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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2764-3107</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20240053i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated With A Novel Truncated Filamin C Variant Mimicking Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Diagnostic Challenge</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-8846-2297</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sousa</surname>
						<given-names>Kelson Kemuel Confessor de</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4225-0521</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Maia</surname>
						<given-names>Ferdinand Gilbert Saraiva da Silva</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3883-2780</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Diniz</surname>
						<given-names>Rosiane Viana Zuza</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-5134-2865</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Costa</surname>
						<given-names>Carla Karini R. A.</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-1221-8418</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Costa</surname>
						<given-names>Beatriz Andrade da</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8505-3950</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mastrocola</surname>
						<given-names>Fabio</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">UFRN</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Natal</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RN</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes - UFRN, Natal, RN – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Clínica Natalcor</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Natal</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RN</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Clínica Natalcor, Natal, RN – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label>Kelson Kemuel Confessor de Sousa • Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes – Av Nilo Peçanha, 620. Postal Code 59012-300, Petrópolis, Natal, RN – Brazil E-mail: <email>kelsonkemuel@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potential conflict of interest:</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p> Humberto Villacorta</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>28</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>5</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20240053</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>31</day>
					<month>08</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>12</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>22</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Dilated Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
				<kwd>Genetic Testing</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiac Arrhythmias</kwd>
				<kwd>Amyloidosis</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="4"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="9"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Filamins interconnect actin filaments and form a broad network in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells by anchoring membrane proteins to the cytoskeleton. Filamin C, encoded by the FLNC gene, is one of three filamin-related proteins and binds to several proteins in the Z-disc of the sarcomere. Mutations in FLNC were initially associated with skeletal myofibrillar myopathy but are now recognized as associated with dilated and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy phenotypes, with autosomal dominant inheritance and an estimated penetrance of 92–97%,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> and are included in the genetic screening of patients with arrhythmogenic heart disease and sudden cardiac death. The prevalence of pathogenic FLNC variants is 1–4.5% among patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and up to 6% in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>We describe the case of a patient with a novel truncated variant in the filamin C gene with a DCM phenotype who, during clinical follow-up and etiological investigation, presented imaging exams mimicking cardiac amyloidosis.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="cases">
			<title>Case presentation</title>
			<p>A 41-year-old man with no relevant cardiovascular history was diagnosed with heart failure after being hospitalized for pneumonia. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed significant left ventricular enlargement with moderate systolic dysfunction. A 24-hour Holter monitor showed frequent ventricular extrasystoles and some episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. A first-degree cousin had idiopathic DCM and died suddenly at the age of 48.</p>
			<p>Myocardial scintigraphy and serology ruled out ischemic or chagasic involvement, respectively. Initial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) showed fibrosis of a midcardiac/non-ischemic pattern and significant systolic dysfunction (LVEF 23%), compatible with a DCM phenotype. During clinical follow-up, a new transthoracic echocardiogram showed septal hyperrefringence, and a second CMRI (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>) demonstrated discrete diffuse subendocardial enhancement, suggesting cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Despite the lack of clinical history or phenotype compatible with CA, the patient underwent <sup>99m</sup>Tc pyrophosphate scintigraphy (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>), which demonstrated, to our surprise, uptake of the radiopharmaceutical Perugini 3 and, in the quantitative analysis, a myocardial ROI/contralateral ROI ratio of 1.63. There was a limitation in the investigation of CA associated with light chains (AL), although the natural evolution of the disease over the years was against the possibility of cardiac involvement by CA in its AL form. Further investigation showed normal electroneuromyography and negative salivary gland biopsy. Given this enigmatic case, the next step was to perform a genetic evaluation. The patient underwent a genetic panel to investigate cardiomyopathies in 2021, revealing a new variant in the filamin C gene: c.3937C&gt;T (p.Arg1313*).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Cardiac magnetic resonance image with diffuse subendocardial delayed enhancement pattern of the LV, suggestive of cardiac amyloidosis.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-05-01-e20240053-gf01.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Myocardial scintigraphy image with pyrophosphate-99mTc with Perugini 3 uptake.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-05-01-e20240053-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>Since 2021, only two other reports have been included in Clinvar<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> of the c.3937 C&gt;T variant (pp. Arg.1313*) as associated with DCM or cardiovascular-related disease. However, it is not included in the Exoma Sequencing Project (ExAC) or The Genome Aggregation Database (GnomAD)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> databases. This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected by conditions related to FLNC. Furthermore, this is also the first case of a variant in the FLNC gene in which imaging tests suggest transthyretin CA.</p>
			<p>The patient presented a DCM phenotype with arrhythmic episodes, but the CMRI findings revealed a diffuse subendocardial late enhancement pattern, suggesting the hypothesis of CA. Although the DCM phenotype is unusual among patients with CA, present only in late and advanced stages of the disease, and the patient’s age at diagnosis and clinical course were also poorly compatible with the diagnosis of CA, whether associated with the AL form or TTR, the pattern observed in the CMR is unequivocal. Furthermore, myocardial scintigraphy with pyrophosphate - <sup>99m</sup>Tc showed myocardial uptake higher than the costal arches. Only with the genetic test was it possible to define the etiology of DCM associated with FLNC.</p>
			<p>Truncated variants in the FLNC gene are defined as alterations that introduce a stop code into the protein sequence (nonsense or frameshift) or that may alter the splicing process, resulting in a dysfunctional or disruptive protein.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>In terms of clinical manifestations, patients with truncated variants of FLNC present dyspnea on exertion and palpitations as the most frequent symptoms. They usually present a phenotype of ventricular dilation associated with left ventricular dysfunction and, to a lesser extent, biventricular dysfunction. On electrocardiogram, they present nonspecific findings such as T wave inversion mainly in left precordial leads.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The presence of non-ischemic myocardial fibrosis on magnetic resonance imaging is another finding identified in these patients. The most frequently found pattern was a subepicardial ring-shaped delayed enhancement located in the infero-posterolateral region.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Another relevant aspect of patients with FLNC is the greater probability of suffering some arrhythmic event or even sudden death, with the phenotype of left-sided arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy being described in these patients. Patients with NCFL did not present a lower risk of sudden cardiac death or major arrhythmic events compared to patients with pathogenic variants in the laminin A/C and desmin genes, established models of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, which demonstrates their arrhythmogenic potential. It is important to emphasize that the presence of left ventricular dysfunction does not correlate with a higher risk of sudden death among patients with NCFL.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Thus, since 2019, truncated variants of filamin C have been among the genes responsible for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in the Heart Rhythm Society guidelines and are even considered a high-risk marker for sudden death, with a specific recommendation for ICD implantation in patients with an identified variant and LVEF &lt;45% as primary prophylaxis for sudden death (class of recommendation IIa).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Unfortunately, genetic diagnosis for hereditary cardiovascular diseases is not available in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) or the supplementary health system. The private network provides the test at a high cost, which, combined with the lack of information and training in cardiogenomics, results in the underutilization of this test. In this sense, projects such as the National Cardiovascular Genomics Network (RENOMICA)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> are essential in making cardiovascular genetic testing available in the SUS, shedding light on the investigation of hereditary cardiomyopathies that, until recently, were considered to be of idiopathic etiology.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>We present the case of a patient with DCM associated with the c.3937C&gt;T (p.Arg1313*) variant of the filamin C gene and false-positive findings for CA-TTR. The integration of clinical data, family history, and genetic testing is essential for the correct diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of the patient.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ack>
			<title>Acknowledgments</title>
			<p>We want to thank all authors for their participation in the construction and management of this challenging case. Their contributions were essential for diagnostic elucidation.</p>
		</ack>
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			</ref>
		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Study association:</label>
				<p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Ethics approval and consent to participate:</label>
				<p> This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
				<label>Sources of funding:</label>
				<p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20240053</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Cardiomiopatia Dilatada Associada a Nova Variante Truncada da Filamina C Mimetizando Amiloidose Cardíaca: Um Desafio Diagnóstico</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-8846-2297</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sousa</surname>
						<given-names>Kelson Kemuel Confessor de</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4225-0521</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Maia</surname>
						<given-names>Ferdinand Gilbert Saraiva da Silva</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3883-2780</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Diniz</surname>
						<given-names>Rosiane Viana Zuza</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-5134-2865</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Costa</surname>
						<given-names>Carla Karini R. A.</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-1221-8418</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Costa</surname>
						<given-names>Beatriz Andrade da</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8505-3950</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mastrocola</surname>
						<given-names>Fabio</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes – UFRN, Natal, RN – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Clínica Natalcor, Natal, RN – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">
					<label>Correspondência:</label> Kelson Kemuel Confessor de Sous<bold>a</bold> Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes – Av Nilo Peçanha, 620. CEP 59012-300, Petrópolis, Natal, RN – Brasil E-mail: kelsonkemuel@gmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse:</label>
					<p>Não há conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p> Humberto Villacorta</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Cardiomiopatia Dilatada</kwd>
				<kwd>Testes Genéticos</kwd>
				<kwd>Arritmias Cardíacas</kwd>
				<kwd>Amiloidose</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>As filaminas interligam os filamentos de actina e formam uma ampla rede em células dos músculos cardíaco e esquelético ao ancorar proteínas de membrana ao citoesqueleto. A filamina C, codificada pelo gene FLNC, é uma das três proteínas relacionadas à filamina, e se liga a várias proteínas no disco Z do sarcômero. Mutações no FLNC foram inicialmente relacionadas a miopatia miofibrilar esquelética, mas atualmente são reconhecidas como associadas a fenótipos de cardiomiopatia dilatada (CMD) e arritmogênica, com herança autossômica dominante e penetrância estimada em 92-97%,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> e estão incluídas no rastreio genético de pacientes com cardiopatia arritmogênica e morte súbita. A prevalência de variantes patogênicas da FLNC é de 1–4,5% entre pacientes com CMD e até 6% em pacientes com cardiomiopatia arritmogênica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com uma nova variante truncada no gene da filamina C com fenótipo de CMD que, durante acompanhamento clínico e investigação etiológica, apresentou exames de imagem mimetizando amiloidose cardíaca.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Apresentação do caso</title>
				<p>Homem de 41 anos, sem histórico cardiovascular relevante, recebeu o diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca após internação hospitalar por pneumonia. Ecocardiograma transtorácico evidenciou aumento importante do ventrículo esquerdo com disfunção sistólica moderada. Holter de 24h com extrassístoles ventriculares frequentes e alguns episódios de taquicardia ventricular não-sustentada. Um primo de primeiro grau apresentou uma CMD idiopática, tendo sofrido morte súbita aos 48 anos.</p>
				<p>Exame de cintilografia miocárdica e sorologia descartaram acometimento isquêmico ou chagásico, respectivamente. Ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) inicial mostrou fibrose de padrão mesocárdico/não isquêmico e disfunção sistólica importante (FEVE 23%), compatível com fenótipo de CMD. Durante seguimento clínico, novo ecocardiograma transtorácico mostrou hiperrefringência septal e uma segunda RMC (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref>) demonstrou discreto realce subendocárdico difuso, sugerindo amiloidose cardíaca (AC). Apesar de não ter história clínica e nem fenótipo compatível com AC, o paciente fez uma cintilografia com pirofosfato - <sup>99m</sup>Tc (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2</xref>) que demonstrou, para nossa surpresa, captação do radiofármaco Perugini 3 e na análise quantitativa uma relação ROI miocárdico/ROI contralateral de 1,63. Houve limitação na investigação de AC associada a cadeias leves (AL), muito embora a própria evolução natural da doença ao longo de anos fosse contra a possibilidade de acometimento cardíaco pela AC na sua forma AL. Investigação adicional mostrou eletroneuromiografia normal e biópsia de glândula salivar negativa. Diante desse enigmático caso, o próximo passo foi a realização de uma avaliação genética. O paciente foi submetido a painel genético para investigação de cardiomiopatias no ano de 2021, revelando uma nova variante no gene da filamina C: a c.3937C&gt;T (p.Arg1313*).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Imagem de ressonância magnética cardíaca com padrão de realce tardio subendocárdico difuso do ventrículo esquerdo, sugestivo de amiloidose cardíaca.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-05-01-e20240053-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Imagem de cintilografia miocárdica com pirofostato- 99mTc com captação Perugini 3.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-05-01-e20240053-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>Desde 2021, apenas outras duas notificações constam no Clinvar<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> da variante c.3937 C&gt;T (pp. Arg.1313*) como associada a CMD ou doença relacionada a fenótipo cardiovascular. Entretanto, não consta no banco de dados do Exoma Sequencing Project (ExAC) ou no The Genome Aggregation Database (GnomAD).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Essa variante não foi relatada na literatura em indivíduos afetados por condições relacionadas à FLNC. Ademais, também é o primeiro caso de uma variante no gene da FLNC em que os exames de imagem sugerem AC por transtirretina.</p>
				<p>O paciente apresentava o fenótipo de CMD com presença de episódios arrítmicos, porém os achados de imagem na RMC revelavam padrão de realce tardio subendocárdico difuso, sugerindo a hipótese de AC. Embora o fenótipo de CMD não seja o usual entre os pacientes com AC, presente apenas em estágios finais e avançados de doença, e a idade do paciente ao diagnóstico e a evolução clínica também fossem pouco compatíveis com o diagnóstico de AC, seja associada a forma AL ou a TTR, o padrão observado na RMC é inequívoco. Ademais, exame de cintilografia miocárdica com pirofosfato - <sup>99m</sup>Tc, apresentou captação miocárdica superior aos arcos costais. Apenas com o teste genético foi possível a definição etiológica de CMD associada a FLNC.</p>
				<p>Variantes truncadas no gene da FLNC são definidas como alterações que introduzem um código de parada na sequência da proteína (nonsense ou frameshift) ou que possam alterar o processo de splicing, resultando numa proteína disfuncionante ou disruptiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Em termos de manifestações clínicas, pacientes carreadores de variantes truncadas da FLNC apresentam dispneia aos esforços e palpitações como sintomas mais frequentes. Normalmente, apresentam fenótipo de dilatação ventricular associado a disfunção ventricular esquerda e, em menor número, disfunção biventricular. Ao eletrocardiograma, apresentam achados inespecíficos como inversão da onda T principalmente em derivações precordiais esquerdas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A presença de fibrose miocárdica de padrão não isquêmico na ressonância magnética é outro achado identificado nesses pacientes. O padrão mais frequentemente encontrado foi o realce tardio subepicárdico em formato de anel, localizado na região ínfero-póstero-lateral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Outro aspecto relevante dos pacientes acometidos com FLNC é a maior probabilidade de sofrer algum evento arrítmico ou mesmo morte súbita, sendo descrito o fenótipo de cardiomiopatia arritmogênica de predominância esquerda nesses pacientes. Os pacientes com FLNC não apresentaram risco menor de morte súbita cardíaca ou evento arrítmico maior em relação a pacientes com variantes patogênicas no gene de laminina A/C e desmina, modelos estabelecidos de cardiomiopatia arritmogênica, o que demonstra seu potencial arritmogênico. Importante ressaltar, que a presença de disfunção ventricular esquerda não se correlaciona ao maior risco de morte súbita entre os pacientes com a FLNC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Assim, desde 2019 as variantes truncadas da filamina C figuram entre os genes responsáveis pela cardiomiopatia arritmogênica nas diretrizes da Heart Rhythm Society, sendo, inclusive, considerada marcador de alto risco para morte súbita, com recomendação específica de implante de CDI em pacientes com variante identificada e FEVE &lt; 45% como profilaxia primária de morte súbita (classe de recomendação IIa).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Infelizmente, o diagnóstico genético para doenças cardiovasculares hereditárias não está disponível no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) nem no sistema de saúde suplementar. A rede privada disponibiliza o exame a custos elevados, o que, associado à falta de informação e treinamento em cardiogenômica, resulta na subutilização deste exame. Nesse sentido, projetos como a Rede Nacional de Genômica Cardiovascular (RENOMICA)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> são fundamentais na disponibilização da testagem genética cardiovascular no SUS, lançando luz na investigação das cardiomiopatias hereditárias que, até algum tempo atrás, eram consideradas de etiologia idiopática.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com CMD associada a variante c.3937C&gt;T (p.Arg1313*) do gene da filamina C e achados falso-positivos para AC-TTR. A integração de dados clínicos, história familiar e teste genético é fundamental para o correto diagnóstico e avaliação prognóstica do paciente.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<ack>
				<title>Agradecimentos</title>
				<p>Agradecemos a participação de todos os autores na construção e condução deste caso desafiador. Suas contribuições foram fundamentais para elucidação diagnóstica.</p>
			</ack>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Vinculação Acadêmica:</label>
					<p> Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado:</label>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
					<label>Fontes de Financiamento:</label>
					<p> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>