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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2764-3107</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20250003i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Original Article</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan on All-Cause Mortality Reduction in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: SALVA-CRT</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7608-1482</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Passos</surname>
						<given-names>Luiz Carlos Santana</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7782-4567</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Carvalho</surname>
						<given-names>William</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4846-2813</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barros-Pereira</surname>
						<given-names>Jackson Pedro</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7722-9087</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Figueiredo</surname>
						<given-names>Clara Salles</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-2613-5038</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Dourado</surname>
						<given-names>Gabriela Pio</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2441-9626</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Tapioca</surname>
						<given-names>Fernanda Pinheiro Martin</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5960-2952</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Cafezeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Caio Rebouças Fonseca</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Statistical analysis</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Ana Nery</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Ana Nery, Salvador, BA – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia – Faculdade de Medicina, Salvador, BA – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label> Caio Rebouças Fonseca Cafezeiro • Hospital Ana Nery - R. Saldanha Marinho, s/n. Postal Code 40301-155, Caixa D’agua, Salvador, BA – Brasil E-mail: <email>caiocafezeiro@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Potential conflict of interest:</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p>Luis Beck-da-Silva</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>15</day>
				<month>12</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>11</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>5</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20250003</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>13</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>15</day>
					<month>04</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>17</day>
					<month>06</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Background</title>
					<p> Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is indicated for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) receiving conventional triple therapy (CTT). Although sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) is a cornerstone of modern triple therapy (MTT) for HFrEF, its effectiveness in patients undergoing CRT implantation has not been adequately evaluated.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Objective</title>
					<p> To compare all-cause mortality between CRT recipients on CTT and those on MTT, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Methods</title>
					<p> Prospective, observational cohort including patients undergoing a first CRT implantation. Inclusion criteria were left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% and bundle branch block with QRS ≥150 ms, with prior use of either CTT or MTT. Patients who discontinued any medication, initiated a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), or crossed over between CTT and MTT during follow-up were excluded. Statistical analyses used the unpaired Student’s t test (p &lt; 0.05 for significance). Cox regression was applied to variables potentially associated with the outcome (p &lt; 0.1).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Results</title>
					<p> From 2017 to 2022, 425 CRT implantations were performed; 58 (13.6%) patients were excluded. Of the 367 analyzed, 286 (78%) were on CTT and 81 (22%) on MTT. Mean age was 61 (±12) years; mean LVEF was 26% (±6); Chagas disease was the most prevalent etiology (34.3%). Mean follow-up was 58 (±8) months, with 62 deaths (16.9%): 59 (21%) in the CTT group and 3 (3.7%) in the MTT group. The HR was 1.27 (95% CI 1.17–1.39) for CTT and 0.18 (95% CI 0.06–0.58) for MTT. In multivariable analysis, CTT use was the only independent predictor of mortality (HR 5.83; 95% CI 1.81–18.70; p = 0.003).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusion</title>
					<p> MTT including S/V significantly reduced all-cause mortality in patients undergoing CRT implantation.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords</title>
				<kwd>Mortality</kwd>
				<kwd>Systolic Heart Failure</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<funding-statement><bold>Sources of funding:</bold>There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
			</funding-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="4"/>
				<table-count count="4"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="21"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>
					<fig id="f01">
						<label>Central Illustration:</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan on All-Cause Mortality Reduction in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: SALVA-CRT</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-5-2-e20250003-gf01.tif"/>
						<attrib>Study flowchart. CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; CTT: conventional triple therapy (use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEI] combined with beta-blockers and spironolactone); S/V: Sacubitril/Valsartan; MTT: Modern triple therapy (use of S/V combined with beta-blockers and spironolactone); NYHA: New York Heart Association; INTERMACS: Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support.</attrib>
					</fig>
				</p>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Optimized medical therapy should be established prior to the implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Ideally, patients should be receiving the maximum tolerated doses of medications proven to improve prognosis in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) at the time of CRT implantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Among these treatments, conventional triple therapy (CTT) — comprising angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), beta-blockers, and spironolactone — stands out. In contrast, modern triple therapy (MTT) incorporates the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) as a replacement for ACEi.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Although these pharmacologic strategies serve as adjuvants to CRT, both clinical trials and real-world studies have demonstrated the superiority of MTT over CTT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Nevertheless, some clinical guidelines still recommend ACEi as first-line therapy for HF.</p>
			<p>Almost half of patients undergoing CRT are thought to not achieve the expected clinical benefit. Real-world data suggest that therapeutic inertia and the underutilization of modern medications may be associated with both high nonresponse rates and increased risk of adverse outcomes following CRT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Despite numerous studies supporting the efficacy of S/V in HFrEF treatment, few patients in CRT trials were actually receiving this medication. As a result, there is still no strong evidence supporting the mandatory use of S/V prior to CRT indication.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare all-cause mortality over a minimum follow-up period of 1 year between patients undergoing CRT who were treated with CTT and those treated with MTT.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>Objective</title>
			<p>To compare all-cause mortality over a minimum follow-up period of 1 year between patients undergoing CRT implantation who were receiving CTT and those receiving MTT.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="methods">
			<title>Method</title>
			<p>This was a prospective, observational, single-center cohort study including patients with HFrEF consecutively referred for CRT implantation between 2017 and 2022 at Hospital Ana Nery, Universidade Federal da Bahia, a reference center for cardiovascular diseases and the only institution in the state of Bahia accredited by the Brazilian Unified Health System (<italic>Sistema Único de Saúde</italic>, SUS) to implant high-cost cardiac implantable electronic devices.</p>
			<sec>
				<title>Definition of variables and group characteristics</title>
				<p>CTT was defined as the use of an ACEi combined with a beta-blocker and spironolactone, whereas MTT was defined as the use of S/V combined with a beta-blocker and spironolactone.</p>
				<p>Patients were grouped according to the triple therapy they were receiving prior to CRT implantation, which was maintained throughout the follow-up period. Thus, two groups were formed: one composed of patients on continuous CTT and the other on continuous MTT.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Inclusion criteria</title>
				<p>Patients were eligible if they were older than 18 years, had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%, interventricular dyssynchrony with QRS ≥ 150 ms, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II or III, and were on either CTT or MTT at the time of CRT implantation.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Exclusion criteria</title>
				<p>Patients were excluded if, for any reason during follow-up, they discontinued any of the medications included in the CTT or MTT initiated at baseline, began using an sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2i), or switched between groups (from CTT to MTT or vice versa).</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Admission flow, logistics, and follow-up procedures</title>
				<p>Patients were admitted from other hospitals or referred by outpatient clinics. After evaluation and indication for CRT implantation, candidates were assigned according to the pharmacological therapy in use (CTT or MTT). Follow-up was conducted by a multidisciplinary team (nurse, social worker, pharmacist, and psychologist) through monthly telephone or messaging app contact and in-person visits every 6 months or during regular appointments with the attending physician.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Data collection and variables of interest</title>
				<p>The clinical variables assessed included prior medications, NYHA functional class, comorbidities, HF etiology, and anthropometric data. Imaging tests consisted of a transthoracic echocardiogram performed within 1 year prior to admission, prioritizing LVEF obtained by Simpson’s method (apical 4- and 2-chamber views). Electrocardiographic reports supporting CRT indication were also considered, with conduction abnormalities classified as native LBBB, pacemaker- or ICD-induced LBBB, or absence of LBBB. Regardless of the block type, QRS duration had to be ≥ 150 ms.</p>
				<p>Laboratory variables of interest included serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on the CKD-EPI equation, obtained within 24 hours prior to implantation.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Outcome</title>
				<p>All-cause mortality with a minimum follow-up of 1 year.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Statistical analysis</title>
				<p>Normality of continuous variables was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Variables with normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and compared using the unpaired Student’s t-test. Non-normally distributed variables were presented as median and interquartile range and compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Categorical variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies and compared using the chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate survival, with comparisons between groups conducted using the log-rank test. For multivariate analysis, a Cox regression model was applied, including variables with a potential association with the outcome (p &lt; 0.1). Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).</p>
				<p>The study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee, in accordance with Resolution No. 466/2012 of the Brazilian National Health Council. All procedures followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results">
			<title>Results</title>
			<p>Between 2017 and 2022, a total of 425 patients were admitted, of whom 58 (11.6%) were excluded (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Central Illustration</xref>). Exclusions occurred throughout the follow-up period, which had a mean duration of 58 (±8) months. Among the excluded patients, 32 (55%) were removed due to a change in prescription from CTT to MTT, 15 (26%) due to the introduction of an SGLT2i, and 11 (19%) due to the discontinuation of at least 1 class of medications within the prescribed triple therapy regimen.</p>
			<p>Among the 367 patients included in the final analysis, 286 (78%) were on CTT and 81 (22%) on MTT. The <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> shows the baseline clinical characteristics, which include a predominance of males (57%), a mean age of 61 years (±12), Chagas disease as the most prevalent etiology (34.3%), and a mean LVEF of 26% (±4).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1">
					<label>Table 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients undergoing CRT, according to type of therapy used</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left">Variable</th>
								<th>CTT (n = 286)</th>
								<th>MTT (n = 81)</th>
								<th>p-value</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td>Male sex, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">165 (57.7%)</td>
								<td align="center">44 (54.3%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.590</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Age, mean (±SD)</td>
								<td align="center">61 (±12)</td>
								<td align="center">61 (±12)</td>
								<td align="center">0.963</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>NYHA class II, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">106 (37.0%)</td>
								<td align="center">29 (35.8%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.836</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>NYHA class III, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">180 (63.0%)</td>
								<td align="center">52 (64.2%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.872</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>CRT-D implantation, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">186 (65.0%)</td>
								<td align="center">53 (65.4%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.948</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Native LBBB, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">163 (57.0%)</td>
								<td align="center">50 (61.7%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.445</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Device-induced LBBB (upgrade), n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">63 (22.0%)</td>
								<td align="center">18 (22.2%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.330</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>No LBBB, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">60 (21.0%)</td>
								<td align="center">13 (16.1%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.813</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Hypertension, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">213 (74.5%)</td>
								<td align="center">56 (69.1%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.339</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Diabetes mellitus, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">91 (31.8%)</td>
								<td align="center">27 (33.3%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.797</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Atrial fibrillation, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">61 (21.3%)</td>
								<td align="center">11 (13.6%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.090</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Prior myocardial infarction, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">57 (20.0%)</td>
								<td align="center">12 (14.8%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.270</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Prior stroke, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">47 (16.4%)</td>
								<td align="center">13 (16.1%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.934</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Chronic obstructive ranchr disease, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">18 (6.3%)</td>
								<td align="center">8 (9.9%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.268</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Chagas disease etiology, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">105 (36.7%)</td>
								<td align="center">21 (26.0%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.059</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Ischemic etiology, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">46 (16.0%)</td>
								<td align="center">11 (13.6%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.571</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Myocarditis, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">41 (14.3%)</td>
								<td align="center">12 (14.8%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.615</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Other known etiologies, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">94 (32.9%)</td>
								<td align="center">44 (54.3%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.036</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Use of digoxin, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">57 (20.0%)</td>
								<td align="center">15 (18.5%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.776</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Use of furosemide, n (%)</td>
								<td align="center">230 (80.4%)</td>
								<td align="center">61 (75.3%)</td>
								<td align="center">0.343</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Body mass index, mean (±SD)</td>
								<td align="center">24 (±4)</td>
								<td align="center">24 (±5)</td>
								<td align="center">0.448</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>LVEF, mean (±SD)</td>
								<td align="center">26% (±6)</td>
								<td align="center">25% (±6)</td>
								<td align="center">0.703</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Glomerular filtration rate, mean (±SD)</td>
								<td align="center">69 (±25)</td>
								<td align="center">67 (±25)</td>
								<td align="center">0.997</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>MAGGIC score, mean (±SD)</td>
								<td align="center">15.5 (±8.6)</td>
								<td align="center">16.2 (±8.6)</td>
								<td align="center">0.444</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN1">
							<p>AF: atrial fibrillation; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; CTT: conventional triple therapy; MTT: modern triple therapy; LBBB: left bundle branch block; NYHA: New York Heart Association; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MAGGIC: Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Overall mortality was 62 patients (16.9%), with 59 (21%) deaths in the CTT group and only 3 (3.7%) in the MTT group (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 1</xref>), representing a statistically significant difference (log-rank test, p = 0.001).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Kaplan-Meier survival curve of patients undergoing CRT, comparing CTT with ACEIversus MTT with S/V. ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; CTT: conventional triple therapy; MTT: modern triple therapy; S/V: sacubitril/valsartan.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-5-2-e20250003-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>In multivariate analysis, CTT use was identified as an independent predictor of mortality (HR 5.83; 95% CI 1.81-18.70; p = 0.003), whereas MTT use was significantly associated with protection against the outcome (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.44-0.67; p = 0.002) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t2">
					<label>Table 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Univariate and multivariate analysis of all-cause mortality among patients undergoing CRT implantation, according to the therapy used</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left">Variable</th>
								<th>HR (95% CI) – Univariate analysis</th>
								<th>p-value</th>
								<th>HR (95% CI) – Multivariate analysis</th>
								<th>p-value</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td>On CTT</td>
								<td align="center">1.27 (1.17–1.39)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
								<td align="center">5.83 (1.81–18.70)</td>
								<td align="center">0.003</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>On MTT</td>
								<td align="center">0.18 (0.06–0.58)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
								<td align="center">0.71 (0.44–0.67)</td>
								<td align="center">0.002</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>NYHA class II</td>
								<td align="center">0.61 (0.38–0.97)</td>
								<td align="center">0.030</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Chagas disease etiology</td>
								<td align="center">1.81 (1.37–2.41)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Myocarditis</td>
								<td align="center">0.29 (0.09–0.91)</td>
								<td align="center">0.017</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>AF</td>
								<td align="center">2.30 (1.52–3.49)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Induced LBBB (upgrade)</td>
								<td align="center">1.58 (1.03–2.42)</td>
								<td align="center">0.046</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Native LBBB</td>
								<td align="center">0.62 (0.45–0.86)</td>
								<td align="center">0.001</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>No LBBB</td>
								<td align="center">1.47 (0.94–2.31)</td>
								<td align="center">0.124</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>MAGGIC score</td>
								<td align="center">1.33 (1.01–1.97)</td>
								<td align="center">0.005</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>LVEF</td>
								<td align="center">1.14 (0.84–1.85)</td>
								<td align="center">0.235</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN2">
							<p>AF: atrial fibrillation; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; CTT: conventional triple therapy; MTT: modern triple therapy; NYHA: New York Heart Association; LBBB: left bundle branch block; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MAGGIC: Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure; —: Variable not included in the multivariate model.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>Our cohort revealed relevant findings. After multivariate analysis, patients undergoing CRT implantation while on MTT with S/V showed significant protection against the primary outcome, whereas those on CTT had an increased risk of mortality.</p>
			<p>Eligibility for new therapies in patients with implanted devices remains underexplored in the literature but appears promising, despite the scarcity of dedicated studies. Medication optimization is feasible for several reasons: the proven efficacy and safety of these drugs, strong support in clinical guidelines, and, in the Brazilian context, their availability free of charge through government programs. The PARADIGM-HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI With ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure) trial, which compared S/V to enalapril, was discontinued early due to the superiority of S/V, with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Despite the high level of evidence and strong international guideline recommendations, MTT remains underutilized. In our sample, the proportion of patients who maintained MTT use was 114 (26%), similar to that reported in literature, which ranges from 23% to 44%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
			<p>To date, no prospective study has evaluated mortality in patients undergoing CRT using CTT versus MTT. A systematic review of 38 studies assessed therapy optimization and clinical outcomes after CRT implantation (n = 27 studies), with sample sizes ranging from 50 to 7,932 patients and mean follow-up periods from 6 to 70 months. Among them, only 1 French retrospective study (n = 243) reported the frequency of CTT use, whereas S/V use was documented in 23% to 44% of CRT patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
			<p>We also observed a trend toward a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the CTT group compared to the MTT group (21.3% vs. 13.5%; p = 0.09). Although this difference did not reach statistical significance and AF was not an independent predictor of mortality in the multivariate analysis, this finding warrants attention given its clinical relevance. AF has been associated in several studies with poorer response to CRT, which may partially contribute to the outcomes observed in this study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Newly diagnosed or persistent AF has been linked to reduced LV reverse remodeling and less improvement in ejection fraction following CRT. Moreover, AF increases the risk of adverse events, such as inappropriate ICD shocks and HF-related hospitalizations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Similarly, Chagas etiology showed a numerically higher frequency in the CTT group compared to the MTT group (36.7% vs. 26.0%; p = 0.059), with a trend toward statistical significance. Although it was not identified as an independent predictor of mortality in the multivariate analysis, this finding is clinically relevant, considering the impact of Chagas disease in patients with HF. Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCM) often presents with distinctive electrocardiographic and structural features that may negatively affect the response to CRT. In a cohort study, patients with CCM had twice the risk of death compared to those with dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, these patients showed a lower response to CRT, both in terms of functional capacity improvement and ventricular remodeling.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Ventricular arrhythmias, commonly observed in CCM, pose an additional challenge and are associated with high rates of appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies and electrical storm episodes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Despite the lower mortality observed in the group using MTT with S/V, it is important to note that a substantial proportion of patients did not reach the target dose of the drug. Among the 75 patients undergoing CRT while on S/V, only 18 (24%) were receiving the full dose (200 mg/day), while most were on intermediate (100 mg/day in 35 patients) or initial doses (50 mg/day in 22 patients). Between the 6th and 12th month of follow-up, among the 73 patients who remained on S/V, only 16 (21.9%) maintained the 200 mg/day dose; 42 (57.5%) were using 100 mg/day, and 15 (20.5%) were using 50 mg/day. These data suggest that even at submaximal doses, MTT was associated with better outcomes, indicating clinical benefit even without full dose optimization. On the other hand, the findings reflect real-world challenges in achieving the target dose, underscoring the need for strategies to enable gradual and safe titration of ARNi whenever possible, to maximize its therapeutic effects.</p>
			<p>A study that specifically evaluated eligibility for S/V use in patients with implantable devices found that a significant proportion (43% to 72%) of patients would be eligible for switching from an ACEi to S/V. Due to symptom progression (NYHA class IV), approximately half (17% to 32%) of patients remained eligible for MTT. Additionally, 18% of patients developed a new indication for ARNi during follow-up, highlighting the importance of periodically reassessing drug therapy before and after device implantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
			<p>In addition to ARNi, current guidelines also recommend the use of SGLT2 inhibitors, whose combination has been shown to further reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with HFrEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Recently updated guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society have endorsed the so-called quadruple therapy (ARNi, beta-blocker, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and SGLT2i).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> However, in the clinical trials that demonstrated the efficacy of these drugs, few patients had indications for CRT. Therefore, there is no robust evidence to support the mandatory use of these medications before considering CRT.</p>
			<p>Despite efforts to minimize bias, there are inherent limitations associated with the observational and single-center design of this study, which may compromise its external validity. Additionally, this was a non-randomized study with a convenience sample, although it included a significant number of patients with similar clinical characteristics across groups. Another relevant limitation is temporal bias, as it was not possible to record the duration of CTT or MTT use prior to study enrollment.</p>
			<p>Finally, the lower all-cause mortality observed among HFrEF patients receiving MTT compared to those receiving CTT suggests a potential benefit from including ARNi as part of optimized therapy in this population. However, it is essential to highlight that this was an observational, single-center, and nonrandomized study, and therefore subject to various sources of bias. As such, the findings should be interpreted with caution, and further studies using more robust methodologies are needed to definitively confirm the impact of this therapeutic strategy. Maintaining optimized therapy — including ARNi, when indicated — even after CRT implantation, may represent a beneficial clinical approach. Nevertheless, its application should be individualized and based on careful case-by-case assessment.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>Early, sustained use of MTT with S/V was associated with a significant reduction in mortality risk among HFrEF patients undergoing CRT implantation.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
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		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Study association:</label>
				<p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Ethics approval and consent to participate:</label>
				<p> This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Ana Nery under the protocol number 5.825.148. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
				<label>Sources of funding:</label>
				<p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20250003</article-id>
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			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Efeito do Sacubitril/Valsartana na Redução da Mortalidade em Pacientes Submetidos à Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca: SALVA-CRT</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7608-1482</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Passos</surname>
						<given-names>Luiz Carlos Santana</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Obtenção de dados e Redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7782-4567</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Carvalho</surname>
						<given-names>William</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Obtenção de dados e Redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4846-2813</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barros-Pereira</surname>
						<given-names>Jackson Pedro</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7722-9087</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Figueiredo</surname>
						<given-names>Clara Salles</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-2613-5038</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Dourado</surname>
						<given-names>Gabriela Pio</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2441-9626</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Tapioca</surname>
						<given-names>Fernanda Pinheiro Martin</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5960-2952</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Cafezeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Caio Rebouças Fonseca</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Obtenção de dados e Redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Ana Nery, Salvador, BA – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia - Faculdade de Medicina, Salvador, BA – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">
					<label>Correspondência:</label> Caio Rebouças Fonseca Cafezeiro • Hospital Ana Nery - R. Saldanha Marinho, s/n. CEP 40301-155, Caixa D’agua, Salvador, BA – Brasil E-mail: caiocafezeiro@hotmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Luis Beck-da-Silva</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Potencial conflito de interesse:</label>
					<p>Não há conflito com o presente artigo</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumo</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Fundamento</title>
					<p> A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC) é indicada para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFEr) em uso de terapia tríplice convencional (TTC). Embora o sacubitril/valsartana (S/V) seja um componente fundamental da terapia tríplice moderna (TTM) para ICFEr, sua eficácia em pacientes submetidos ao implante de TRC ainda não foi adequadamente avaliada.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Objetivo</title>
					<p> Comparar a mortalidade por todas as causas entre pacientes submetidos à TRC em uso de TTC e aqueles em uso de TTM, com seguimento mínimo de 1 ano.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Métodos</title>
					<p> Estudo de coorte observacional e prospectivo com pacientes submetidos ao primeiro implante de TRC. Foram incluídos pacientes com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) ≤ 35% e bloqueio de ramo com QRS ≥ 150 ms, em uso prévio de TTC ou TTM. Foram excluídos os pacientes que descontinuaram qualquer medicação, que iniciaram uso de Inibidor do cotransportador sódio-glicose tipo 2 (iSGLT2) ou que migraram entre TTC e TTM durante o seguimento. As análises estatísticas incluíram o teste t de Student não pareado, com significância estabelecida para p &lt; 0,05. A regressão de Cox foi aplicada para variáveis com possível associação com o desfecho (p &lt; 0,1).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Resultados</title>
					<p> Entre 2017 e 2022, foram realizados 425 implantes de TRC; desses, 58 (13,6%) pacientes foram excluídos. Dos 367 analisados, 286 (78%) estavam em uso de TTC e 81 (22%) em TTM. A média de idade da amostra foi de 61 anos (±12); a FEVE média foi de 26% (±6), sendo a doença de Chagas a etiologia mais prevalente (34,3%). O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 58 meses (±8), com mortalidade por todas as causas de 62 pacientes (16,9%): 59 (21%) no grupo TTC e 3 (3,7%) no grupo TTM. A HR para o grupo TTC foi de 1,27 (IC 95% 1,17-1,39) e para o grupo TTM, de 0,18 (IC 95% 0,06-0,58). Na análise multivariada, o uso de TTC foi o único preditor independente de mortalidade (HR 5,83; IC 95% 1,81-18,70; p = 0,003).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusão</title>
					<p> O uso da TTM, incluindo S/V, reduziu significativamente o risco de mortalidade por todas as causas em pacientes submetidos ao implante de TRC.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave</title>
				<kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
				<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca Sistólica</kwd>
				<kwd>Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<funding-statement><bold>Fontes de financiamento:</bold>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
			</funding-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura Central:</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Efeito do Sacubitril/Valsartana na Redução da Mortalidade em Pacientes Submetidos à Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca: SALVA-CRT</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-5-2-e20250003-gf01-pt.tif"/>
						<attrib>Fluxograma do estudo. TRC: terapia de ressincronização cardíaca; TTC: terapia tríplice convencional (uso de inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina [iECA] associados a betabloqueadores e espironolactona); S/V: Sacubitril/Valsartana; TTM: terapia tríplice moderna (uso de S/V associados a betabloqueadores e espironolactona); NYHA: New York Heart Association; INTERMACS: Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support.</attrib>
					</fig>
				</p>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>A terapia medicamentosa otimizada deve ser instituída antes do implante da terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Assim, é desejável que, no momento do implante, os candidatos já estejam em uso das doses máximas toleradas dos fármacos que comprovadamente melhoram o prognóstico de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) com fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFEr).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Dentre esses tratamentos, destaca-se a terapia tríplice convencional (TTC), composta por inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina (iECA), betabloqueadores e espironolactona. Em contrapartida, a terapia tríplice moderna (TTM) incorpora o uso do inibidor do receptor de angiotensina-neprilisina (ARNi), Sacubitril/Valsartana (S/V), em substituição ao iECA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Embora esses fármacos atuem como terapias adjuvantes à TRC, tanto ensaios clínicos quanto estudos em mundo real têm demonstrado superioridade da TTM em relação à TTC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Ainda assim, algumas diretrizes seguem recomendando os iECA como medicamentos de primeira linha no tratamento da IC.</p>
				<p>Estima-se que quase metade dos pacientes submetidos à TRC não apresenta os benefícios esperados. Estudos de mundo real têm demonstrado que a inércia terapêutica e o subuso de medicamentos mais modernos podem estar associados tanto às altas taxas de não respondedores quanto ao risco aumentado de desfechos clínicos desfavoráveis após a TRC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Apesar das diversas publicações que comprovam a eficácia do S/V no tratamento da ICFEr, poucos pacientes faziam uso dessa medicação nos ensaios clínicos envolvendo TRC. Dessa forma, ainda não há evidências robustas que sustentem a obrigatoriedade do uso desse fármaco antes da indicação para TRC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é comparar a mortalidade por todas as causas, em um período mínimo de 1 ano, entre pacientes submetidos ao implante de TRC em uso de TTC e aqueles em uso de TTM.</p>
				<sec>
					<title>Objetivo</title>
					<p>Comparar a mortalidade por todas as causas, em um período mínimo de 1 ano, entre pacientes submetidos ao implante de TRC em uso de TTC e aqueles em uso de TTM.</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="methods">
				<title>Método</title>
				<p>Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo, observacional e unicêntrico, realizado com pacientes com ICFEr encaminhados consecutivamente entre 2017 e 2022 para implante de TRC no Hospital Ana Nery, Universidade Federal da Bahia, centro de referência em doenças cardiovasculares e único serviço do Estado da Bahia credenciado para implante de dispositivos cardíacos eletrônicos implantáveis de alto custo pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).</p>
				<sec>
					<title>Definição das variáveis e características dos grupos</title>
					<p>A TTC foi definida como o uso de iECA associado a betabloqueadores e espironolactona, enquanto a TTM foi caracterizada pelo uso de S/V associado a betabloqueadores e espironolactona.</p>
					<p>Os pacientes foram agrupados conforme a terapia tríplice utilizada previamente ao implante e mantida durante todo o período de seguimento. Dessa forma, formaram-se 2 grupos: um composto por pacientes em uso contínuo de TTC e outro por pacientes em uso contínuo de TTM.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Critérios de inclusão</title>
					<p>Foram incluídos pacientes com idade superior a 18 anos, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) (FEVE) ≤ 35%, dissincronia interventricular com QRS ≥ 150 ms, classe funcional II ou III da <italic>New York Heart Association</italic> (NYHA), e que estivessem em uso de TTC ou TTM no momento do implante de TRC.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Critérios de exclusão</title>
					<p>Foram excluídos pacientes que, por qualquer motivo durante o seguimento, tiveram suspensão de quaisquer medicamentos da TTC ou TTM utilizados no início do estudo, que iniciaram uso de inibidor do cotransportador sódio-glicose tipo 2 (iSGLT2) ou que migraram entre os grupos (TTC para TTM ou vice-versa).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Fluxo de admissão, logística e formas de seguimento</title>
					<p>Os pacientes foram admitidos no hospital provenientes de outros nosocômios ou encaminhados por ambulatórios externos. Após a avaliação e indicação para implante de TRC, os candidatos foram alocados de acordo com a terapia medicamentosa em uso (TTC ou TTM). O seguimento foi realizado pela equipe multidisciplinar (enfermeiro, assistente social, farmacêutico e psicólogo), por meio de contato telefônico e aplicativos de mensagem a cada 30 dias, e presencialmente a cada 6 meses ou em consultas com o médico assistente na instituição.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Coleta de dados e variáveis de interesse</title>
					<p>As variáveis clínicas avaliadas incluíram: medicações em uso prévio, classe funcional pela NYHA, comorbidades, etiologia da IC e dados antropométricos. Os exames de imagem consistiram em ecocardiograma transtorácico realizado há menos de 1 ano da admissão, priorizando-se a FEVE obtida pelo método de Simpson (apical 4 e 2 câmaras). Também foram considerados os laudos eletrocardiográficos (ECG) que embasaram a indicação de TRC, classificando o distúrbio de condução como BRE nativo, BRE induzido por marcapasso ou cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI), ou ausência de BRE. Independentemente do tipo de bloqueio, o QRS deveria ser ≥ 150 ms.</p>
					<p>Os dados laboratoriais de interesse incluíram creatinina sérica e a taxa de filtração glomerular estimada pelo escore CKD-EPI, colhidos até 24 horas antes do implante.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Desfecho</title>
					<p>Mortalidade por todas as causas com seguimento mínimo de 1 ano.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Análise estatística</title>
					<p>A normalidade das variáveis contínuas foi avaliada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. As variáveis com distribuição normal foram expressas por média e desvio-padrão e comparadas pelo teste t de Student não pareado. As variáveis com distribuição não normal foram descritas por mediana e intervalo interquartil, sendo comparadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas como frequências absolutas e percentuais, e comparadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado. A curva de Kaplan-Meier foi utilizada para estimar a sobrevida, com comparação entre os grupos realizada pelo teste de log-rank. Para a análise multivariada, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão de Cox, incluindo variáveis com associação potencial com o desfecho (p &lt; 0,1). O nível de significância adotado foi p &lt; 0,05. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versão 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., EUA).</p>
					<p>O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição, conforme a Resolução nº 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, e todos os procedimentos seguiram os princípios da Declaração de Helsinque.</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>Resultados</title>
				<p>Entre 2017 e 2022, foram admitidos 425 pacientes, dos quais 58 (11,6%) foram excluídos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura Central</xref>). As exclusões ocorreram ao longo do período de seguimento, que teve duração média de 58 (±8) meses. Entre os pacientes excluídos, 32 (55%) foram retirados devido à modificação da prescrição médica de TTC para TTM, 15 (26%) devido à introdução de iSGLT2 na prescrição, e 11 (19%) por descontinuação, por qualquer motivo, de pelo menos uma das classes de fármacos da terapia tríplice iniciada.</p>
				<p>Dos 367 pacientes incluídos na análise final, 286 (78%) estavam em uso de TTC e 81 (22%) de TTM. Os dados clínicos basais estão apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1002">Tabela 1</xref>, com predominância do sexo masculino (57%), idade média de 61 (±12) anos, etiologia mais prevalente sendo a Doença de Chagas (34,3%) e FEVE média de 26% (±4).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t1002">
						<label>Tabela 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Características clínicas e demográficas dos pacientes submetidos ao implante de TRC, segundo o tipo de terapia utilizada</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="left">Variável</th>
									<th>TTC (n = 286)</th>
									<th>TTM (n = 81)</th>
									<th>Valor p</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td>Sexo masculino, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">165 (57,7%)</td>
									<td align="center">44 (54,3%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,590</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Idade, média (±DP)</td>
									<td align="center">61 (±12)</td>
									<td align="center">61 (±12)</td>
									<td align="center">0,963</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Classe funcional NYHA II, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">106 (37,0%)</td>
									<td align="center">29 (35,8%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,836</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Classe funcional NYHA III, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">180 (63,0%)</td>
									<td align="center">52 (64,2%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,872</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Implante de TRC-D, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">186 (65,0%)</td>
									<td align="center">53 (65,4%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,948</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>BRE nativo, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">163 (57,0%)</td>
									<td align="center">50 (61,7%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,445</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>BRE induzido (upgrade), n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">63 (22,0%)</td>
									<td align="center">18 (22,2%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,330</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Sem BRE, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">60 (21,0%)</td>
									<td align="center">13 (16,1%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,813</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Hipertensão arterial sistêmica, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">213 (74,5%)</td>
									<td align="center">56 (69,1%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,339</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Diabetes mellitus, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">91 (31,8%)</td>
									<td align="center">27 (33,3%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,797</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>FA, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">61 (21,3%)</td>
									<td align="center">11 (13,6%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,090</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Infarto do miocárdio prévio, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">57 (20,0%)</td>
									<td align="center">12 (14,8%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,270</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Acidente vascular cerebral prévio, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">47 (16,4%)</td>
									<td align="center">13 (16,1%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,934</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">18 (6,3%)</td>
									<td align="center">8 (9,9%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,268</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Etiologia chagásica, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">105 (36,7%)</td>
									<td align="center">21 (26,0%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,059</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Etiologia isquêmica, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">46 (16,0%)</td>
									<td align="center">11 (13,6%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,571</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Miocardite, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">41 (14,3%)</td>
									<td align="center">12 (14,8%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,615</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Outras etiologias conhecidas, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">94 (32,9%)</td>
									<td align="center">44 (54,3%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,036</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Uso de digoxina, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">57 (20,0%)</td>
									<td align="center">15 (18,5%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,776</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Uso de furosemida, n (%)</td>
									<td align="center">230 (80,4%)</td>
									<td align="center">61 (75,3%)</td>
									<td align="center">0,343</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Índice de massa corporal, média (±DP)</td>
									<td align="center">24 (±4)</td>
									<td align="center">24 (±5)</td>
									<td align="center">0,448</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>FEVE, média (±DP)</td>
									<td align="center">26% (±6)</td>
									<td align="center">25% (±6)</td>
									<td align="center">0,703</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Taxa de filtração glomerular, média (±DP)</td>
									<td align="center">69 (±25)</td>
									<td align="center">67 (±25)</td>
									<td align="center">0,997</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Escore MAGGIC, média (±DP)</td>
									<td align="center">15,5 (±8,6)</td>
									<td align="center">16,2 (±8,6)</td>
									<td align="center">0,444</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN1002">
								<p>FA: fibrilação atrial; TRC: terapia de ressincronização cardíaca; TTC: terapia tríplice convencional; TTM: terapia tríplice moderna; BRE: bloqueio de ramo esquerdo; NYHA: New York Heart Association; FEVE: fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo; MAGGIC: Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>A mortalidade geral foi de 62 pacientes (16,9%), sendo 59 (21%) no grupo TTC e apenas 3 (3,7%) no grupo TTM (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 1</xref>), com diferença estatisticamente significativa (log-rank, p = 0,001).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Curva de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier dos pacientes submetidos ao implante de TRC, em uso de TTC com iECA versus TTM com S/V. TRC: terapia de ressincronização cardíaca; TTC: terapia tríplice convencional; TTM: terapia tríplice moderna; iECA: inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina; S/V: Sacubitril/Valsartana.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-5-2-e20250003-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>Na análise multivariada, o uso de TTC foi identificado como preditor independente de mortalidade (HR 5,83; IC 95% 1,81-18,70; p = 0,003), enquanto os pacientes em uso de TTM apresentaram proteção significativa contra o desfecho (HR 0,71; IC 95% 0,44-0,67; p = 0,002), (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2002">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t2002">
						<label>Tabela 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Análise univariada e multivariada da mortalidade por todas as causas entre os pacientes submetidos ao implante de TRC, segundo a terapia utilizada</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="left">Variável</th>
									<th>HR (IC 95%) – Análise univariada</th>
									<th>p</th>
									<th>HR (IC 95%) – Análise multivariada</th>
									<th>Valor p</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td>Em uso de TTC</td>
									<td align="center">1,27 (1,17-1,39)</td>
									<td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
									<td align="center">5,83 (1,81-18,70)</td>
									<td align="center">0,003</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Em uso de TTM</td>
									<td align="center">0,18 (0,06-0,58)</td>
									<td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
									<td align="center">0,71 (0,44-0,67)</td>
									<td align="center">0,002</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Classe funcional NYHA II</td>
									<td align="center">0,61 (0,38-0,97)</td>
									<td align="center">0,030</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Etiologia chagásica</td>
									<td align="center">1,81 (1,37-2,41)</td>
									<td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Miocardite</td>
									<td align="center">0,29 (0,09-0,91)</td>
									<td align="center">0,017</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>FA</td>
									<td align="center">2,30 (1,52-3,49)</td>
									<td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>BRE induzido (upgrade)</td>
									<td align="center">1,58 (1,03-2,42)</td>
									<td align="center">0,046</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>BRE nativo</td>
									<td align="center">0,62 (0,45-0,86)</td>
									<td align="center">0,001</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Sem BRE</td>
									<td align="center">1,47 (0,94-2,31)</td>
									<td align="center">0,124</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Escore MAGGIC</td>
									<td align="center">1,33 (1,01-1,97)</td>
									<td align="center">0,005</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>FEVE</td>
									<td align="center">1,14 (0,84-1,85)</td>
									<td align="center">0,235</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
									<td align="center">—</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN2002">
								<p>FA: fibrilação atrial; TRC: terapia de ressincronização cardíaca; TTC: terapia tríplice convencional; TTM: terapia tríplice moderna; NYHA: New York Heart Association; BRE: bloqueio de ramo esquerdo; FEVE: fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo; MAGGIC: Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure; —: Variável não incluída no modelo multivariado.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>Nossa coorte apresentou achados relevantes. Após análise multivariada, observou-se que os pacientes submetidos ao implante de TRC em uso de TTM com S/V apresentaram proteção significativa contra o desfecho primário, enquanto aqueles em uso de TTC tiveram risco aumentado de mortalidade.</p>
				<p>A elegibilidade para novas terapias na população com dispositivos é pouco explorada na literatura, mas mostra-se promissora, apesar da escassez de estudos específicos. A otimização da terapia medicamentosa é viável por diversos motivos: eficácia e segurança dos fármacos, respaldo nas diretrizes clínicas e, no contexto brasileiro, a disponibilidade gratuita por meio de portarias governamentais. O estudo PARADIGM-HF (<italic>Prospective Comparison of ARNI With ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure</italic>), que comparou S/V ao enalapril, foi interrompido precocemente devido à superioridade do primeiro, com redução significativa na mortalidade por todas as causas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Apesar do elevado nível de evidência e das recomendações de diretrizes internacionais, a TTM permanece subutilizada. Em nossa amostra, a taxa de pacientes que mantiveram o uso de TTM foi de 114 (26%), valor semelhante ao relatado na literatura, que varia entre 23% e 44%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Até o momento, nenhum estudo prospectivo avaliou a mortalidade de pacientes submetidos à TRC em uso de TTC versus TTM. Uma revisão sistemática com 38 estudos avaliou a otimização terapêutica e os desfechos clínicos após implante de TRC (n = 27 estudos), com tamanhos amostrais variando de 50 a 7.932 pacientes e seguimento médio entre 6 e 70 meses. Dentre esses, apenas 1 estudo retrospectivo francês (n = 243) relatou a frequência de uso da TTC, enquanto o uso de S/V foi documentado entre 23% e 44% dos pacientes com TRC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Observou-se também uma tendência a maior incidência de fibrilação atrial (FA) no grupo em uso de TTC, em comparação ao grupo TTM (21,3% vs. 13,5%; p = 0,09). Embora essa diferença não tenha atingido significância estatística e a FA não tenha se mostrado um preditor independente de mortalidade na análise multivariada, este achado merece destaque, dada a sua relevância clínica. A presença de FA tem sido associada, em diversos estudos, à menor resposta à TRC, o que pode, ao menos em parte, contribuir para os desfechos observados neste estudo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> A FA de início recente ou persistente está associada à menor remodelação reversa do VE e à menor melhora da fração de ejeção após a TRC. Além disso, a presença de FA aumenta o risco de eventos adversos, como choques inapropriados do cardiodesfibrilador e hospitalizações por IC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
				<p>De forma semelhante, a etiologia chagásica apresentou uma frequência numericamente maior no grupo TTC em comparação ao grupo TTM (36,7% vs. 26,0%; p = 0,059), com tendência à significância estatística. Embora não tenha se configurado como preditor independente de mortalidade na análise multivariada, esse achado é relevante, considerando o impacto clínico da doença de Chagas em pacientes com IC. A cardiomiopatia chagásica (CMC) costuma apresentar características ECG e estruturais peculiares que podem influenciar negativamente a resposta à TRC. Em estudo de coorte, pacientes com CMC apresentaram risco 2 vezes maior de morte quando comparados àqueles com miocardiopatia dilatada. Além disso, esses pacientes também demonstraram resposta inferior à TRC, tanto em termos de melhora da capacidade funcional quanto de remodelamento ventricular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> A presença de arritmias ventriculares, comum na CMC, representa um desafio adicional, estando associada a altas taxas de terapias apropriadas por cardiodesfibriladores implantáveis e à ocorrência de tempestades elétricas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Apesar da menor mortalidade observada no grupo em uso de TTM com S/V, é importante destacar que uma parcela expressiva dos pacientes não atingiu a dose-alvo da medicação. Entre os 75 pacientes submetidos ao implante de TRC em uso de S/V, apenas 18 (24%) faziam uso da dose plena (200 mg/dia), enquanto a maioria utilizava doses intermediárias (100 mg/dia em 35 pacientes) ou iniciais (50 mg/dia em 22 pacientes). Entre o 6º e o 12º mês de seguimento, dos 73 pacientes que permaneciam em uso de S/V, apenas 16 (21,9%) mantinham a dose de 200 mg/dia; 42 (57,5%) estavam em uso de 100 mg/dia e 15 (20,5%) em 50 mg/dia. Esses dados sugerem que, mesmo em doses submáximas, a TTM esteve associada a melhores desfechos, o que indica benefício clínico mesmo sem a otimização plena da dose. Por outro lado, os achados refletem as dificuldades enfrentadas no “mundo real” para se atingir a dose-alvo, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias que favoreçam a titulação gradual e segura do ARNi, sempre que possível, a fim de potencializar seus efeitos terapêuticos.</p>
				<p>Um estudo que avaliou especificamente a elegibilidade para o uso de S/V em pacientes com dispositivos implantáveis demonstrou que uma proporção significativa (43% a 72%) dos pacientes seria elegível para troca do iECA por S/V. Em função da progressão dos sintomas (classe funcional NYHA IV), aproximadamente metade (17% a 32%) dos pacientes continuava elegível para uso de TTM. Além disso, 18% dos pacientes desenvolveram indicação para introdução do ARNi durante o seguimento, destacando a importância de reavaliar periodicamente a terapia medicamentosa antes e após o implante do dispositivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Além do ARNi, as diretrizes atuais também recomendam a associação dos iSGLT2, cuja combinação demonstrou reduzir ainda mais a morbimortalidade em pacientes com ICFEr.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Diretrizes recentemente atualizadas do <italic>American College of Cardiology</italic> e da <italic>Canadian Cardiovascular Society</italic> passaram a recomendar a chamada terapia quádrupla (ARNi, betabloqueador, antagonista dos receptores de mineralocorticoides e iSGLT2).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> No entanto, é importante destacar que, nos ensaios clínicos que demonstraram a eficácia desses medicamentos, poucos pacientes apresentavam indicação para TRC. Dessa forma, não há evidência robusta que respalde o uso obrigatório dessas medicações antes da consideração para TRC.</p>
				<p>Apesar dos esforços para minimizar os vieses, permanecem limitações inerentes ao delineamento observacional e unicêntrico do estudo, as quais podem comprometer sua validade externa. Adicionalmente, trata-se de um estudo não randomizado com amostra de conveniência, embora composta por um número significativo de pacientes com características clínicas semelhantes entre os grupos. Outro ponto relevante é o viés temporal, uma vez que não foi possível registrar o tempo prévio de uso da TTC ou da TTM antes da inclusão no estudo.</p>
				<p>Por fim, a menor mortalidade por todas as causas observada entre os pacientes com ICFEr em uso de TTM, em comparação àqueles em uso de TTC, sugere um possível benefício da inclusão do ARNi como parte da terapia otimizada nesses pacientes. Contudo, é fundamental destacar que este é um estudo observacional, unicêntrico e não randomizado, portanto sujeito a diversos vieses. Assim, os resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela, e novos estudos, com metodologia mais robusta, serão necessários para confirmar de forma definitiva o impacto dessa estratégia terapêutica. A manutenção da terapia otimizada — incluindo o ARNi, quando indicado — mesmo após o implante da TRC, pode representar uma abordagem clínica benéfica. No entanto, sua aplicação deve ser individualizada e pautada em avaliação criteriosa caso a caso.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>O uso precoce e mantido da TTM com S/V foi associado à redução significativa do risco de mortalidade em pacientes com ICFEr submetidos ao implante de TRC.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Vinculação acadêmica:</label>
					<p> Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Aprovação ética e consentimento informado:</label>
					<p> Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Ana Nery sob o número de protocolo 5.825.148. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo estão de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes incluídos no estudo.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
					<label>Fontes de financiamento:</label>
					<p> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>