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<article article-type="letter" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2764-3107</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20250028i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Impacts of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome on Cardiovascular Autonomic Changes</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Tenório</surname>
						<given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Paulo Afonso</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Paulo Afonso, BA – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label>Pedro Pereira Tenório • Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco Curso de Medicina - Avenida da Amizade, 1900. Postal Code 48605-780, Paulo Afonso, BA - Brazil E-mail: <email>pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p> Germano Souza</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>31</day>
				<month>12</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>5</volume>
			<issue>3</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20250028</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>26</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>30</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>06</day>
					<month>11</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords:</title>
				<kwd>Sistema Nervoso Autônomo</kwd>
				<kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
				<kwd>Inflamação</kwd>
				<kwd>Síndrome de Pós-COVID-19 Aguda</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="5"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec>
			<title>Dear Editor,</title>
			<p>The article by Davanço et al., entitled “Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and Autonomic Repercussions on Cardiovascular Variables”<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> (ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop. 2023; 3(3): e20230056), makes an important contribution to understanding the autonomic repercussions of COVID-19 on cardiovascular modulation. This study stands out for addressing an emerging and highly relevant clinical topic by investigating heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, using robust temporal and spectral domain measures. The methodological rigor, adherence to STROBE guidelines, and adequate characterization of the comparison groups are noteworthy, lending solidity to the conclusions presented.</p>
			<p>The correlation between increased parasympathetic indices (RMSSD, HF) and reduced global variability parameters suggests a complex autonomic adaptation, possibly mediated by persistent inflammatory mechanisms<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>— a hypothesis of great pathophysiological value.</p>
			<p>However, some aspects deserve consideration for future investigations. The sample selection could be improved through more detailed control of confounding factors. We observed that the control group was composed of healthy individuals who practiced regular physical activity, and stricter control of this variable,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> in addition to the use of medications that modulate the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and the exact time elapsed since infection, would increase the validity of the comparisons.</p>
			<p>Furthermore, the absence of inflammatory or biochemical markers (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein) limits the exploration of the interaction between residual inflammation and autonomic dysfunction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Regarding methodology, the adoption of complementary analyses, such as approximate entropy or cross-correlation analysis between HRV and blood pressure variability, could enrich the understanding of the complex post-viral autonomic dynamics.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Finally, a longitudinal follow-up of these patients, even in a small cohort, would allow us to infer whether the observed changes represent a transient state of autonomic readjustment or a persistent marker of cardiovascular risk.</p>
			<p>The work of Davanço et al., 2023,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> constitutes a valuable and timely contribution to the cardiology literature by opening space for integrated research between autonomic dysfunction and chronic post-COVID-19 inflammation. The above observations are intended only to reinforce the merit of the study and encourage the continuation of research in this promising field.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20250028</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Repercussões da Síndrome Pós-COVID-19 em Alterações Autonômicas Cardiovasculares</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Tenório</surname>
						<given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Paulo Afonso, BA – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">
					<label>Correspondência:</label> Pedro Pereira Tenório Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco Curso de Medicina – Avenida da Amizade, 1900. CEP 48605-780, Paulo Afonso, BA – Brasil E-mail: pedrotenorio28@gmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Germano Souza</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave:</title>
				<kwd>Sistema Nervoso Autônomo</kwd>
				<kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
				<kwd>Inflamação</kwd>
				<kwd>Síndrome de Pós-COVID-19 Aguda</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec>
				<title>Senhor Editor, </title>
				<p>O artigo de Davanço et al., intitulado “Síndrome Pós-COVID-19 e as Repercussões Autonômicas nas Variáveis Cardiovasculares”<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> (<italic>ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</italic>. 2023; 3(3): e20230056), traz uma importante contribuição à compreensão das repercussões autonômicas da COVID-19 na modulação cardiovascular. O estudo se destaca por abordar um tema emergente e de alta relevância clínica, ao investigar parâmetros de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em pacientes com síndrome pós-COVID-19, utilizando medidas robustas de domínio temporal e espectral. Ressalta-se o rigor metodológico, o cumprimento das diretrizes STROBE e a adequada caracterização dos grupos de comparação, o que confere solidez às conclusões apresentadas.</p>
				<p>A correlação entre aumento de índices parassimpáticos (RMSSD, HF) e redução de parâmetros de variabilidade global sugere uma adaptação autonômica complexa, possivelmente mediada por mecanismos inflamatórios persistentes<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> — uma hipótese de grande valor fisiopatológico.</p>
				<p>Entretanto, alguns aspectos merecem reflexão para futuras investigações. A seleção amostral poderia ser aprimorada mediante o controle mais detalhado de fatores confundidores. Observamos que o grupo controle foi composto por indivíduos saudáveis que praticavam atividade física regular, e um controle mais estrito dessa variável,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> além do uso de medicamentos que modulam o sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA) e o tempo exato decorrido desde a infecção, aumentaria a validade das comparações.</p>
				<p>Além disso, a ausência de marcadores inflamatórios ou bioquímicos (p. ex., IL-6, TNF-α, proteína C-reativa) limita a exploração da interação entre inflamação residual e disfunção autonômica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> No que tange à metodologia, a adoção de análises complementares, como a entropia aproximada ou a análise de correlação cruzada entre VFC e variabilidade da pressão arterial, poderia enriquecer a compreensão da complexa dinâmica autonômica pós-viral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Finalmente, um seguimento longitudinal desses pacientes, ainda que em coorte reduzida, permitiria inferir se as alterações observadas representam um estado transitório de readaptação autonômica ou um marcador persistente de risco cardiovascular.</p>
				<p>O trabalho de Davanço et al., 2023,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> constitui uma contribuição valiosa e oportuna à literatura cardiológica, ao abrir espaço para a investigação integrada entre disfunção autonômica e inflamação crônica pós-COVID-19. As observações acima pretendem apenas reforçar o mérito do estudo e estimular a continuidade de pesquisas nesse campo promissor.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
	</sub-article>
</article>