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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ABC HF</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC: Heart Failure &#x26; Cardiomyopathy</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2764-3107</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abchf.20230053</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20230053</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Special Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>The 500<sup>th</sup> Heart Transplant - The Steps That Made Cear&#xE1; a Reference in Heart Transplants in Brazil</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5982-8847</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Vieira</surname><given-names>Jefferson Luis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1754-1009</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Sobral</surname><given-names>Maria Gyslane Vasconcelos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1846-3551</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>Viviane Moreira</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8601-0901</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Almeida</surname><given-names>Germana Porto Linhares</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5535-5912</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Fernandes</surname><given-names>Juliana Rolim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2945-7023</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Marinho</surname><given-names>Laura Leite da Escossia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1598-4412</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Vasconcelos</surname><given-names>Glauber Gean</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-4708-0749</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Trompieri</surname><given-names>Daniel Francisco de Mendon&#xE7;a</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8242-1199</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Santos</surname><given-names>Glaylton Silva</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-1721-4987</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Diniz</surname><given-names>Raissa Marianna Viana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-0879-4745</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Sugette</surname><given-names>Juliana de Freitas Vasconcelos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Acquisition of data</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-9072-8934</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Ximenes</surname><given-names>Ana Larissa Pedrosa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5018-941X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mejia</surname><given-names>Juan Alberto Cosquillo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6767-4785</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Souza</surname><given-names>Jo&#xE3;o David de</given-names><suffix>Neto</suffix></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Messejana Dr</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes, Fortaleza, CE &#x2013; Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Cear&#xE1;</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Cear&#xE1;, Fortaleza, CE &#x2013; Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Fortaleza</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE &#x2013; Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#xED;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#xE3;o Paulo</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#xED;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#xE3;o Paulo (HCFMUSP), S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP &#x2013; Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital OTO Santos Dumont</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital OTO Santos Dumont, Fortaleza, CE &#x2013; Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Jefferson Luis Vieira &#x2022;</bold> Hospital de Messejana &#x2013; Unidade de Transplante e Insufici&#xEA;ncia Card&#xED;aca &#x2013; Av. Frei Cirilo, 3480. Postal code <postal-code>60864-190</postal-code>, Fortaleza, CE &#x2013; Brazil E-mail: <email>jefvieira@yahoo.com.br</email>, <email>jefvieira31@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Potential conflict of interest</bold></p>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>20</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<elocation-id>e20230053</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>15</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>20</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>20</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
<kwd>Heart Transplant</kwd>
<kwd>Article Historic</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="14"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="18"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p>On February 21, 2023, the heart failure (HF) and transplant program at Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes (HM) set a landmark with its 500th heart transplant completion. In Brazil, this performance is bested only by the Heart Institute (InCor) at the University of S&#xE3;o Paulo (USP), consolidating HM as the second-largest transplant center in the country.</p>
<p>Founded in 1933, HM is a tertiary center specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of heart and lung diseases, with an operational capacity of 463 inpatient beds, 70 of which are in the Intensive Care Unit; the HM integrates the healthcare network of the Secretariat of Health of Cear&#xE1; (SESA), receiving patients from all 184 cities in Cear&#xE1; and also from other regions of Brazil, both in the Emergency Department and in the 25 outpatient clinics of the Ambulatory Care Center. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>)</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><title>Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>When South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard performed the world&#x2019;s first human heart transplant on December 3, 1967, in South Africa, the procedure was largely considered experimental, and no effective immunosuppressive therapies were available. Just six months later, on May 26, 1968, Dr. Euryclides Zerbini performed the first heart transplant in Latin America at the USP Medical School. However, it was only in the 1980s, with the introduction of cyclosporine, that the field of transplantation gained new momentum and worldwide interest. In Brazil, the inaugural transplant of this so-called &#x201C;cyclosporine era&#x201D; was performed in 1984 by Dr. Ivo Nesralla at the Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul (ICFUC/RS).</p>
<sec>
<title>The Beginning of Heart Transplantation in Cear&#xE1;</title>
<p>The first heart transplant in Cear&#xE1; occurred in the &#x201C;cyclosporine era&#x201D; at Hospital Ant&#xF4;nio Prudente on February 20, 1993. The team consisted of surgeons Jos&#xE9; Glauco Lobo Filho (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2A</xref>), Jo&#xE3;o Martins de Souza Torres, Francisco Martins de Oliveira, Jos&#xE9; Maria Furtado Mem&#xF3;ria Junior, and Haroldo Brasil Barroso, in addition to Dr. Ricardo Lagreca (Natal/RN) as part of the Northeast Program for Heart Transplantation (NE-Tx). Jo&#xE3;o David de Souza (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2B</xref>) Neto was the clinical cardiologist, and F&#xE1;tima Sales and Miguel Arraes were the anesthesiologists. At that time, the NE-Tx provided support by sending collaborators with previous experience in the area, hence the valuable contribution of Dr. Lagreca from Natal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The NE-Tx assisted services from Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte, and Cear&#xE1; were discontinued after a few years.</p>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><title>A) Dr. Jos&#xE9; Glauco L&#xF4;bo Filho; B) Dr. Jo&#xE3;o David de Souza Neto with the second transplanted patient in Cear&#xE1; (1994).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf02.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>In 1997, still at Hospital Ant&#xF4;nio Prudente, a team composed of surgeons Juan Alberto Cosquillo Mej&#xED;a, Valdester Cavalcante Pinto J&#xFA;nior, Waldemiro Carvalho J&#xFA;nior, Fernando Ant&#xF4;nio de Mesquita and Haroldo Brasil Barroso, and anesthesiologist Rogean Nunes, in addition to cardiologists Jo&#xE3;o David de Souza Neto and Patr&#xED;cia Lopes de Sousa continued the heart transplant program in Cear&#xE1;. On April 8, 1998, the same group and the pediatric cardiologists Kl&#xE9;bia Castelo Branco and Ricardo Sardenberg were responsible for launching pediatric and neonatal transplantation in the North/Northeast regions.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Accreditation of the Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit of Hospital de Messejana</title>
<p>The establishment of the CNCDO-CE (Central for the Notification, Procurement, and Distribution of Organs and Tissues of Cear&#xE1;) on June 9, 1998 (SESA Ordinance 797/98) was an important milestone for organ and tissue transplants in Cear&#xE1;. Nephrologist Eliana R&#xE9;gia Barbosa coordinates the CNCDO-CE and has more than 60 notification centers registered in the National Transplant System. Faced with the success at the Hospital Ant&#xF4;nio Prudente, the transplant team organized itself to accredit HM as a transplant center, meeting the CNCDO-CE requirements.</p>
<p>In October 1998, the Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit (UTIC) of the HM was created, with a comprehensive multidisciplinary team that includes nurses, a social worker, a psychologist, a nutritionist, and a secretary, in addition to the complementary services of the HM in anesthesia, dentistry, infectology, pathology, echocardiography, hemodynamics, hematology, pharmacy, physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Currently, the UTIC has a 28-bed medical ward (unit I), a meeting room, 5 outpatient rooms, and its own service desk. Since the program&#x2019;s accreditation, Drs. Jo&#xE3;o David de Souza Neto and Juan Alberto Cosquillo Mej&#xED;a have been in charge, actively participating in the Technical Chambers of the Ministry of Health and elaborating guidelines, including Brazilian guidelines for HF, heart transplantation, and circulatory assistance mechanics.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#x2013;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>)</p>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><title>Drs. Juan Mej&#xED;a and Jo&#xE3;o David receiving tribute at the Legislative Assembly.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf03.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>On January 4, 1999, a 39-year-old carpenter named Ant&#xF4;nio Pereira de Moura became the first patient to have his heart transplanted at HM, marking the dawn of a new era in cardiology in Cear&#xE1;. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4A</xref>) A 36-year-old woman donated the organ after a diagnosis of brain death in HM&#x2019;s respiratory ICU; with both recipient and donor placed side by side, the procedure was carried out with a successful ischemia time of less than 90 minutes. Curiously, Moura also debuted the list of HM retransplants after presenting late ventricular failure due to cardiac allograft vasculopathy in 2005. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4B</xref>) The first pediatric heart transplant at HM took place on January 18, 2002; currently, the hospital is recognized for having the second busiest heart transplant program for children in the country.</p>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figure 4</label>
<caption><title>A) Antonio Pereira de Moura, the first heart transplant recipient at Hospital de Messejana; B) Antonio Pereira de Moura completing 20 years of transplantation on 04/01/2019.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf04.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>In July 2001, the &#x2018;Prof. Dr. Ant&#xF4;nio Lacerda Machado&#x2019; Research and Experimental Surgery Center (CENPEX) was inaugurated, coordinated by Dr. Jos&#xE9; Maria Furtado Mem&#xF3;ria J&#xFA;nior. CENPEX was responsible for enhancing learning in surgery, especially in transplants, through courses on animal models for heart transplantation. Also during this period, training workshops on heart transplantation were held, supervised by the multidisciplinary team of the Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology under the leadership of Drs. Ricardo Manrique, Jarbas Dikuynsen, and Marco Aur&#xE9;lio Dias da Silva. Fourteen years later, in December 2015, HM itself engaged in actions aimed at disseminating knowledge through the Brazilian Ministry of Health platform for training programs in mechanical circulatory support and cardiac transplantation. The mentoring program was proposed and coordinated by Dr. Juan Mej&#xED;a with the collaboration of the physiotherapist Maria do Socorro Quintino Farias; it lasted 2 years and consisted of a group of 60 students composed of clinicians, surgeons, nurses and social workers from 5 centers: Hospital Universit&#xE1;rio de S&#xE3;o Luis (MA), Hospital Ana Nery de Salvador (BA), Hospital Meridional de Vit&#xF3;ria (ES), Hospital dos Servidores do Estado (RJ) and Hospital do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o de Natal (RN).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Routines of the Heart Transplant Program at Hospital de Messejana</title>
<p>Although HM follows most of the routines proposed by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) guidelines, some particularities are specific to the context in which it operates. The three main indications for heart transplantation are dilated (32%), ischemic (25%), and chagasic (17%) cardiomyopathy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Except for the first 5 cases, all transplants were performed using the bicaval technique; in addition, all patients received a standard 3-drug immunosuppressive regimen with tacrolimus, mycophenolate (mofetil or sodium), and corticosteroids. Azathioprine was never used in the program, and tacrolimus is only converted to cyclosporine or a proliferation signal inhibitor, such as everolimus or sirolimus, in cases of refractory hyperglycemia, renal dysfunction, or persistent rejection.</p>
<p>After 6 months, prednisone is weaned when possible, and while immunosuppression with mycophenolate has been associated with a higher rate of <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi</italic> reactivation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> the HM protocol does not require mycophenolate dose adjustment or mandatory switch to azathioprine in chagasic patients. Search for acute rejection and suspected cases of Chagas disease reactivation are monitored employing routine surveillance endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) according to established international standards. However, despite the ISHLT guidelines recommending approximately 14 EMB per patient in the first post-transplant year,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> the frequency of EMB at HM in the first year after heart transplantation has been considerably lower, roughly 3 to 5; this is due in part to financial restrictions but mainly to the risk of severe complications associated with EMB, including ventricular perforation and EMB-related tricuspid valve damage.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Even so, Chagas disease rejection or reactivation rates are not higher than those reported in surveys by other services.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
<p>The median survival of HM transplanted patients is 9.5 (95%CI, 8.5 &#x2013; 10.5) years, with overall survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years of 73%, 60%, and 46%, respectively.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> The main cause of post-transplant death in HM is infection (36%), followed by rejection (27%) and graft vascular disease (20%).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Artificial Heart in the Northeast</title>
<p>With the official launch of the Artificial Heart Program by the Government of the State of Ceara in March 2008, HM was a pioneer in the field of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices in Northeast Brazil, with the implantation of an AB5000 as a bridge to transplantation (BTT). (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 5</xref>) Between 2008 and 2019, 19 adult patients underwent implantation of an MCS as a BTT, of which 8 CentriMag (Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, CA), 6 AB5000 (ABIOMED Inc, Danvers, MA), and 5 venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO, Maquet Getinge Group, Rastatt, Germany), with median support of 18 days (ranging from 0 to 176 days).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
<fig id="f5">
<label>Figure 5</label>
<caption><title>First patient to receive an MCS (AB5000) as a bridge to transplant. After a successful heart transplant, he currently leads a normal life in the countryside.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf05.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>In 2012 and 2015, a partnership between surgeons Juan Mej&#xED;a and Cristiano Caldeira (from Tampa General Hospital) resulted in the Pan American Workshop for Mechanical Circulatory Support &#x26; Heart Transplant at the Center for Advance Medical Learning e Simulation (CAMLS) in Tampa (Florida/USA). Around 200 professionals from all over Brazil (18 from Cear&#xE1;) and Latin America were present at the first symposium.</p>
<p>The Messejana Hospital and the UTIC during the COVID-19 pandemic</p>
<p>Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, the CNCDO-CE and the UTIC program remained active, following the Brazilian Association of Organ Transplants (ABTO) protocols. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 6</xref>) Due to the reallocation of beds and human resources, the UTIC assumed preferentially remote assistance between March and July 2020, supporting 504 patients at distance: 361 with HF and 143 with transplants. This number represents an approximate reduction of 48% of the 972 patients seen in the same period of the previous year. During remote follow-up, the hospitalization rate of patients with HF declined from 24% to 12%, while that of transplant recipients increased from 10% to 20%. This finding can be explained by the large number of procedures that transplant recipients have to undergo in the first months and years after transplantation, including EMB and rescue immunosuppressive therapies, which in general require hospitalization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
<fig id="f6">
<label>Figure 6</label>
<caption><title>Annual number of adult heart transplants in HM (1997-2023) according to gender, with a significant reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf06.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Although there was no difference in reported deaths between 2019 and 2020, there was a relative increase of 5 times more deaths in HF patients hospitalized during the pandemic. This may be due to greater prioritization for hospitalized individuals with more severe disease and a worse prognosis.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions">
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Brazil has the world&#x2019;s largest public organ transplant system in the world. The history of HF and heart transplantation in Brazil is intertwined with the history of cardiology in Cear&#xE1; and HM. Over 25 years, HM has added procedures and services incorporated after the transplant program, including 24-hour availability of echocardiography and interventional cardiology services and its own pathology laboratory.</p>
<p>The UTIC grew, becoming a reference for patients who did not have a specialized outpatient clinic in Brazil and receiving recurring recognition by the Best Practice in Cardiology (BPC) program, the result of a tripartite collaboration of the American Heart Association, the <italic>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</italic> and the Brazilian Ministry of Health.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
<p>For this to happen, we owe gratitude to the entire clinical and multidisciplinary team and complementary sectors, directors, health secretaries, and governors. A special acknowledgment and gratitude to the family members and, above all, to the donor, who is essential for the success of the organ transplant (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 7</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f7">
<label>Figure 7</label>
<caption><title>The 500th heart transplant.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf07.tif"/>
</fig>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1"><p><bold>Sources of funding</bold></p>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2"><p><bold>Study association</bold></p>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3"><p><bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold></p>
<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</p></fn>
</fn-group>
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<name><surname>Taniguchi</surname><given-names>FP</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Bernardez-Pereira</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Silva</surname><given-names>SA</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Ribeiro</surname><given-names>ALP</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Morgan</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Curtis</surname><given-names>AB</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>Implementation of a Best Practice in Cardiology (BPC) Program Adapted from Get with the Guidelines<sup>&#xAE;</sup> in Brazilian Public Hospitals: Study Design and Rationale</article-title>
<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>92</fpage>
<lpage>99</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190393</pub-id>
</element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Taniguchi FP, Bernardez-Pereira S, Silva SA, Ribeiro ALP, Morgan L, Curtis AB, et al. Implementation of a Best Practice in Cardiology (BPC) Program Adapted from Get with the Guidelines<sup>&#xAE;</sup> in Brazilian Public Hospitals: Study Design and Rationale. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020;115(1):92-9. doi: 10.36660/abc.20190393.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Artigo Especial</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>O 500&#xB0; Transplante de Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o - Os Passos que fizeram do Cear&#xE1; Refer&#xEA;ncia em Transplantes Card&#xED;acos no Brasil</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5982-8847</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Vieira</surname><given-names>Jefferson Luis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>An&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
<role>Revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1754-1009</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Sobral</surname><given-names>Maria Gyslane Vasconcelos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1846-3551</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>Viviane Moreira</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8601-0901</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Almeida</surname><given-names>Germana Porto Linhares</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5535-5912</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Fernandes</surname><given-names>Juliana Rolim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2945-7023</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Marinho</surname><given-names>Laura Leite da Escossia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1598-4412</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Vasconcelos</surname><given-names>Glauber Gean</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>3</sup></xref>
<role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-4708-0749</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Trompieri</surname><given-names>Daniel Francisco de Mendon&#xE7;a</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8242-1199</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Santos</surname><given-names>Glaylton Silva</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>4</sup></xref>
<role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-1721-4987</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Diniz</surname><given-names>Raissa Marianna Viana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>4</sup></xref>
<role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-0879-4745</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Sugette</surname><given-names>Juliana de Freitas Vasconcelos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>5</sup></xref>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-9072-8934</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Ximenes</surname><given-names>Ana Larissa Pedrosa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5018-941X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mejia</surname><given-names>Juan Alberto Cosquillo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>An&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
<role>Revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6767-4785</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Souza</surname><given-names>Jo&#xE3;o David de</given-names><suffix>Neto</suffix></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>An&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
<role>Revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes, Fortaleza, CE &#x2013; Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Cear&#xE1;, Fortaleza, CE &#x2013; Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE &#x2013; Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#xED;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#xE3;o Paulo (HCFMUSP), S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP &#x2013; Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital OTO Santos Dumont, Fortaleza, CE &#x2013; Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: Jefferson Luis Vieira &#x2022;</bold> Hospital de Messejana &#x2013; Unidade de Transplante e Insufici&#xEA;ncia Card&#xED;aca &#x2013; Av. Frei Cirilo, 3480. CEP <postal-code>60864-190</postal-code>, Fortaleza, CE &#x2013; Brasil E-mail: <email>jefvieira@yahoo.com.br</email>, <email>jefvieira31@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold></p>
<p>N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; conflito com o presente artigo</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Insufici&#xEA;ncia Card&#xED;aca</kwd>
<kwd>Transplante Card&#xED;aco</kwd>
<kwd>Artigo Hist&#xF3;rico</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<p>No dia 21 de fevereiro de 2023 o programa de insufici&#xEA;ncia card&#xED;aca (IC) e transplantes do Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes (HM) alcan&#xE7;ou a marca hist&#xF3;rica de 500 transplantes card&#xED;acos. No Brasil, essa casu&#xED;stica s&#xF3; &#xE9; superada pelo Instituto do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o do Hospital das Cl&#xED;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (InCor), consolidando o HM como o segundo programa com o maior volume de transplantes card&#xED;acos do pa&#xED;s.</p>
<p>Fundado em 1933, o HM &#xE9; uma unidade terci&#xE1;ria especializada no diagn&#xF3;stico e tratamento de doen&#xE7;as card&#xED;acas e pulmonares, com capacidade operacional de 463 leitos de interna&#xE7;&#xE3;o, sendo 70 deles de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva; o HM integra a rede de hospitais da Secretaria da Sa&#xFA;de do Cear&#xE1; (SESA), acolhendo pacientes dos 184 munic&#xED;pios Cearenses e de outras regi&#xF5;es do Brasil, tanto na Emerg&#xEA;ncia quanto nos 25 ambulat&#xF3;rios do Servi&#xE7;o de Pacientes Externos. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f8">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption><title>Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf01-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Quando o primeiro transplante card&#xED;aco humano do mundo foi realizado pelo cirurgi&#xE3;o sul-africano Christian Barnard em 3 de dezembro de 1967, na &#xC1;frica do Sul, esse procedimento era considerado experimental e n&#xE3;o havia terapias imunossupressoras com evid&#xEA;ncia de impacto em sobrevida a longo prazo. Seis meses depois, em 26 de maio de 1968, a equipe do Dr. Euryclides Zerbini realizou no Hospital das Cl&#xED;nicas da USP o primeiro transplante de cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o da Am&#xE9;rica Latina; mas foi somente na d&#xE9;cada de 1980, com a introdu&#xE7;&#xE3;o da ciclosporina, que o campo do transplante ganhou novo f&#xF4;lego e interesse mundial. No Brasil, o transplante inaugural dessa nova fase chamada de &#x201C;era da ciclosporina&#x201D; foi feito em 1984, pelo Dr. Ivo Nesralla no Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (ICFUC/RS).</p>
<sec>
<title>O In&#xED;cio do Transplante Card&#xED;aco no Cear&#xE1;</title>
<p>O primeiro transplante card&#xED;aco do Cear&#xE1; ocorreu na &#x201C;era da ciclosporina&#x201D;, no Hospital Ant&#xF4;nio Prudente em 20 de fevereiro de 1993. A equipe era composta pelos cirurgi&#xF5;es Jos&#xE9; Glauco Lobo Filho (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f9">Figura 2A</xref>), Jo&#xE3;o Martins de Souza Torres, Francisco Martins de Oliveira, Jos&#xE9; Maria Furtado Mem&#xF3;ria Junior e Haroldo Brasil Barroso, al&#xE9;m do Dr. Ricardo Lagreca (Natal/RN) como parte do Programa Nordeste para transplante card&#xED;aco (NE-Tx). Jo&#xE3;o David de Souza Neto (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f9">Figura 2B</xref>) foi o cardiologista cl&#xED;nico e F&#xE1;tima Sales e Miguel Arraes os anestesistas. Naquela &#xE9;poca, o programa NE-Tx prestava apoio enviando colaboradores com experi&#xEA;ncia pr&#xE9;via na &#xE1;rea, da&#xED; a valiosa contribui&#xE7;&#xE3;o do Dr. Lagreca, de Natal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O NE-Tx contou com a participa&#xE7;&#xE3;o de servi&#xE7;os de Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte e Cear&#xE1;, mas acabou sendo descontinuado depois de alguns anos.</p>
<fig id="f9">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption><title>A) Dr. Jos&#xE9; Glauco L&#xF4;bo Filho; B) Dr. Jo&#xE3;o David de Souza Neto com o segundo paciente transplantado no Cear&#xE1; (1994).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf02-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Em 1997, ainda no Hospital Ant&#xF4;nio Prudente, uma equipe composta pelos cirurgi&#xF5;es Juan Alberto Cosquillo Mej&#xED;a, Valdester Cavalcante Pinto J&#xFA;nior, Waldemiro Carvalho J&#xFA;nior, Fernando Ant&#xF4;nio de Mesquita e Haroldo Brasil Barroso, e pelo anestesista Rogean Nunes al&#xE9;m dos cardiologistas Jo&#xE3;o David de Souza Neto e Patr&#xED;cia Lopes de Sousa deram prosseguimento ao programa de transplantes card&#xED;acos no Cear&#xE1;. Em 8 de Abril de 1998, o mesmo grupo e os cardiologistas pedi&#xE1;tricos Kl&#xE9;bia Castelo Branco e Ricardo Sardenberg foram respons&#xE1;veis por inaugurar o transplante pedi&#xE1;trico neonatal no Norte/Nordeste.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Credenciamento da Unidade de Transplante e Insufici&#xEA;ncia Card&#xED;aca do Hospital de Messejana</title>
<p>A cria&#xE7;&#xE3;o da CNCDO-CE (Central de Notifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o, Capta&#xE7;&#xE3;o e Distribui&#xE7;&#xE3;o de &#xD3;rg&#xE3;os e Tecidos do Cear&#xE1;), em 9 de junho de 1998 por meio da portaria no 797/98 da SESA foi um marco importante para os transplantes de &#xF3;rg&#xE3;os e tecidos no Cear&#xE1;. A Central &#xE9; coordenada pela nefrologista Eliana R&#xE9;gia Barbosa e conta com mais de 60 hospitais notificantes com cadastro no Sistema Nacional de Transplantes. Diante do sucesso no Hospital Ant&#xF4;nio Prudente, o grupo de transplantadores se organizou ent&#xE3;o para credenciar o HM como um centro transplantador, atendendo aos crit&#xE9;rios exigidos pela Central.</p>
<p>Em outubro de 1998 foi criada a Unidade de Transplante e Insufici&#xEA;ncia Card&#xED;aca (UTIC) do HM, com a estrutura&#xE7;&#xE3;o de um servi&#xE7;o multidisciplinar abrangente contando com enfermeiros, assistente social, psic&#xF3;loga, nutricionista e secret&#xE1;ria, al&#xE9;m das equipes de anestesia, ecocardiografia, infectologia, patologia, odontologia, hemodin&#xE2;mica, hematologia, farm&#xE1;cia, fisioterapia e reabilita&#xE7;&#xE3;o. Atualmente, a UTIC &#xE9; composta por uma enfermaria com 28 leitos (unidade I), sala de reuni&#xF5;es, 5 salas de ambulat&#xF3;rio multidisciplinar e secretaria pr&#xF3;pria. Desde seu credenciamento, o programa tem como respons&#xE1;veis os Drs. Jo&#xE3;o David de Souza Neto e Juan Alberto Cosquillo Mej&#xED;a que ao longo desses anos seguem envolvidos ativamente na participa&#xE7;&#xE3;o de C&#xE2;maras T&#xE9;cnicas do Minist&#xE9;rio da Sa&#xFA;de e na elabora&#xE7;&#xE3;o de diretrizes, incluindo as diretrizes brasileiras de IC, transplante card&#xED;aco e assist&#xEA;ncia circulat&#xF3;ria mec&#xE2;nica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#x2013;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">Figura 3</xref>)</p>
<fig id="f10">
<label>Figura 3</label>
<caption><title>Drs. Juan e Jo&#xE3;o David recebendo homenagem na Assembleia Legislativa.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf03-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Em 4 de janeiro de 1999, o carpinteiro Ant&#xF4;nio Pereira de Moura, de 39 anos, foi o primeiro paciente a receber um transplante de cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o no HM, marcando o in&#xED;cio de uma nova era na cardiologia cearense. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f11">Figura 4A</xref>) O &#xF3;rg&#xE3;o foi doado por uma mulher de 36 anos ap&#xF3;s diagn&#xF3;stico de morte encef&#xE1;lica na UTI respirat&#xF3;ria do pr&#xF3;prio HM; com ambos receptor e doadora posicionados lado a lado, o procedimento transcorreu com um exitoso tempo de isquemia inferior a 90 minutos. Curiosamente, Moura tamb&#xE9;m abriu a lista de retransplantados do HM ap&#xF3;s apresentar fal&#xEA;ncia ventricular tardia por doen&#xE7;a vascular do enxerto em 2005. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f11">Figura 4B</xref>) O primeiro transplante card&#xED;aco pedi&#xE1;trico do HM ocorreu em 18 de janeiro de 2002; hoje o hospital se destaca por ter o segundo maior programa de transplante card&#xED;aco em crian&#xE7;as do pa&#xED;s.</p>
<fig id="f11">
<label>Figura 4</label>
<caption><title>A) Ant&#xF4;nio Pereira de Moura, primeiro transplantado de cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o do Hospital de Messejana; B) Ant&#xF4;nio Pereira de Moura completando 20 anos de transplante em 04/01/2019</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf04-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Em julho de 2001 foi inaugurado o Centro de Pesquisas e Cirurgia Experimental &#x2018;Prof. Dr. Ant&#xF4;nio Lacerda Machado&#x2019; (CENPEX), coordenado pelo Dr. Jos&#xE9; Maria Furtado Mem&#xF3;ria J&#xFA;nior. O CENPEX foi respons&#xE1;vel por impulsionar o ensino em cirurgia, em especial de transplante, atrav&#xE9;s de cursos de capta&#xE7;&#xE3;o e implante de cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o em animais. Tamb&#xE9;m neste per&#xED;odo foram realizados workshops de capacita&#xE7;&#xE3;o em transplante card&#xED;aco, supervisionado pela equipe multidisciplinar do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia sob comando dos Drs. Ricardo Manrique, Jarbas Dikuynsen e Marco Aur&#xE9;lio Dias da Silva. Quatorze anos depois, em dezembro de 2015, o pr&#xF3;prio HM assumiu papel de centro capacitador atrav&#xE9;s do programa oficial do Minist&#xE9;rio da Sa&#xFA;de para habilita&#xE7;&#xE3;o de centros em Transplante Card&#xED;aco e Assist&#xEA;ncia Circulat&#xF3;ria Mec&#xE2;nica. O programa de tutoria foi idealizado e coordenado pelo Dr. Juan Mej&#xED;a com colabora&#xE7;&#xE3;o da fisioterapeuta Maria do Socorro Quintino Farias, e teve dura&#xE7;&#xE3;o de 2 anos contanto com um grupo de 60 alunos composto por cl&#xED;nicos, cirurgi&#xF5;es, enfermeiros e assistentes sociais de 5 centros: Hospital Universit&#xE1;rio de S&#xE3;o Luis (MA), Hospital Ana Nery de Salvador (BA), Hospital Meridional de Vit&#xF3;ria (ES), Hospital dos Servidores do Estado (RJ) e Hospital do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o de Natal (RN).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Rotinas do Programa de Transplante de Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o no Hospital de Messejana</title>
<p>Embora o HM siga a maioria das rotinas propostas pelas diretrizes da <italic>International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation</italic> (ISHLT), algumas particularidades s&#xE3;o especificas do contexto em que se insere. As tr&#xEA;s principais indica&#xE7;&#xF5;es para transplante de cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o s&#xE3;o cardiomiopatia dilatada (32%), isqu&#xEA;mica (25%) e chag&#xE1;sica (17%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Exceto pelos primeiros 5 casos, todos os transplantes foram executados com a t&#xE9;cnica bicaval; al&#xE9;m disso, todos os pacientes recebem regime imunossupressor padr&#xE3;o de 3 drogas com tacrolimus, micofenolato (mofetil ou s&#xF3;dico) e corticosteroides. A azatioprina nunca foi utilizada no programa, e o tacrolimus somente &#xE9; convertido para ciclosporina ou algum inibidor do sinal de prolifera&#xE7;&#xE3;o, como everolimus ou sirolimus, em casos de hiperglicemia refrat&#xE1;ria, disfun&#xE7;&#xE3;o renal ou rejei&#xE7;&#xE3;o persistente.</p>
<p>Ap&#xF3;s 6 meses, a prednisona &#xE9; desmamada sempre que poss&#xED;vel e, embora a imunossupress&#xE3;o com micofenolato tenha sido associada a uma taxa mais alta de reativa&#xE7;&#xE3;o de <italic>Tripanossoma cruzi</italic>,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> o protocolo do HM n&#xE3;o exige ajuste na dose de micofenolato ou troca rotineira por azatioprina em chag&#xE1;sicos. Pesquisa de rejei&#xE7;&#xE3;o e de casos suspeitos de reativa&#xE7;&#xE3;o da doen&#xE7;a de Chagas s&#xE3;o monitorados por meio de bi&#xF3;psia endomioc&#xE1;rdica (BEM) de acordo com crit&#xE9;rios internacionais estabelecidos. No entanto, apesar de diretrizes da ISHLT recomendarem em torno de 14 BEMs no primeiro ano p&#xF3;s-transplante,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> a frequ&#xEA;ncia de BEMs no HM &#xE9; consideravelmente menor, em torno de 3 a 5; isso se deve em parte &#xE0; restri&#xE7;&#xF5;es financeiras, mas principalmente pelo risco de complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es graves associadas &#xE0; BEM, incluindo perfura&#xE7;&#xE3;o ventricular e dano &#xE0; v&#xE1;lvula tric&#xFA;spide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Ainda assim, as taxas de rejei&#xE7;&#xE3;o ou reativa&#xE7;&#xE3;o do Doen&#xE7;a de Chagas n&#xE3;o s&#xE3;o maiores do que as relatadas em levantamentos de outros servi&#xE7;os.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
<p>A sobrevida mediana dos pacientes transplantados no HM &#xE9; de 9,5 (IC 95%, 8,5 &#x2013; 10,5) anos, com taxas de sobrevida geral em 1, 5 e 10 anos de 73%, 60% e 46% respectivamente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> A principal causa de morte p&#xF3;s-transplante no HM &#xE9; infec&#xE7;&#xE3;o (36%), seguida por rejei&#xE7;&#xE3;o (27%) e doen&#xE7;a vascular do enxerto (20%).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o Artificial no Nordeste</title>
<p>Com o lan&#xE7;amento oficial do programa Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o Artificial pelo governo do Estado, em mar&#xE7;o de 2008, o HM foi pioneiro no campo dos dispositivos de assist&#xEA;ncia circulat&#xF3;ria mec&#xE2;nica (DACM) no Nordeste, com o implante de um AB5000 como ponte para transplante (PPT). (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f12">Figura 5</xref>) Entre 2008 e 2019, 19 pacientes adultos foram submetidos ao implante de um DACM como PPT, dos quais 8 por CentriMag (Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, CA), 6 por AB5000 (ABIOMED Inc, Danvers, MA), e 5 por oxigena&#xE7;&#xE3;o por membrana extracorp&#xF3;rea venoarterial (ECMO-VA, Grupo Maquet Getinge, Rastatt, Alemanha), com dura&#xE7;&#xE3;o mediana do suporte de 18 dias (variando de 0 a 176 dias).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
<fig id="f12">
<label>Figura 5</label>
<caption><title>Primeiro paciente a receber um DACM (AB5000) como ponte para transplante. Hoje, ap&#xF3;s um transplante de cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o bem, sucedido, leva uma vida normal no interior do Cear&#xE1;.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf05-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Em 2012 e em 2015, uma parceria entre os cirurgi&#xF5;es Juan Mej&#xED;a e Cristiano Caldeira (do Tampa General Hospital) resultou no <italic>Pan American Workshop for Mechanical Circulatory Support &#x26; Heart Transplant</italic>, no Centro de Aprendizagem M&#xE9;dica Avan&#xE7;ada e Simula&#xE7;&#xE3;o de Tampa (Fl&#xF3;rida/EUA). No primeiro simp&#xF3;sio, estiveram presentes cerca de 200 profissionais de todo o Brasil (sendo 18 do Cear&#xE1;) e Am&#xE9;rica Latina.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>O Hospital de Messejana e a UTIC durante a pandemia de COVID-19</title>
<p>Mesmo durante a pandemia da COVID-19 a Central de Transplantes do Cear&#xE1; e o programa da UTIC continuaram ativos, obedecendo aos protocolos determinados pela Associa&#xE7;&#xE3;o Brasileira de Transplantes de &#xD3;rg&#xE3;os (ABTO).(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f13">Figura 6</xref>) Devido ao redimensionamento de leitos e de recursos humanos, a UTIC assumiu a assist&#xEA;ncia preferencialmente remota entre mar&#xE7;o e julho de 2020, tendo atendido 504 pacientes em car&#xE1;ter n&#xE3;o-presencial: 361 portadores de IC e 143 transplantados. Essa cifra representa uma queda aproximada de 48% dos 972 pacientes atendidos no mesmo per&#xED;odo do ano anterior. Durante o seguimento remoto, a taxa de interna&#xE7;&#xE3;o de pacientes com IC em acompanhamento ambulatorial caiu de 24% para 12%, enquanto a de transplantados aumentou de 10% para 20%. Esse achado pode ser explicado pelo grande n&#xFA;mero de procedimentos pelos quais transplantados t&#xEA;m que se submeter nos primeiros meses e anos ap&#xF3;s o transplante, incluindo BEM e terapias imunossupressoras de resgate, que em geral necessitam hospitaliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
<fig id="f13">
<label>Figura 6</label>
<caption><title>N&#xFA;mero anual de transplantes de cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o em adultos no HM (1997-2023) de acordo com o sexo, com redu&#xE7;&#xE3;o expressiva durante a pandemia da COVID-19.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf06-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Apesar de n&#xE3;o ter sido observada piora na taxa de mortalidade total entre 2019 e 2020, houve aumento relativo de 5 vezes mais &#xF3;bitos nos pacientes com IC que foram hospitalizados durante a pandemia. Isso pode ser devido a maior prioriza&#xE7;&#xE3;o para interna&#xE7;&#xE3;o de indiv&#xED;duos com doen&#xE7;a mais grave e, portanto, de pior progn&#xF3;stico.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions">
<title>Conclus&#xE3;o</title>
<p>O transplante de &#xF3;rg&#xE3;os financiado pelo SUS &#xE9; o maior programa p&#xFA;blico de transplantes do mundo. A hist&#xF3;ria da IC e do transplante card&#xED;aco no Brasil se confunde com a hist&#xF3;ria da cardiologia Cearense e do HM. Ao longo de mais de 25 anos, o HM agregou procedimentos e servi&#xE7;os, incluindo ecocardiografia e hemodin&#xE2;mica dispon&#xED;veis 24 horas e um laborat&#xF3;rio de patologia pr&#xF3;prio, que foram incorporados a partir do transplante. A UTIC cresceu, tornando-se refer&#xEA;ncia para pacientes que n&#xE3;o tinham um ambulat&#xF3;rio especializado no Brasil e recebendo reconhecimento recorrente pelo programa de Boas Pr&#xE1;ticas Clinicas (BPC), derivado do conv&#xEA;nio entre o Minist&#xE9;rio da Sa&#xFA;de, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia e a <italic>American Heart Association</italic>.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
<p>Para que isso acontecesse, devemos gratid&#xE3;o a toda equipe cl&#xED;nica e multidisciplinar, juntamente aos setores complementares, diretores, secret&#xE1;rios de sa&#xFA;de e os governadores. Um reconhecimento e gratid&#xE3;o especiais aos familiares e sobretudo ao doador, essenciais para o sucesso do transplante de &#xF3;rg&#xE3;os (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f14">Figura 7</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f14">
<label>Figura 7</label>
<caption><title>O 500&#xB0; transplante de cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230053-gf07-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
</sec>
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<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn5"><p><bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold></p>
<p>O presente estudo n&#xE3;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6"><p><bold>Vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o acad&#xEA;mica</bold></p>
<p>N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o deste estudo a programas de p&#xF3;s-gradua&#xE7;&#xE3;o.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7"><p><bold>Aprova&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xE9;tica e consentimento informado</bold></p>
<p>Este artigo n&#xE3;o cont&#xE9;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8"><p>Este &#xE9; um artigo de acesso aberto distribu&#xED;do sob os termos da licen&#xE7;a de atribui&#xE7;&#xE3;o pelo Creative Commons</p></fn>
</fn-group>
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</sub-article>
</article>