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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2764-3107</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20250012i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Reversal of Type 2 Pulmonary Hypertension after Levosimendan: A Challenging Approach Bringing New Insights</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-6787-814X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bernardi</surname>
						<given-names>Helena Garcia Betinardi</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0207-3986</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Belfort</surname>
						<given-names>Deborah de Sá Pereira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7617-5726</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Biselli</surname>
						<given-names>Bruno</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9566-4293</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Chizzola</surname>
						<given-names>Paulo Roberto</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-2717-4130</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Munhoz</surname>
						<given-names>Robinson Tadeu</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9271-8233</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Ayub-Ferreira</surname>
						<given-names>Silvia M.</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9204-485X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bocchi</surname>
						<given-names>Edimar Alcides</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Clínicas </institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de São Paulo</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Coração</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital do Coração (Hcor), São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label>Helena Garcia Betinardi Bernardi • Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo – Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05508-900, São Paulo, SP – BrazilE-mail: <email>helenagbbernardi@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potential conflict of interest:</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p> Luis Beck-da-Silva</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>30</day>
				<month>04</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>04</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>5</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20250012</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>07</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>23</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>23</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<p>Among the inotropic agents used in the management of heart failure, levosimendan, in particular, has a selective venodilator property that appears to explain its clinical benefit during pulmonary hypertension (PH). Most of the evidence refers to patients with group 2 PH and consequent right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. In this scenario, the observed benefits may be due to the effect of levosimendan on RV contractility and pulmonary vessel dilation, or to the improvement of left ventricular function and consequent reduction of pulmonary congestion. What we have noticed is that more and more studies are being done on this action and applicability of the drug, appearing in small studies, reviews and formal indications.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Pulmonary Hypertension</kwd>
				<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
				<kwd>Heart Transplantation</kwd>
				<kwd>Simendan</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="4"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="7"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>We know that patients with advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) often have a reduced tolerance to disease-modifying agents, and inotropes are frequently used in emergency and intensive care settings for recovery of organ dysfunction and hemodynamic compensation, as well as in outpatient and palliative settings to improve symptoms and reduce hospitalizations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Among the inotropic agents, new indications for the use of levosimendan have been discussed, such as its use in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Its action results in an increase in cardiac contractility through sensitization to calcium and promotes vasodilation through the opening of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<sec>
				<title>Case Description</title>
				<p>Female patient, 61 years old, with advanced HF of ischemic etiology that began in 2018, history of hospitalization in 2022 for decompensated HFrEF in profile C. She evolved in INTERMACS 3, compensated with dobutamine, euvolemic, and then underwent evaluation for a heart transplant (Tx). Right heart catheterization was performed (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>) with prohibitive values for conventional orthotopic Tx due to fixed PH. The etiology of PH was investigated, angiotomography was negative for pulmonary thromboembolism, and PH group 2 + 3 was assigned due to a previous history of significant smoking and obstructive sleep apnea, confirmed by polysomnography. With no possibility of HeartMate 3 implantation at the time, it was then decided to perform levosimendan to wean off dobutamine and the possibility of hospital discharge for outpatient follow-up with the HF group. Levosimendan was started in a day hospital, 0.05 mcg/kg/min in 30 minutes and then 0.1 mcg/kg/min for 4 hours and repeated every 3 to 4 weeks or as per clinical evaluation, with significant improvement in symptoms, maintaining NYHA II outpatient functional class, using optimized drug treatment and undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. While undergoing treatment, she was hospitalized in November/2023 for evaluation of a ventricular assist device; the patient repeated right catheterization (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>), showing improvement in gradients and pulmonary resistance, showing improvement in pulmonary vascular resistance, being listed for orthotopic heart transplantation on 05/28/24. The patient continues outpatient follow-up, listed and active on the heart transplant waiting list, without prioritization, maintaining intermittent levosimendan infusion when necessary, and cardiac rehabilitation.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f01">
						<label>Figure 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Right Heart Catheterization: 11/01/2022.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-5-1-e20250012-gf01.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02">
						<label>Figure 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Right Heart Catheterization: 12/06/2023.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-5-1-e20250012-gf02.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>Although levosimendan is a potentially favorable agent in the treatment of PH and associated pulmonary vascular resistance, there is little data on its use in patients with PH who are contraindicated for cardiac Tx due to prohibitive hemodynamic values due to the risk of RV dysfunction. Marked reductions in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and improvements in pulmonary circulation have long been recognized as hallmarks of levosimendan during intravenous administration in acute and advanced HF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Furthermore, results from preclinical investigations have suggested that levosimendan may reduce right ventricular afterload by relaxing pulmonary arteries and alleviate pulmonary edema by pulmonary venodilation. The safety and efficacy of a repeated weekly intravenous infusion of the levosimendan formulation was tested in a 2021 study in patients with stable PH and HF with preserved ejection fraction, where initial data also implied favorable vascular and clinical responses. Interestingly, reductions in PCWP and central venous pressure have been demonstrated in the absence of systemic or pulmonary arterial vasodilation or changes in cardiac index.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>In the above report, it is clear that the drug’s action falls far short of what is proposed in its routine use: weaning from short-term inotropic drugs and control of symptoms on an outpatient basis. There is a lack of conclusive randomized trials in this field. Several other studies have examined this issue, but with a heterogeneous population, small sample sizes, and inconclusive or even conflicting results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>Reports like this allow us to expand hypotheses, as well as clinical applicability, change perspectives and project new studies. Above all, they allow the possibility of changing the patient’s destiny.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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					<volume>9</volume>
					<issue>5</issue>
					<fpage>360</fpage>
					<lpage>370</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jchf.2021.01.015</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B7">
				<label>7</label>
				<mixed-citation>7. Pucci M, Severino P, Alfarano M, Calcagno S, Ceccacci A, Salvi N, et al. Hemodynamic Effects of Levosimendan in Patients with Reactive Pulmonary Hypertension. JACC. 2018;71(Suppl 11):A756. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(18)31297-X.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Pucci</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Severino</surname>
							<given-names>P</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Alfarano</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Calcagno</surname>
							<given-names>S</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ceccacci</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Salvi</surname>
							<given-names>N</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Hemodynamic Effects of Levosimendan in Patients with Reactive Pulmonary Hypertension</article-title>
					<source>JACC</source>
					<year>2018</year>
					<volume>71</volume>
					<supplement>Suppl 11</supplement>
					<size units="pages">A756</size>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0735-1097(18)31297-X</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Study association:</label>
				<p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Ethics approval and consent to participate:</label>
				<p> This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
				<label>Sources of funding:</label>
				<p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20250012</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Reversão de Hipertensão Pulmonar Tipo 2 após o Uso de Levosimendan: Uma Abordagem Desafiadora Trazendo Novas Perspectivas</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-6787-814X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bernardi</surname>
						<given-names>Helena Garcia Betinardi</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados e Redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0207-3986</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Belfort</surname>
						<given-names>Deborah de Sá Pereira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7617-5726</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Biselli</surname>
						<given-names>Bruno</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9566-4293</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Chizzola</surname>
						<given-names>Paulo Roberto</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-2717-4130</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Munhoz</surname>
						<given-names>Robinson Tadeu</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9271-8233</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Ayub-Ferreira</surname>
						<given-names>Silvia M.</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9204-485X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bocchi</surname>
						<given-names>Edimar Alcides</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital do Coração (Hcor), São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">
					<label>Correspondência</label>:Helena Garcia Betinardi Bernardi • Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP – Brasil E-mail: helenagbbernardi@gmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potencial conflito de interesse:</label>
					<p>Não há conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p> Luis Beck-da-Silva</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumo</title>
				<p>Dentre os inotrópicos utilizados no manejo de insuficiência cardíaca, o levosimendan, em particular, possui uma propriedade venodilatadora seletiva que parece explicar seu benefício clínico durante a hipertensão pulmonar (HP). A maioria das evidências se refere a pacientes com HP do grupo 2 e consequente disfunção do ventrículo direito (VD). Neste cenário, os benefícios observados podem ser devido ao efeito do levosimendan na contratilidade do VD e na dilatação dos vasos pulmonares, ou à melhora da função ventricular esquerda e consequente redução da congestão pulmonar. O que percebemos é que cada vez se estuda mais sobre essa ação e aplicabilidade da droga, aparecendo em pequenos estudos, revisões e indicações formais.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Hipertensão Pulmonar</kwd>
				<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca</kwd>
				<kwd>Transplante Cardíaco</kwd>
				<kwd>Levosimendan</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>Sabemos que os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFEr) avançada muitas vezes têm uma tolerância reduzida a agentes modificadores da doença e os inotrópicos são frequentemente usados em cenários de emergência e terapia intensiva para recuperação de disfunção orgânica e compensação hemodinâmica, além de cenários ambulatoriais e paliativos para melhorar sintomas e reduzir hospitalizações.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Dentre os inotrópicos, novas indicações do uso do levosimendan vêm sendo discutidas, como sua utilização em pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar (HP). Sua atuação acarreta um aumento da contratilidade cardíaca por meio da sensibilização ao cálcio e promove a vasodilatação por meio da abertura dos canais de potássio dependentes de trifosfato de adenosina nas células musculares lisas vasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
				<sec>
					<title>Descrição do Caso</title>
					<p>Paciente sexo feminino, 61 anos, portadora de IC avançada de etiologia isquêmica com início em 2018, história de internação em 2022 por ICFEr descompensada em perfil C. Evoluiu em INTERMACS 3, compensada às custas de dobutamina, euvolêmica e então realizado avaliação para transplante (Tx) cardíaco. Feito cateterismo cardíaco direito (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref>) com valores proibitivos para realização de Tx ortotópico convencional devido HP fixa. Investigado etiologia da HP, angiotomografia negativa para tromboembolismo pulmonar, atribuída HP grupo 2 + 3 devido história prévia de tabagismo importante e apneia obstrutiva do sono, confirmada em polissonografia. Sem possibilidade de implante de HeartMate 3 no momento, optou-se então pela realização de levosimendan para desmame de dobutamina e possibilidade de alta hospitalar para seguimento ambulatorial com o grupo de IC. Iniciou Levosimendan em hospital de dia, 0,05 mcg/kg/min em 30 minutos e após 0,1 mcg/kg/min por 4 horas e repetida a cada 3 a 4 semanas ou conforme avaliação clínica, com melhora importante de sintomatologia, mantendo classe funcional ambulatorial NYHA II, em uso de tratamento medicamentoso otimizado e realizando reabilitação cardíaca. Em uso de tratamento foi internada em novembro/2023 para avaliação de dispositivo de assistência ventricular, paciente repetiu cateterismo direito (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2</xref>), evidenciando melhora dos gradientes e resistência pulmonar, mostrando melhora da resistência vascular pulmonar, sendo listada para transplante cardíaco ortotópico em 28/05/24. Paciente segue acompanhamento ambulatorial, listada e ativa em fila de transplante cardíaco, sem priorização, mantendo infusão de levosimendan intermitente quando necessário e reabilitação cardíaca.</p>
					<p>
						<fig id="f01002">
							<label>Figura 1</label>
							<caption>
								<title>Cateterismo Cardíaco Direito: 01/11/2022.</title>
							</caption>
							<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-5-1-e20250012-gf01-pt.tif"/>
						</fig>
					</p>
					<p>
						<fig id="f02002">
							<label>Figura 2</label>
							<caption>
								<title>Cateterismo Cardíaco Direito: 06/12/2023.</title>
							</caption>
							<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-5-1-e20250012-gf02-pt.tif"/>
						</fig>
					</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>Embora o levosimendan seja um agente potencialmente favorável no tratamento da HP e da resistência vascular pulmonar associada, existem poucos dados sobre o seu uso em pacientes com HP contraindicados ao Tx cardíaco devido a valores hemodinâmicos proibitivos por risco de disfunção de ventrículo direito. Reduções marcantes na pressão capilar pulmonar (PCP) e melhorias na circulação pulmonar foram reconhecidas há muito tempo como marcas registradas do levosimendan durante administrações intravenosas em IC aguda e avançada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Além disso, os resultados de investigações pré-clínicas sugeriram que o levosimendan pode reduzir a pós-carga ventricular direita relaxando as artérias pulmonares e aliviar o edema pulmonar pela venodilatação pulmonar. A segurança e eficácia de uma infusão intravenosa semanal repetida da formulação de levosimendan foi testada em um estudo de 2021 em pacientes com HP estável e IC com fração de ejeção preservada, onde os dados iniciais também implicaram respostas vasculares e clínicas favoráveis. Curiosamente, reduções de PCP e pressão venosa central foram demonstradas na ausência de vasodilatação arterial sistêmica ou pulmonar, ou alterações no índice cardíaco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
				<p>No relato acima, se nota a ação da droga muito aquém do que proposto em seu uso rotineiro: desmame de inotrópico de curta duração e controle de sintomas a nível ambulatorial. Faltam ensaios randomizados conclusivos neste campo. Vários outros estudos examinaram esta questão, mas com uma população heterogênea, amostras pequenas, e resultados inconclusivos ou mesmo conflitantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>Relatos como este, permitem ampliar hipóteses, além de aplicabilidade clínica, mudança de perspectivas e projeção de novos estudos. Sobretudo, permitem a possibilidade de mudar o destino do paciente.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Vinculação acadêmica:</label>
					<p> Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Aprovação ética e consentimento informado:</label>
					<p> Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
					<label>Fontes de financiamento:</label>
					<p> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>