou no protocolo de IC da instituição, que incorpora os Critérios de Boston,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> no qual uma pontuação menor que 4 pontos determina inelegibilidade, pontuação entre 8 e 12 confere inserção direta e pontuação entre 5 e 7 exige dosagem de NT-proBNP para confirmação do quadro. Foram excluídos indivíduos com NT-proBNP &lt; 125 pg/mL, ponto de corte estabelecido pelo protocolo institucional.</p>
				<p>Os critérios de exclusão foram: pacientes internados sob outros protocolos institucionais (como síndrome coronariana aguda e taquiarritmias); aqueles sem registro de NT-proBNP em até 72 horas após a admissão ou antes da alta hospitalar; e pacientes que solicitaram alta a pedido ou foram transferidos para outras unidades. Os valores laboratoriais de NT-proBNP foram mensurados pela técnica de ELFA (ensaio imunológico com leitura de fluorescência). A variação entre os níveis de NT-proBNP na admissão e na alta foi calculada. O seguimento dos pacientes foi realizado por contato telefônico ou, em caso de reinternação, os dados foram coletados diretamente pelo profissional de saúde.</p>
				<p>Adicionalmente, foram avaliados o perfil clínico dos pacientes conforme a classificação funcional da New York Heart Association (NYHA) e o perfil hemodinâmico na IC aguda.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Variáveis ecocardiográficas, incluindo a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, e dados demográficos complementares foram coletados a partir da consulta aos prontuários eletrônicos.</p>
				<p>O desfecho primário foi mortalidade por todas as causas e reinternação hospitalar por IC, avaliado em 6 meses.</p>
				<sec>
					<title>Análise estatística</title>
					<p>As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas como frequências e porcentagens, e suas comparações realizadas pelo teste de Qui-quadrado. A normalidade da distribuição das variáveis contínuas foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Aquelas com distribuição normal foram descritas por médias e desvios-padrão, e comparadas pelo teste t de Student. Variáveis com distribuição não paramétricas foram apresentadas como medianas e intervalos interquartis, e comparadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. A acurácia diagnóstica foi avaliada pela área sob a curva (AUC) da curva de características operacionais do receptor (ROC).</p>
					<p>Os valores de NT-proBNP foram transformados logaritmicamente para os modelos de Cox. A associação entre variáveis com plausibilidade biológica e o desfecho foi avaliada por regressão de Cox univariada, selecionando-se para o modelo multivariado aquelas com valor de p&lt;0,05. O modelo multivariado de Cox foi ajustado para idade, sexo, perfil hemodinâmico e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo. As variáveis categóricas de meta de redução de NT-proBNP (≥30% e ≥50%) foram avaliadas em modelos separados para determinar a associação com o desfecho primário. Um valor de p&lt;0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o software IBM SPSS Statistical Package, versão 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Considerações éticas</title>
					<p>Conforme a resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, o presente estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa local, com dispensa do consentimento informado devido ao desenho retrospectivo, e todos os procedimentos foram realizados de acordo com a declaração de Helsinki.</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>Resultados</title>
				<p>Foram incluídos 203 pacientes, com média de idade de 78,5 (± 14,4) anos, predominando o sexo feminino, com 105 (51,7%). Do total, 107 (52,7%) apresentavam fração de ejeção reduzida e 196 (96,6%) exibiam perfil hemodinâmico tipo B na admissão hospitalar. As principais causas de descompensação foram infecção em 80 (39,4%) e uso inadequado de medicação em 24 (11,8%), sendo que, 56 (27,6%) apresentavam internação por IC nos 12 meses anteriores. As características basais estão detalhadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 1</xref>. As medianas dos níveis de NT-proBNP foram de 4940 pg/mL (IIQ: 2260–12000 pg/mL) na admissão e 2360 pg/mL (IIQ: 1010–4490 pg/mL) na alta (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figura 1</xref>). O desfecho primário ocorreu em 67 (33,0%) pacientes, sendo 17 (8,4%) óbitos e 50 (24,6%) reinternações em 6 meses.</p>
				<table-wrap id="t2">
					<label>Tabela 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Dados demográficos</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup width="49%">
							<col width="1%"/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
							<tr style="background-color:#C58874">
								<th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"/>
								<th align="center" valign="middle">Total (n=203)</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
							<tr>
								<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"><bold>Idade (média ± desvio-padrão), anos</bold></td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">78,5 (± 14,4)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
								<td align="left" colspan="3" valign="middle"><bold>Sexo, n (%)</bold></td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Feminino</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">105 (51,7%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left" colspan="3" valign="middle"><bold>Comorbidades, n (%)</bold></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">173 (85,2%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Fibrilação Atrial</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">95 (46,8%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Doença Arterial Coronariana</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">87 (42,9%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes Mellitus</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">74 (36,5%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Doença Renal Crônica</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">67 (33,0%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Tabagismo</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">26 (12,8%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
								<td align="left" colspan="3" valign="middle"><bold>Motivo da Descompensação, n (%)</bold></td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Infecção</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">80 (39,4%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Uso Inadequado de Medicação</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">24 (11,8%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Síndrome Coronariana Aguda</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">16 (7,9%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Transgressão alimentar</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">9 (4,4%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
								<td align="left" valign="middle"/>
								<td align="left" valign="middle">Arritmia</td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">21 (10,3%)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"><bold>Tempo de internação, dias</bold></td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">8 (5 – 14,5)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="background-color:#E8CCBF">
								<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"><bold>Internação Prévia (últimos 12 meses), n (%)</bold></td>
								<td align="center" valign="middle">56 (27,6%)</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</table-wrap>
				<fig id="f7">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Distribuição dos níveis séricos de NT-proBNP na admissão e na alta hospitalar. Os valores absolutos foram submetidos a transformação logarítmica para atenuar a assimetria da distribuição. A linha horizontal no interior das caixas representa a mediana amostral, os limites superior e inferior da caixa indicam o intervalo interquartil, e as hastes demonstram os valores mínimo e máximo da amostra.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-6-e20260008-gf02-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>Na predição do desfecho combinado em 6 meses, o NT-proBNP da alta apresentou área sob a curva de 0,647 (IC: 0,559–0,735; p=0,002), comparado a 0,556 (IC: 0,464–0,649; p=0,235) na admissão e 0,603 (IC: 0,513–0,693; p=0,300) para o delta NT-proBNP (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figura 2</xref>). O ponto de melhor acurácia para o NT-proBNP da alta foi de 1.550 pg/mL, apresentando sensibilidade de 68,7% e especificidade de 49,4%. Com um tempo de seguimento mediano de 178 dias (IIQ: 73-357 dias), a análise de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f9">Figura 3</xref>) demonstrou que pacientes com níveis na alta acima desse limiar apresentaram taxa significativamente maior do desfecho composto (p=0,019).</p>
				<fig id="f8">
					<label>Figura 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Curva de Características Operacionais do Receptor para avaliar a acurácia diagnóstica dos parâmetros do biomarcador. O gráfico compara a capacidade dos níveis de NT-proBNP na admissão, na alta e da sua variação contínua em predizer o risco. O desfecho composto engloba mortalidade por todas as causas e reinternação hospitalar por insuficiência cardíaca no período de acompanhamento de 6 meses.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-6-e20260008-gf03-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<fig id="f9">
					<label>Figura 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Curva de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier para o desfecho composto em 6 meses, estratificada pelo nível de NTproBNP na alta hospitalar. A coorte foi dicotomizada com base no limiar preditivo ótimo de 1.550 pg/mL. A probabilidade de sobrevida livre de eventos é apresentada para os pacientes com níveis de NT-proBNP na alta inferiores a 1.550 pg/mL (linha azul) e para aqueles com níveis iguais ou superiores a 1.550 pg/mL (linha vermelha). A tabela inferior quantifica o número de indivíduos remanescentes sob risco em intervalos de 100 dias</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-6-e20260008-gf04-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>O NT-proBNP da alta demonstrou associação com o desfecho combinado (HR 1,019; IC: 1,011–1,028; p&lt;0,001), assim como o delta NT-proBNP (HR 1,006; IC: 1,001–1,011; p=0,023). Já os valores na admissão não apresentaram associação (HR 0,997; IC: 0,991–1,003; p=0,282). Em modelo multivariado ajustado por idade, sexo, perfil hemodinâmico e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, apenas o NT-proBNP da alta manteve associação independente com o desfecho composto em 6 meses (p&lt;0,05).</p>
				<p>Na análise multivariada para avaliar a redução do nível de NT-proBNP entre a admissão e alta hospitalar, uma redução maior de 50% esteve associado a menor desfecho composto em 6 meses (HR 0,59; IC: 0,36–0,99; p=0,048). Por outro lado, redução maior de 30% não esteve associado a redução de eventos (HR 0,69; IC: 0,40–1,18; p=0,184) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">Figura 4</xref>).</p>
				<fig id="f10">
					<label>Figura 4</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Curvas de risco cumulativo para o desfecho composto em 6 meses, avaliando o impacto prognóstico do alcance de alvos terapêuticos intra-hospitalares. O painel A compara a evolução clínica dos pacientes que atingiram ou não a meta de redução de 30% nos níveis de NT-proBNP entre a admissão e a alta. O painel B ilustra a mesma análise de sobrevida para a meta de redução de 50%. O risco foi estimado por modelos de regressão de Cox ajustados.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-6-e20260008-gf05-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>O presente estudo demonstrou que, em pacientes hospitalizados por IC descompensada, o NT-proBNP da alta foi o único preditor independente de mortalidade e reinternação hospitalar em 6 meses, apresentando uma AUC de 0,647 para predição desses eventos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura Central</xref>). Este achado é uma contribuição relevante para a literatura, reforçando o valor prognóstico de biomarcadores após a estabilização clínica e oferece uma perspectiva prática para a estratificação de risco pós-alta em um cenário de mundo real.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Nossos resultados, que apontam o NT-proBNP da alta como o melhor preditor de desfechos em seis meses, estão alinhados com evidências prévias na literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Estudos como o de Logeart et al., em 2004, já revelaram o BNP pré-alta como um forte marcador independente de morte ou readmissão após IC descompensada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Similarmente, dados do registro OPTIMIZE-HF, em 2011, com uma coorte robusta de 7039 pacientes, corroboraram que os níveis de BNP na alta hospitalar predizem melhor a mortalidade e/ou reinternação em 1 ano, especialmente em pacientes idosos com IC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Este raciocínio fisiopatológico é compreensível, dado que os peptídeos natriuréticos refletem primariamente o estresse parietal do ventrículo esquerdo. Assim, uma dosagem antes da alta hospitalar tende a refletir de forma mais precisa a diminuição da pressão de enchimento ventricular e o grau de estabilidade hemodinâmica alcançado após o tratamento agudo, bem como a gravidade da disfunção diastólica subjacente, posicionando-o como um importante preditor de desfecho precoce a médio prazo.</p>
				<p>No que tange aos outros parâmetros de NT-proBNP, observamos uma divergência em relação a alguns dados da literatura. Embora estudos anteriores, como o de Fonarow e o registro ADHERE, tenham associado níveis elevados de BNP na admissão a um maior risco de mortalidade hospitalar,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> em nossa coorte, o NT-proBNP da admissão não manteve associação com o desfecho combinado em 6 meses. A utilidade da redução percentual (delta) de peptídeos natriuréticos também é um ponto de debate na literatura. Enquanto alguns estudos observacionais sugerem que pacientes com redução significativa nos níveis de peptídeos natriuréticos apresentam melhores desfechos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> ensaios clínicos randomizados não demonstraram benefício em estratégias de terapia guiada por essas variações, chegando a interromper estudos por futilidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> Contudo, em nossa análise, embora o delta NT-proBNP tenha demonstrado associação com o desfecho na avaliação univariada, essa relação não se sustentou no modelo multivariado ajustado. Tal achado, no entanto, não deve anular a utilidade clínica da variação dinâmica. É provável que a análise linear mascare o benefício de se atingir alvos terapêuticos mais agressivos, sugerindo que a magnitude da resposta, e não apenas qualquer variação, seja um determinante clínico crucial para a estratificação de risco.</p>
				<p>Nesse contexto, nossa análise de metas terapêuticas revelou uma distinção importante: enquanto a redução de 30% não se associou à melhora do prognóstico, atingir uma redução ≥ 50% conferiu proteção. A ausência de benefício com o corte de 30% se alinha aos resultados do ensaio clínico randomizado PRIMA II, que demonstrou que guiar a terapia buscando uma meta de redução &gt;30% falhou em reduzir a mortalidade e readmissões em 6 meses, sugerindo que limiares modestos podem ser insuficientes para definir a estabilização ótima.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Por outro lado, o benefício observado com a redução de 50% corrobora dados observacionais clássicos e meta análises recentes, como os de Bayés-Genís et al. e Vergaro et al., que identificaram uma queda média de 50% nos níveis de NT-proBNP em sobreviventes, contrastando com uma redução de apenas 15% nos pacientes que evoluíram para óbito cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Dessa forma, a meta de redução de 50% emerge como uma ferramenta prática de beira-leito: ela serve como um marcador de ‘eficiência diurética’, identificando o paciente que respondeu adequadamente ao tratamento e que, consequentemente, está no caminho correto para alcançar os níveis absolutos seguros na alta hospitalar.</p>
				<p>A taxa de eventos observada em nossa coorte (33,0% de desfecho composto em 6 meses) é consistente com a elevada morbimortalidade e as altas taxas de readmissão esperadas em populações de pacientes com IC descompensada. Os valores medianos de NT-proBNP na admissão (4940 pg/mL) e na alta (2360 pg/mL) observados em nosso estudo também estão em consonância com os níveis tipicamente encontrados em pacientes com IC descompensada e clinicamente grave.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Apesar de o NT-proBNP da alta ter sido o melhor preditor em nosso estudo, sua Área Sob a Curva (0,647) indica uma capacidade discriminatória que, embora estatisticamente significativa, pode ser considerada modesta. Este achado sugere que o NT-proBNP, por si só, não é um dado definidor absoluto para o prognóstico. É crucial que sua interpretação seja feita em conjunto com outros fatores clínicos e dados complementares para uma estratificação de risco mais precisa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Algumas limitações inerentes ao desenho do estudo merecem destaque. A natureza retrospectiva e a condução em um único centro especializado requerem cautela na extrapolação dos achados. Adicionalmente, a exigência de dosagens pareadas de NT-proBNP (admissão e alta) para o cálculo da redução percentual introduz um viés de seleção, uma vez que exclui pacientes que faleceram durante a internação ou aqueles que não realizaram a segunda dosagem por decisão clínica.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusões</title>
				<p>Em conclusão, o NT-proBNP da alta se revelou o melhor preditor de mortalidade por todas as causas e reinternação hospitalar por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada em 6 meses, demonstrando que o valor absoluto do biomarcador após o tratamento é um determinante crucial da vulnerabilidade do paciente. Complementarmente, a avaliação de metas terapêuticas confirmou que atingir uma redução percentual de 50% nos níveis de NT-proBNP durante a internação se associa a uma menor taxa de eventos, enquanto a redução de 30% não mostrou associação. Esse achado sugere que, embora o NT-proBNP da alta seja o preditor independente mais robusto, a redução percentual de 50% pode ser utilizada como um marcador prático e clinicamente relevante da eficácia terapêutica intra-hospitalar, justificando a intensificação do tratamento naqueles pacientes que não alcançam essa meta para reduzir o risco residual na alta.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
					<label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
					<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
					<label>Vinculação Acadêmica</label>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
					<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</label>
					<p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital São Rafael sob o número de protocolo 84674724.7.0000.0048. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo estão de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
					<label>Uso de Inteligência Artificial</label>
					<p>Durante a preparação deste trabalho, o(s) autor(es) usaram Gemini Pro para otimização da redação e revisão linguística. Após o uso desta ferramenta/serviço, o(s) autor(es) revisaram e editaram o conteúdo conforme necessário e assumem total responsabilidade pelo conteúdo do artigo publicado.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-not-available">
				<title>Disponibilidade de Dados</title>
				<p>Os dados não podem ser disponibilizados publicamente pois os dados subjacentes consistem em informações clínicas sensíveis extraída de prontuários médicos. O compartilhamento público irrestrito é vedado por questões legais de privacidade do paciente e pelas diretrizes éticas do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa local.</p>
			</sec>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>