<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2764-3107</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20230033</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Review Article</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Brazil: A Systematic Review</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9204-485X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bocchi</surname>
						<given-names>Edimar Alcides</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito e Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados e Obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7040-396X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Brandão</surname>
						<given-names>Andréa Araujo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito e Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados e Obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7452-3870</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mesquita</surname>
						<given-names>Evandro Tinoco</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito e Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados e Obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Nakamuta</surname>
						<given-names>Juliana S.</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Análise estatística e Obtenção de financiamento</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6830-6629</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bichels</surname>
						<given-names>André Valente</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Análise estatística e Obtenção de financiamento</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3957-5798</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Forestiero</surname>
						<given-names>Francisco José</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Análise estatística e Obtenção de financiamento</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Clínicas</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de São Paulo</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3">
				<label>3</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Niterói</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4">
				<label>4</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Complexo Hospitalar CHN de Niterói</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Niterói</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Complexo Hospitalar CHN de Niterói, Niterói, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff5">
				<label>5</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Novartis Biociências AS</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Novartis Biociências AS, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Evandro Tinoco Mesquita</bold> • Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro - Av. Marquês do Paraná, 303. Postal Code 24033-900, Centro, Niterói, RJ - Brazil. E-mail: <email>etmesquita@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>06</day>
				<month>10</month>
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>10</month>
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>3</volume>
			<issue>3</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20230033</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>18</day>
					<month>04</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>22</day>
					<month>04</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>22</day>
					<month>04</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<p>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common condition of heart failure (HF) in patients over 65 years of age and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological data on this condition are still scarce in Brazil and these data are relevant for a better understanding of the impact and unmet needs in HFpEF and for the planning of actions to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.</p>
				<p>The objective of the study was to identify evidence on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Brazilian patients with HFpEF.</p>
				<p>We systematically reviewed observational and clinical studies evaluating epidemiological and clinical data of Brazilian patients with HFpEF in the Pubmed/MEDLINE and LILACS databases, following PRISMA guidelines.</p>
				<p>The prevalence of HFpEF in patients with confirmed HF ranged from 28.2 to 59.0% in the outpatient setting and from 20.0% to 53.1% in the hospital setting. Among patients with suspected HF, the prevalence of patients with LVEF&gt;50% ranged from 29.0 to 37.6%. The most frequently reported comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes, with a prevalence of 57.4 to 100.0% in studies involving only patients with HFpEF, and from 10.2 to 49.1% in studies on patients with HF with normal ejection fraction (n = 14). Data on mortality and hospitalization rates were scarce.</p>
				<p>Despite few and heterogeneous data on the prevalence of HFpEF in Brazil, the prevalence of this condition in primary care patients and in hospitalized patients was relatively high.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
				<kwd>Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</kwd>
				<kwd>Epidemiology</kwd>
				<kwd>Comorbidity</kwd>
				<kwd>Mortality</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="4"/>
				<table-count count="4"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="40"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), defined as an ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 50%,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> is the most prevalent condition (&gt;70% of cases) in patients older than 65 years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> It is a complex, heterogenous clinical syndrome, with high morbidity and mortality, characterized by symptoms associated with a reduced capacity of the heart to pump blood adequately at normal cardiac filling pressures during diastole.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Patients with HFpEF show elevations in plasma natriuretic peptide levels in response to increased end-diastolic wall stress,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> and may have a five-year survival of just 35% after hospitalization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The prevalence of HFpEF in the general population is estimated at 1-3% and further increments are expected with aging, improved diagnosis, and increased comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and atrial fibrillation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> These patients show impairment in quality of life, high hospitalization and premature death rates,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> and one-year mortality rates of up to 6.3%,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> similar to HFpEF patients after hospitalization.</p>
			<p>In Brazil, epidemiological data on HFpEF are still scarce. In 2016, a cross sectional epidemiological study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of HF and its phenotypes in individuals attending primary care clinics in the city of Niteroi, Brazil. In this sample, 59% of patients had HFpEF, and 41% HF with reduced EF (HFrEF). HFpEF was more prevalent among women, elderly, and in obese patients, with a higher proportion of hypertension and diabetes than in those with HFrEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>To better understand the impact and unmet needs in HFpEF, it is essential to produce epidemiological data that will guide physicians and decision makers in the planning of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify available evidence on clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian patients with HFpEF.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="methods">
			<title>Methods</title>
			<p>The protocol of the systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42019122380). We systematically reviewed observational and clinical studies evaluating epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Brazilian patients with HFpEF, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The MEDLINE database was searched via PubMed for Brazilian studies published from the beginning of 2008 to December 10, 2018. The search strategies included Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)/ Health Sciences Descriptors and general terms, without restrictions for language or year, and were divided into two groups, “diseases and conditions” and “population (country)”.</p>
			<p>The MEDLINE search strategy (via PubMed) for “diseases and conditions” was: ((Heart Failure[Mesh] OR “Heart Failure, Diastolic”[Mesh] OR heart failure[Text Word] OR Heart Failure Preserved Ejection Fraction (HfpEF) and Heart Failure Normal Ejection Fraction OR cardiac failure[Text Word] OR cardiac insufficiency[Text Word] OR diastolic heart failure[Text Word] OR “Atrial Fibrillation”[Mesh] OR atrial fibrillation[Text Word] OR “Natriuretic Peptide, Brain”[Mesh] OR BNP[Text Word]) OR ((“Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular”[Mesh] OR Left Ventricular Hypertrophy[Text Word] OR LVH[Text Word] OR “Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic”[Mesh]) AND (Hypertension[Mesh] OR hypertension[Text Word] OR Blood Pressure[Mesh])) OR (“Amyloidosis”[Mesh] AND (cardio*[tw] OR cardia*[tw])). For “population (country)”, the MEDLINE strategy (via PubMed) was: (Brazil[Mesh] OR Brazil*[All Fields] OR Brasil*[All Fields] OR Portuguese[LA] OR Brazil[PL] OR São Paulo[All Fields] OR Rio de Janeiro[All Fields] OR Brasília[All Fields] OR Salvador[All Fields] OR Niterói[All Fields] OR Goiânia[All Fields] OR Porto Alegre[All Fields] OR Belo Horizonte[All Fields] OR Recife[All Fields] OR Campinas[All Fields] OR Ribeirão Preto[All Fields]). This same strategy was used for the LILACS database, including all significant words related to the terms previously described for “diseases and conditions” and “population (country)”.</p>
			<p>After applying the search strategy to the databases, the titles and abstracts were screened for relevant records, and full texts of the abstracts selected were retrieved for a detailed analysis. The screening was conducted by four reviewers.</p>
			<p>Eligible articles were those reporting primary data about any of the following: 1) prevalence or incidence of HFpEF; 2) mortality or hospitalization rates for HF, or 3) clinical characteristics of patients with HFpEF.</p>
			<p>The selected studies also met the following eligibility criteria: observational or experimental studies including Brazilian patients only or describing data exclusively from Brazilian patients, with sample size of at least 25, and published in the last 10 years (2008-2018). HFpEF was defined as presence of EF ≥ 50%. Studies with EF ≥ 45% were also considered, since at the time of the search, this cutoff was used to define HFpEF in five of the articles selected (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1">
					<label>Table 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup width="13%">
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left">First author</th>
								<th>Year</th>
								<th>Study design</th>
								<th>Treatment setting</th>
								<th>Cut-off value</th>
								<th>Sample size</th>
								<th>% Women</th>
								<th>Mean age</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td colspan="8"><bold>Patients diagnosed with heart failure, regardless of ejection fraction values</bold></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Abuhab<sup>19</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2012</td>
								<td align="center">Retrospective</td>
								<td align="center">Hospital</td>
								<td align="center">45%</td>
								<td align="center">577</td>
								<td align="center">39.3%</td>
								<td align="center">69.0*</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Balieiro<sup>30</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2009</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">166</td>
								<td align="center">63.0%</td>
								<td align="center">59.0</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Borges dos Reis<sup>14</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2013</td>
								<td align="center">Prospective</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">45%</td>
								<td align="center">383</td>
								<td align="center">55.8%</td>
								<td align="center">52.2</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Cardoso<sup>11</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2018</td>
								<td align="center">Prospective</td>
								<td align="center">Hospital</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">260</td>
								<td align="center">45.8%</td>
								<td align="center">66.1</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Goldraich<sup>20</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2010</td>
								<td align="center">Prospective</td>
								<td align="center">Hospital</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">721</td>
								<td align="center">50.2%</td>
								<td align="center">66.0</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Gripp<sup>31</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2009</td>
								<td align="center">Retrospective</td>
								<td align="center">Hospital</td>
								<td align="center">40%</td>
								<td align="center">322</td>
								<td align="center">34.0%</td>
								<td align="center">63.5</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Jorge<sup>7</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2016</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">633</td>
								<td align="center">74.0%</td>
								<td align="center">72.5</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Mangini<sup>32</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2008</td>
								<td align="center">Prospective</td>
								<td align="center">Hospital</td>
								<td align="center">45%</td>
								<td align="center">212</td>
								<td align="center">44.0%</td>
								<td align="center">59.9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Nogueira<sup>33</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2010</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Hospital</td>
								<td align="center">45%</td>
								<td align="center">144</td>
								<td align="center">45.8%</td>
								<td align="center">61.0</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Oliveira<sup>11</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2018</td>
								<td align="center">Prospective</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">75</td>
								<td align="center">44.0%</td>
								<td align="center">61.8</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Rycembel<sup>34</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2013</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">155</td>
								<td align="center">60.4%</td>
								<td align="center">64.7</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Silva<sup>16</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2012</td>
								<td align="center">Retrospective</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">549</td>
								<td align="center">49.0%</td>
								<td align="center">NR</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Villacorta<sup>35</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2010</td>
								<td align="center">Retrospective</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">209</td>
								<td align="center">66.4%</td>
								<td align="center">61.7</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Wajner<sup>13</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2017</td>
								<td align="center">Retrospective</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">2056</td>
								<td align="center">49.0%</td>
								<td align="center">71.0*</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td colspan="8"><bold>Patients with suspected heart failure, regardless of ejection fraction values</bold></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Jorge<sup>36</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2012</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">142</td>
								<td align="center">91.0%</td>
								<td align="center">73.6</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Jorge<sup>37</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2013a</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">161</td>
								<td align="center">80.0%</td>
								<td align="center">74.7</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Moutinho<sup>15</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2008</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">45%</td>
								<td align="center">239</td>
								<td align="center">60.8%</td>
								<td align="center">61.5</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td colspan="8"><bold>Patients with suspected HFpEF</bold></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Jorge<sup>38</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2014</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">166</td>
								<td align="center">72.0%</td>
								<td align="center">67.9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Jorge<sup>39</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2010</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">118</td>
								<td align="center">78.9%</td>
								<td align="center">75.0</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Jorge<sup>40</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2013b</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">85</td>
								<td align="center">81.0%</td>
								<td align="center">76.9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td colspan="8"><bold>HFpEF patients only</bold></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Pereira<sup>21</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2018</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">60</td>
								<td align="center">54.0%</td>
								<td align="center">56.0</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>D’Almeida<sup>17</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2018</td>
								<td align="center">RCT</td>
								<td align="center">Hospital</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">53</td>
								<td align="center">67.9%</td>
								<td align="center">72.3</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Garcia<sup>22</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2015</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">28</td>
								<td align="center">71.4%</td>
								<td align="center">60.0</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Messias<sup>23</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2016</td>
								<td align="center">Cross-sectional</td>
								<td align="center">Outpatient</td>
								<td align="center">50%</td>
								<td align="center">25</td>
								<td align="center">76.0%</td>
								<td align="center">57.0</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN1">
							<p><italic>NR: not reported; *mean age; HFpEF: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; RCT: randomized clinical trial.</italic></p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Today it is known that, in addition to clinical history, physical examination, and basic tests such as chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, pulmonary function tests and biochemical and hematological tests, the measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or pro-BNP levels is of great value in the diagnosis of HFpEF. When elevated, BNP has a high specificity for the diagnosis of the disease and, when this review was conducted, most studies did not include this parameter. Studies that included the measurement of BNP levels are listed in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230033-gf01.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>Case reports, case series with n&lt;25, editorials, letters to the editors, comments, narrative reviews, studies published as abstracts, studies on animals and <italic>in vitro</italic> studies were excluded.</p>
			<p>Data were extracted from eligible full-text articles by two independent reviewers; summarized data included year of publication, author, study design, EF cut-off values, sample size, sample characteristics (demographic data, comorbidities, clinical features) and outcome measures. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies was used for bias assessment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The risk assessment tool is descriptive and does not provide a score or equivalent.</p>
			<p>The combination of results by meta-analysis was not planned due to the usual heterogeneity in methods, outcomes and sample characteristics of observational studies. The aim of this review was to describe the epidemiology of a condition with few available data. Thus, the results were grouped and described by categories defined by study design and sample characteristics.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results">
			<title>Results</title>
			<p>Study selection was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines and can be visualized in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– PRISMA flowchart of study selection.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230033-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>The search strategy yielded 3,175 records (PubMed: 2,524, LILACS: 651), and 424 duplicates were removed. The title and abstract screening yielded 61 potentially eligible reports that were selected for full-text reading. After screening of the full texts, 24 studies were included for data extraction.</p>
			<p>
				<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> shows the main characteristics of the studies included according to the population – patients with diagnosed HF, suspected HF, and suspected HFpEF. Most were cross-sectional studies (13 of 24), using an EF cut-off of 50% (18 of 24).</p>
			<p>In studies that evaluated patients with suspected HF (<italic>i.e</italic>., without non-cardiac causes of dyspnea)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> or confirmed HF, the number of patients with suspected HF varied from 75 to 2056 regardless of EF. Studies including patients with preserved EF only had considerably smaller sample sizes, varying from 25 to 60 in studies with patients with confirmed HFpEF, and from 85 to 166 in studies involving patients with suspected HFpEF.</p>
			<p>The proportion of women in the samples varied from 34.0 to 91.0% in patients with suspected or confirmed HF, regardless of HF, and from 54.0% to 81.0% in patients with preserved EF. In these studies, age ranges were 52.2-74.7 and 56.0-76.9 years, respectively. Prevalence rates of patients with confirmed HF varied from 28.2% to 59.0% in the outpatient setting, and from 20.0% to 53.1% in the hospital setting. Among patients with suspected HF, the prevalence varied from 24.6% to 46.5% in studies involving patients regardless of their EF, and from 29.0% to 37.6% in studies involving only patients with EF &gt;50%. The prevalence of HFpEF was higher among outpatients with HF. Three studies also reported the prevalence of HF and intermediate EF, varying from 14.2% to 18.9% in patients with confirmed HF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Mean LVEF and BNP values among patients with HFpEF, reported in the studies included, can be visualized in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>.</p>
			<p>
				<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> describes the clinical parameters of HFpEF patients. Data on the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes were described in detail in one study. Patients with NYHA III-IV corresponded to 15.2%-43.2% of the sample in three studies investigating this variable.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> The absence of the use of functional classes in most studies suggests that there is still inappropriate care for many patients.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t2">
					<label>Table 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Prevalence of clinical characteristics and comorbidities in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup width="25%">
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left">Variable</th>
								<th>Number of studies</th>
								<th>Minimum</th>
								<th>Maximum</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td colspan="4"><bold>Clinical parameters</bold></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>LVEF (mean)</td>
								<td align="center">8</td>
								<td align="center">59.0</td>
								<td align="center">71.5</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>BMI (mean)</td>
								<td align="center">6</td>
								<td align="center">28.1</td>
								<td align="center">32.8</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Left atrial volume</td>
								<td align="center">5</td>
								<td align="center">32.6</td>
								<td align="center">44.6</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>BNP (mean)*</td>
								<td align="center">5</td>
								<td align="center">92.9</td>
								<td align="center">144.4</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Creatinine (mean)</td>
								<td align="center">5</td>
								<td align="center">0.92</td>
								<td align="center">0.99</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>NYHA III-IV</td>
								<td align="center">3</td>
								<td align="center">15.2%</td>
								<td align="center">43.2%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>NYHA I</td>
								<td align="center">1</td>
								<td align="center">0.0%</td>
								<td align="center">0.0%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>NYHA II</td>
								<td align="center">1</td>
								<td align="center">9.5%</td>
								<td align="center">9.5%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>NYHA III</td>
								<td align="center">1</td>
								<td align="center">50.9%</td>
								<td align="center">50.9%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>NYHA IV</td>
								<td align="center">1</td>
								<td align="center">39.6%</td>
								<td align="center">39.6%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>NYHA II-III</td>
								<td align="center">1</td>
								<td align="center">100.0%</td>
								<td align="center">100.0%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Right atrial diameter (mm) (mean)</td>
								<td align="center">1</td>
								<td align="center">27</td>
								<td align="center">27</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td colspan="4"><bold>Comorbidities</bold></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Hypertension</td>
								<td align="center">13</td>
								<td align="center">57.4%</td>
								<td align="center">100.0%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td><italic>Diabetes mellitus</italic></td>
								<td align="center">13</td>
								<td align="center">10.2%</td>
								<td align="center">49.1%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Atrial fibrillation</td>
								<td align="center">6</td>
								<td align="center">2.5%</td>
								<td align="center">49.1%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>BMI &gt; 30</td>
								<td align="center">4</td>
								<td align="center">34.0%</td>
								<td align="center">72.9%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Coronary disease</td>
								<td align="center">4</td>
								<td align="center">17.7%</td>
								<td align="center">28.4%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>COPD</td>
								<td align="center">3</td>
								<td align="center">0.0%</td>
								<td align="center">13.9%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Anemia</td>
								<td align="center">3</td>
								<td align="center">0.0%</td>
								<td align="center">21.3%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Chronic renal disease</td>
								<td align="center">2</td>
								<td align="center">3.8%</td>
								<td align="center">16.8%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Previous stroke</td>
								<td align="center">2</td>
								<td align="center">8.9%</td>
								<td align="center">15.4%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Previous myocardial infarction</td>
								<td align="center">1</td>
								<td align="center">10.9%</td>
								<td align="center">10.9%</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN2">
							<p><italic>*One study reported mean brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) values. LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NYHA: New York Heart Association.</italic></p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most commonly assessed clinical parameter in studies on HFpEF, followed by the body mass index (BMI), left atrial volume, BNP and serum creatinine. Detailed data on LVEF and BNP are also presented in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>.</p>
			<p>Studies that included HFpEF patients only and those reporting specific data on HFpEF (n=14) reported data on 10 of the comorbidities selected (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>). The most frequently reported comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes, with prevalence varying from 57.4% to 100.0% and from 10.2 to 49.1%, respectively.</p>
			<p>Five studies reported data on mortality<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> and hospitalization rates<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> in patients with HFpEF. Only one study presented in-hospital mortality data.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Since these studies used different methods and follow-up periods, their results will be presented in a descriptive manner only. In 2008, Moutinho et al. assessed 170 patients with suspected HF who underwent echocardiography at primary care centers, and found that 79 (46.5%) were diagnosed with HFpEF, and 16.5% of these patients were hospitalized during the last year.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> In 2012, Silva,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> evaluated 14-year retrospective data of 549 HF patients seen in a HF outpatient clinic. Among HFpEF patients (n=155, 28.2%), 20.0% had at least one HF-related hospitalization, 25.8% of them had two or more events, and 8.4% died during the follow-up period. Abuhab, in 2012, analyzed data of 577 HF-related hospitalizations and found an in-hospital mortality rate of 24.0% among patients with LVEF &gt; 45%, which was significantly lower than in patients with LVEF ≤45% (34.0% for LVEF 30-45 % and 41% for LVEF &lt;30%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Reis et al., in 2013, followed 138 patients with HFpEF (44.2% with Chagas disease) for one year and found that mortality rate (10.2%) among patients with HFpEF was significantly lower than in patients with systolic dysfunction (23.6%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> D’Almeida et al., in 2018,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> conducted a randomized study with inpatients evaluating the effects of aggressive fluid and sodium restriction on decompensated HFpEF. Thirty-day mortality rate after hospitalization was 7.5% in the sample (n=53). None of the studies reported the causes of death or hospitalization.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the epidemiology of HFpEF in Brazil. Our results revealed a scarcity of data, particularly related to the incidence, population-based prevalence, and clinical characteristics of the patients. Available data were extracted from studies with different methods and sample sizes obtained from different groups of patients (confirmed/suspected HF or HFpEF), making it difficult to compare results and conclusions, and extrapolate them to other contexts and clinical situations.</p>
			<p>Although it was not possible to determine the prevalence of HFpEF in the general population, it is reasonable to assume that the condition affects a significant proportion of HF patients, with estimates greater than 50%. As expected, estimates of HFpEF prevalence were higher in samples of outpatients and in one study with primary care patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Sex distribution of Brazilian patients with HFpEF corroborates data from international studies, with higher proportion of women.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> We could not detect a clear pattern in terms of age rages or mean age, which were similar between HFpEF patients and mixed HF patients.</p>
			<p>According to available literature, HFpEF patients tend to be older,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> although clear differences in designs and methods of sample selection between the studies included may have hampered our ability to detect the same tendency. Clinical parameters such as LVEF, BNP, creatine and BMI were not evaluated in a homogeneous manner in studies that included patients with HFpEF. Only eight of 24 studies reported LVEF data, and only five presented mean BNP values; both variables are important to better understand the characteristics of HFpEF patients. Natriuretic peptides (BNP, N-terminal-pro-BNP, and midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide) are well established criteria for the diagnosis of HF in the clinical guidelines. Despite uncertainties on the diagnostic and prognostic value of these peptides in HFpEF,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup> data from Brazilian patients could add to the general knowledge about the subject.</p>
			<p>Comorbidities like hypertension, coronary artery disease, arial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease have been described<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> as important influencing factors of the pathophysiology of HFpEF, and hence it is reasonable to expect that these diseases are addressed in studies on HFpEF. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was described in most of the studies selected (13/24). In contrast, atrial fibrillation, obesity, coronary artery disease and chronic renal disease were rarely reported in the studies. Besides, the high variability in the prevalence of comorbidities precludes any robust inferences about their frequencies among Brazilian HFpEF patients.</p>
			<p>Data on mortality and hospitalization rates were also scarce. Also, sample characteristics, the duration of follow-up, study design, and result definitions were widely different between the five studies reporting these data. Two studies comparing HFpEF with HFrEF reported lower one-year mortality and in-hospital mortality rates in the HFpEF groups. Although initial observational evidence on the relative risk of death in HFpEF versus HFrEF has yielded inconsistent conclusions,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> most studies have found relatively higher mortality rates in HFrEF patients. More recently, a meta-analysis of experimental and observational studies concluded in favor of a lower risk of death in HFpEF as compared with HFrEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> The causes of death or hospitalization were not detailed in the studies included.</p>
			<p>The PARADIGM-HF study involving HFpEF patients from Brazil and Latin America reported lower hospitalization rates in these populations as compared with North American patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup></p>
			<sec>
				<title>Limitations</title>
				<p>This systematic review was conducted using a reproducible methodology according to a prespecified protocol included in the PROSPERO database. The results are based on published data from independent studies that adopted different methods and included different samples. Therefore, the main limitations of this study concern the variability between the studies included, inherent to observational studies. Today, it is very clear the importance of determining BNP concentrations in the diagnosis of HFpEF. At the time of this review, only five of the studies included assessed BNP. In the last years, progresses have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of HFpEF, with the emergence of new diagnostic options and a diagnostic algorithm for suspicion of HFpEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Despite these limitations, this is the first effort to systematically present the available knowledge about demographic and clinical data, and hospitalization and mortality rates of Brazilian patients with HFpEF. These observations reinforce the need for methodological standards for future studies on hospitalizations for primary care sensitive conditions (ICSAP project), such as standardized diagnostic criteria, and collection of relevant exposure variables (e.g., comorbidities, natriuretic peptides, echocardiographic parameters), and prespecified outcomes.</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusions</title>
			<p>Our findings reflect the dimension and the importance of epidemiological information for the generation of evidence on HFpEF in Brazil. The systematization of these data points to the fact that the population-based prevalence is still unknown and the prevalence of HFpEF among patients with confirmed or suspected HF varies widely in the literature available. Studies with outpatients were predominant and, consequently, they have brought the greater volume of information about HFpEF. However, the lack of reporting of HF functional classes evidenced potential gaps and poor health care in the healthcare system.</p>
			<p>Also, our study highlights that improvements in health information systems are still lacking in Brazil, especially regarding hospital data, leading to limitations in evaluating the actual prevalence and incidence of HFpEF in hospitalized patients. This review gathers information that may serve as an instrument of monitoring and characterizing the clinic-epidemiological profile of HFpEF patients, the impact on the prognosis and the costs of this heterogeneous clinical syndrome, associated with different comorbidities and aging.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ack>
			<title>Acknowledgements</title>
			<p>We thank the Anova Consultoria em Saúde Ltda, for conducting the literature search in the databases, and SPRIM for the writing of the manuscript.</p>
		</ack>
		<ref-list>
			<title>References</title>
			<ref id="B1">
				<label>1</label>
				<mixed-citation>1. Chioncel O, Lainscak M, Seferovic PM, Anker SD, Crespo-Leiro MG, Harjola VP, et al. Epidemiology and One-Year Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Preserved, Mid-Range and Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Analysis of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(12):1574-585. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.813.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Chioncel</surname>
							<given-names>O</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Lainscak</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Seferovic</surname>
							<given-names>PM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Anker</surname>
							<given-names>SD</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Crespo-Leiro</surname>
							<given-names>MG</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Harjola</surname>
							<given-names>VP</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Epidemiology and One-Year Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Preserved, Mid-Range and Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Analysis of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry</article-title>
					<source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
					<year>2017</year>
					<volume>19</volume>
					<issue>12</issue>
					<fpage>1574</fpage>
					<lpage>1585</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ejhf.813</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B2">
				<label>2</label>
				<mixed-citation>2. Borlaug BA. Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17(9):559-73. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0363-2.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Borlaug</surname>
							<given-names>BA</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>Nat Rev Cardiol</source>
					<year>2020</year>
					<volume>17</volume>
					<issue>9</issue>
					<fpage>559</fpage>
					<lpage>573</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41569-020-0363-2</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B3">
				<label>3</label>
				<mixed-citation>3. Upadhya B, Kitzman DW. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: New Approaches to Diagnosis and Management. Clin Cardiol. 2020;43(2):145-55. doi: 10.1002/clc.23321.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Upadhya</surname>
							<given-names>B</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Kitzman</surname>
							<given-names>DW</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: New Approaches to Diagnosis and Management</article-title>
					<source>Clin Cardiol</source>
					<year>2020</year>
					<volume>43</volume>
					<issue>2</issue>
					<fpage>145</fpage>
					<lpage>155</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/clc.23321</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B4">
				<label>4</label>
				<mixed-citation>4. Zakeri R, Cowie MR. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Controversies, Challenges and Future Directions. Heart. 2018;104(5):377-84. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310790.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Zakeri</surname>
							<given-names>R</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Cowie</surname>
							<given-names>MR</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Controversies, Challenges and Future Directions</article-title>
					<source>Heart</source>
					<year>2018</year>
					<volume>104</volume>
					<issue>5</issue>
					<fpage>377</fpage>
					<lpage>384</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310790</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B5">
				<label>5</label>
				<mixed-citation>5. Dunlay SM, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Epidemiology of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14(10):591-602. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.65.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Dunlay</surname>
							<given-names>SM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Roger</surname>
							<given-names>VL</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Redfield</surname>
							<given-names>MM</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Epidemiology of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>Nat Rev Cardiol</source>
					<year>2017</year>
					<volume>14</volume>
					<issue>10</issue>
					<fpage>591</fpage>
					<lpage>602</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nrcardio.2017.65</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B6">
				<label>6</label>
				<mixed-citation>6. Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the Special Contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(27):2129-2200. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Ponikowski</surname>
							<given-names>P</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Voors</surname>
							<given-names>AA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Anker</surname>
							<given-names>SD</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Bueno</surname>
							<given-names>H</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Cleland</surname>
							<given-names>JGF</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Coats</surname>
							<given-names>AJS</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>2016 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the Special Contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC</article-title>
					<source>Eur Heart J</source>
					<year>2016</year>
					<volume>37</volume>
					<issue>27</issue>
					<fpage>2129</fpage>
					<lpage>2200</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B7">
				<label>7</label>
				<mixed-citation>7. Jorge AL, Rosa ML, Martins WA, Correia DM, Fernandes LC, Costa JA, et al. The Prevalence of Stages of Heart Failure in Primary Care: A Population-Based Study. J Card Fail. 2016;22(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.10.017.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Jorge</surname>
							<given-names>AL</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rosa</surname>
							<given-names>ML</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Martins</surname>
							<given-names>WA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Correia</surname>
							<given-names>DM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Fernandes</surname>
							<given-names>LC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Costa</surname>
							<given-names>JA</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>The Prevalence of Stages of Heart Failure in Primary Care: A Population-Based Study</article-title>
					<source>J Card Fail</source>
					<year>2016</year>
					<volume>22</volume>
					<issue>2</issue>
					<fpage>153</fpage>
					<lpage>157</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.10.017</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B8">
				<label>8</label>
				<mixed-citation>8. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies that Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Liberati</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Altman</surname>
							<given-names>DG</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Tetzlaff</surname>
							<given-names>J</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Mulrow</surname>
							<given-names>C</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Gøtzsche</surname>
							<given-names>PC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ioannidis</surname>
							<given-names>JP</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies that Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration</article-title>
					<source>PLoS Med</source>
					<year>2009</year>
					<volume>6</volume>
					<issue>7</issue>
					<elocation-id>e1000100</elocation-id>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B9">
				<label>9</label>
				<mixed-citation>9. The Joanna Briggs Institute. Checklist for Prevalence Studies. Adelaide: JBI; 2017.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="book">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<collab>The Joanna Briggs Institute</collab>
					</person-group>
					<source>Checklist for Prevalence Studies</source>
					<publisher-loc>Adelaide</publisher-loc>
					<publisher-name>JBI</publisher-name>
					<year>2017</year>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B10">
				<label>10</label>
				<mixed-citation>10. Pieske B, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA, Fraser AG, Anker SD, Donal E, et al. How to Diagnose Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Hfa-Peff Diagnostic Algorithm: A Consensus Recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2019;40(40):3297-317. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz641.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Pieske</surname>
							<given-names>B</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Tschöpe</surname>
							<given-names>C</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Boer</surname>
							<given-names>RA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Fraser</surname>
							<given-names>AG</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Anker</surname>
							<given-names>SD</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Donal</surname>
							<given-names>E</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>How to Diagnose Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Hfa-Peff Diagnostic Algorithm: A Consensus Recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)</article-title>
					<source>Eur Heart J</source>
					<year>2019</year>
					<volume>40</volume>
					<issue>40</issue>
					<fpage>3297</fpage>
					<lpage>3317</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehz641</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B11">
				<label>11</label>
				<mixed-citation>11. Cardoso JN, Del Carlo CH, Oliveira MT Jr, Ochiai ME, Kalil R Filho, Barretto ACP. Infection in Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure: In-Hospital Mortality and Outcome. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018;110(4):364-70. doi: 10.5935/abc.20180037.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Cardoso</surname>
							<given-names>JN</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Del Carlo</surname>
							<given-names>CH</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Oliveira</surname>
							<given-names>MT</given-names>
							<suffix>Jr</suffix>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ochiai</surname>
							<given-names>ME</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Kalil</surname>
							<given-names>R</given-names>
							<suffix>Filho</suffix>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Barretto</surname>
							<given-names>ACP</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Infection in Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure: In-Hospital Mortality and Outcome</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2018</year>
					<volume>110</volume>
					<issue>4</issue>
					<fpage>364</fpage>
					<lpage>370</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180037</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B12">
				<label>12</label>
				<mixed-citation>12. Oliveira MMC, Sampaio EES, Kawaoka JR, Hatem MAB, Câmara EJN, Fernandes AMS, et al. Silent Cerebral Infarctions with Reduced, Mid-Range and Preserved Ejection Fraction in Patients with Heart Failure. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018;111(3):419-22. doi: 10.5935/abc.20180140.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Oliveira</surname>
							<given-names>MMC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Sampaio</surname>
							<given-names>EES</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Kawaoka</surname>
							<given-names>JR</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Hatem</surname>
							<given-names>MAB</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Câmara</surname>
							<given-names>EJN</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Fernandes</surname>
							<given-names>AMS</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Silent Cerebral Infarctions with Reduced, Mid-Range and Preserved Ejection Fraction in Patients with Heart Failure</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2018</year>
					<volume>111</volume>
					<issue>3</issue>
					<fpage>419</fpage>
					<lpage>422</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180140</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B13">
				<label>13</label>
				<mixed-citation>13. Wajner A, Zuchinali P, Olsen V, Polanczyk CA, Rohde LE. Causes and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Admitted with or for Heart Failure at a Tertiary Hospital in Brazil. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017;109(4):321-30. doi: 10.5935/abc.20170136.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Wajner</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Zuchinali</surname>
							<given-names>P</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Olsen</surname>
							<given-names>V</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Polanczyk</surname>
							<given-names>CA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rohde</surname>
							<given-names>LE</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Causes and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Admitted with or for Heart Failure at a Tertiary Hospital in Brazil</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2017</year>
					<volume>109</volume>
					<issue>4</issue>
					<fpage>321</fpage>
					<lpage>330</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170136</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B14">
				<label>14</label>
				<mixed-citation>14. Reis FB, Fernándes AM, Andrade GM, Bitencourt A, Nieves F, Franco VH, et al. Influencia de la Etiología sobre la Mortalidad en la Insuficiencia. Rev Argent Cardiol. 2013;81(3):246-50.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Reis</surname>
							<given-names>FB</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Fernándes</surname>
							<given-names>AM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Andrade</surname>
							<given-names>GM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Bitencourt</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Nieves</surname>
							<given-names>F</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Franco</surname>
							<given-names>VH</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Influencia de la Etiología sobre la Mortalidad en la Insuficiencia</article-title>
					<source>Rev Argent Cardiol</source>
					<year>2013</year>
					<volume>81</volume>
					<issue>3</issue>
					<fpage>246</fpage>
					<lpage>250</lpage>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B15">
				<label>15</label>
				<mixed-citation>15. Moutinho MAE, Colucci FA, Alcoforado V, Tavares LR, Rachid MBF, Rosa MLG, et al. Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Preservada e com Disfunção Sistólica na Comunidade. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;90(2):145-50. doi: 10.1590/S0066-782X2008000200011.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Moutinho</surname>
							<given-names>MAE</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Colucci</surname>
							<given-names>FA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Alcoforado</surname>
							<given-names>V</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Tavares</surname>
							<given-names>LR</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rachid</surname>
							<given-names>MBF</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rosa</surname>
							<given-names>MLG</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Preservada e com Disfunção Sistólica na Comunidade</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2008</year>
					<volume>90</volume>
					<issue>2</issue>
					<fpage>145</fpage>
					<lpage>150</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2008000200011</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B16">
				<label>16</label>
				<mixed-citation>16. Silva VG. Fatores Associados a Óbito e Hospitalizações em uma Clínica de Insuficiência Cardíaca Dissertação. Rio de Janeiro. Dissertação [Mestrado em Enfermagem] - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2012.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="thesis">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Silva</surname>
							<given-names>VG</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<source>Fatores Associados a Óbito e Hospitalizações em uma Clínica de Insuficiência Cardíaca</source>
					<comment>Dissertação</comment>
					<publisher-loc>Rio de Janeiro</publisher-loc>
					<comment>Dissertação [Mestrado em Enfermagem]</comment>
					<publisher-name>Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</publisher-name>
					<year>2012</year>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B17">
				<label>17</label>
				<mixed-citation>17. D’Almeida KSM, Rabelo-Silva ER, Souza GC, Trojahn MM, Barilli SLS, Aliti G, et al. Aggressive Fluid and Sodium Restriction in Decompensated Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrition. 2018;54:111-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.007.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>D’Almeida</surname>
							<given-names>KSM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rabelo-Silva</surname>
							<given-names>ER</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Souza</surname>
							<given-names>GC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Trojahn</surname>
							<given-names>MM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Barilli</surname>
							<given-names>SLS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Aliti</surname>
							<given-names>G</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Aggressive Fluid and Sodium Restriction in Decompensated Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial</article-title>
					<source>Nutrition</source>
					<year>2018</year>
					<volume>54</volume>
					<fpage>111</fpage>
					<lpage>117</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.007</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B18">
				<label>18</label>
				<mixed-citation>18. Pfeffer MA, Shah AM, Borlaug BA. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction In Perspective. Circ Res. 2019;124(11):1598-617. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.313572.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Pfeffer</surname>
							<given-names>MA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Shah</surname>
							<given-names>AM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Borlaug</surname>
							<given-names>BA</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction In Perspective</article-title>
					<source>Circ Res</source>
					<year>2019</year>
					<volume>124</volume>
					<issue>11</issue>
					<fpage>1598</fpage>
					<lpage>1617</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.313572</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B19">
				<label>19</label>
				<mixed-citation>19. Abuhab A. Análise de Dados de Pacientes Internados por Insuficiência Cardíaca Descompensada – Impacto sobre Desfechos Clínicos e Custos. São Paulo. Tese [Doutorado em Medicina] - Universidade de São Paulo; 2012.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="thesis">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Abuhab</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<source>Análise de Dados de Pacientes Internados por Insuficiência Cardíaca Descompensada – Impacto sobre Desfechos Clínicos e Custos</source>
					<publisher-loc>São Paulo</publisher-loc>
					<comment>Tese [Doutorado em Medicina]</comment>
					<publisher-name>Universidade de São Paulo</publisher-name>
					<year>2012</year>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B20">
				<label>20</label>
				<mixed-citation>20. Goldraich L, Clausell N, Biolo A, Silva LB, Rohde LE. Clinical Predictors of Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Decompensated Heart Failure. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;94(3):364-71. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2010000300017.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Goldraich</surname>
							<given-names>L</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Clausell</surname>
							<given-names>N</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Biolo</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Silva</surname>
							<given-names>LB</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rohde</surname>
							<given-names>LE</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Clinical Predictors of Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Decompensated Heart Failure</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2010</year>
					<volume>94</volume>
					<issue>3</issue>
					<fpage>364</fpage>
					<lpage>371</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0066-782x2010000300017</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B21">
				<label>21</label>
				<mixed-citation>21. Pereira VFA, Valentin LSS. The MentalPlus® Digital Game Might Be an Accessible Open Source Tool to Evaluate Cognitive Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Hypertensive Patients: A Pilot Exploratory Study. Int J Hypertens. 2018;2018:6028534. doi: 10.1155/2018/6028534.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Pereira</surname>
							<given-names>VFA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Valentin</surname>
							<given-names>LSS</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>The MentalPlus® Digital Game Might Be an Accessible Open Source Tool to Evaluate Cognitive Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Hypertensive Patients: A Pilot Exploratory Study</article-title>
					<source>Int J Hypertens</source>
					<year>2018</year>
					<volume>2018</volume>
					<size units="pages">6028534</size>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2018/6028534</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B22">
				<label>22</label>
				<mixed-citation>22. Garcia EL, Menezes MG, Stefani CDM, Danzmann LC, Torres AR. Ergoespirometria e Ecocardiograma na Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Preservada: Estágio Inicial e em Saudáveis. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015;105(3):248–55.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Garcia</surname>
							<given-names>EL</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Menezes</surname>
							<given-names>MG</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Stefani</surname>
							<given-names>CDM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Danzmann</surname>
							<given-names>LC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Torres</surname>
							<given-names>AR</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Ergoespirometria e Ecocardiograma na Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Preservada: Estágio Inicial e em Saudáveis</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2015</year>
					<volume>105</volume>
					<issue>3</issue>
					<fpage>248</fpage>
					<lpage>255</lpage>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B23">
				<label>23</label>
				<mixed-citation>23. Messias LR, Messias AC, Miranda SM, Wiefels CC, Ferreira AG, Santos LM, et al. Abnormal Adrenergic Activation is the Major Determinant of Reduced Functional Capacity in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Int J Cardiol. 2016;203:900-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.224.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Messias</surname>
							<given-names>LR</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Messias</surname>
							<given-names>AC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Miranda</surname>
							<given-names>SM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Wiefels</surname>
							<given-names>CC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ferreira</surname>
							<given-names>AG</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Santos</surname>
							<given-names>LM</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Abnormal Adrenergic Activation is the Major Determinant of Reduced Functional Capacity in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>Int J Cardiol</source>
					<year>2016</year>
					<volume>203</volume>
					<fpage>900</fpage>
					<lpage>902</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.224</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B24">
				<label>24</label>
				<mixed-citation>24. Gerber Y, Weston SA, Redfield MM, Chamberlain AM, Manemann SM, Jiang R, et al. A Contemporary Appraisal of the Heart Failure Epidemic in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(6):996-1004. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0924.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Gerber</surname>
							<given-names>Y</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Weston</surname>
							<given-names>SA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Redfield</surname>
							<given-names>MM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Chamberlain</surname>
							<given-names>AM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Manemann</surname>
							<given-names>SM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Jiang</surname>
							<given-names>R</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>A Contemporary Appraisal of the Heart Failure Epidemic in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010</article-title>
					<source>JAMA Intern Med</source>
					<year>2015</year>
					<volume>175</volume>
					<issue>6</issue>
					<fpage>996</fpage>
					<lpage>1004</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0924</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B25">
				<label>25</label>
				<mixed-citation>25. Meijers WC, van der Velde AR, de Boer RA. Biomarkers in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Neth Heart J. 2016;24(4):252-8. doi: 10.1007/s12471-016-0817-7.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Meijers</surname>
							<given-names>WC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>van der Velde</surname>
							<given-names>AR</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>de Boer</surname>
							<given-names>RA</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Biomarkers in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>Neth Heart J</source>
					<year>2016</year>
					<volume>24</volume>
					<issue>4</issue>
					<fpage>252</fpage>
					<lpage>258</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12471-016-0817-7</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B26">
				<label>26</label>
				<mixed-citation>26. Buckley LF, Canada JM, Del Buono MG, Carbone S, Trankle CR, Billingsley H, et al. Low NT-proBNP Levels in overweight and Obese Patients do Not Rule Out a Diagnosis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. ESC Heart Fail. 2018;5(2):372-8. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12235.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Buckley</surname>
							<given-names>LF</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Canada</surname>
							<given-names>JM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Del Buono</surname>
							<given-names>MG</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Carbone</surname>
							<given-names>S</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Trankle</surname>
							<given-names>CR</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Billingsley</surname>
							<given-names>H</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Low NT-proBNP Levels in overweight and Obese Patients do Not Rule Out a Diagnosis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>ESC Heart Fail</source>
					<year>2018</year>
					<volume>5</volume>
					<issue>2</issue>
					<fpage>372</fpage>
					<lpage>378</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ehf2.12235</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B27">
				<label>27</label>
				<mixed-citation>27. Khalid U, Wruck LM, Quibrera PM, Bozkurt B, Nambi V, Virani SS, et al. BNP and Obesity in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Preserved vs. Reduced Ejection Fraction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Surveillance Study. Int J Cardiol. 2017;233:61-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.130.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Khalid</surname>
							<given-names>U</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Wruck</surname>
							<given-names>LM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Quibrera</surname>
							<given-names>PM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Bozkurt</surname>
							<given-names>B</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Nambi</surname>
							<given-names>V</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Virani</surname>
							<given-names>SS</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>BNP and Obesity in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Preserved vs. Reduced Ejection Fraction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Surveillance Study</article-title>
					<source>Int J Cardiol</source>
					<year>2017</year>
					<volume>233</volume>
					<fpage>61</fpage>
					<lpage>66</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.130</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B28">
				<label>28</label>
				<mixed-citation>28. Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC). The Survival of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved or Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(14):1750-7. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr254.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<collab>Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC)</collab>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>The Survival of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved or Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis</article-title>
					<source>Eur Heart J</source>
					<year>2012</year>
					<volume>33</volume>
					<issue>14</issue>
					<fpage>1750</fpage>
					<lpage>1757</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehr254</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B29">
				<label>29</label>
				<mixed-citation>29. Correia LC, Rassi A Jr. Paradigm-HF: A Paradigm Shift in Heart Failure Treatment? Arq Bras Cardiol. 2016;106(1):77-9. doi: 10.5935/abc.20160009.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Correia</surname>
							<given-names>LC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rassi</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
							<suffix>Jr</suffix>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Paradigm-HF: A Paradigm Shift in Heart Failure Treatment?</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2016</year>
					<volume>106</volume>
					<issue>1</issue>
					<fpage>77</fpage>
					<lpage>79</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20160009</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B30">
				<label>30</label>
				<mixed-citation>30. Balieiro HM, Osugue RK, Rangel SP, Brandão R, Balieiro TL, Bernardez S, et al. Clinical and Demographic Profile and Quality Indicators for Heart Failure in a Rural Area. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2009;93(6):637-42. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2009001200020.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Balieiro</surname>
							<given-names>HM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Osugue</surname>
							<given-names>RK</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rangel</surname>
							<given-names>SP</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Brandão</surname>
							<given-names>R</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Balieiro</surname>
							<given-names>TL</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Bernardez</surname>
							<given-names>S</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Clinical and Demographic Profile and Quality Indicators for Heart Failure in a Rural Area</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2009</year>
					<volume>93</volume>
					<issue>6</issue>
					<fpage>637</fpage>
					<lpage>642</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0066-782x2009001200020</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B31">
				<label>31</label>
				<mixed-citation>31. Gripp EDA, Tedeschi B, Luiza A, Sales F, Iso MDA, Pimenta P, et al. Os Resultados dos Registros Internacionais de Insuficiência Cardíaca Descompensada se Aplicam aos Pacientes Brasileiros? Rev SOCERJ. 2009;22(3):165-9.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Gripp</surname>
							<given-names>EDA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Tedeschi</surname>
							<given-names>B</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Luiza</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Sales</surname>
							<given-names>F</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Iso</surname>
							<given-names>MDA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Pimenta</surname>
							<given-names>P</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Os Resultados dos Registros Internacionais de Insuficiência Cardíaca Descompensada se Aplicam aos Pacientes Brasileiros?</article-title>
					<source>Rev SOCERJ</source>
					<year>2009</year>
					<volume>22</volume>
					<issue>3</issue>
					<fpage>165</fpage>
					<lpage>169</lpage>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B32">
				<label>32</label>
				<mixed-citation>32. Mangini S, Silveira FS, Silva CP, Grativvol PS, Seguro LF, Ferreira SM, et al. Decompensated Heart Failure in the Emergency Department of a Cardiology Hospital. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;90(6):400-6. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2008000600008.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Mangini</surname>
							<given-names>S</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Silveira</surname>
							<given-names>FS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Silva</surname>
							<given-names>CP</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Grativvol</surname>
							<given-names>PS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Seguro</surname>
							<given-names>LF</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ferreira</surname>
							<given-names>SM</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Decompensated Heart Failure in the Emergency Department of a Cardiology Hospital</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2008</year>
					<volume>90</volume>
					<issue>6</issue>
					<fpage>400</fpage>
					<lpage>406</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0066-782x2008000600008</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B33">
				<label>33</label>
				<mixed-citation>33. Nogueira PR, Rassi S, Corrêa KS. Epidemiological, Clinical e Therapeutic Profile of Heart Failure in a Tertiary Hospital. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;95(3):392-8. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2010005000102.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Nogueira</surname>
							<given-names>PR</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rassi</surname>
							<given-names>S</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Corrêa</surname>
							<given-names>KS</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Epidemiological, Clinical e Therapeutic Profile of Heart Failure in a Tertiary Hospital</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2010</year>
					<volume>95</volume>
					<issue>3</issue>
					<fpage>392</fpage>
					<lpage>398</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0066-782x2010005000102</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B34">
				<label>34</label>
				<mixed-citation>34. Rycembel CM, Velasco HF, Sauer D, Savaris FE, Oliveira EB, Danzmann LC, et al. Estudo das Diferenças Antropométricas e de Comorbidades entre Pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Preservada e Reduzida. Rev AMRIGS. 2013;57(1):21-5.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Rycembel</surname>
							<given-names>CM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Velasco</surname>
							<given-names>HF</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Sauer</surname>
							<given-names>D</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Savaris</surname>
							<given-names>FE</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Oliveira</surname>
							<given-names>EB</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Danzmann</surname>
							<given-names>LC</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Estudo das Diferenças Antropométricas e de Comorbidades entre Pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Preservada e Reduzida</article-title>
					<source>Rev AMRIGS</source>
					<year>2013</year>
					<volume>57</volume>
					<issue>1</issue>
					<fpage>21</fpage>
					<lpage>25</lpage>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B35">
				<label>35</label>
				<mixed-citation>35. Villacorta H, Saenz-Tello BF, Santos EB, Steffen R, Wiefels C, Lima LC, et al. Renal Dysfunction and Anemia in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced versus Normal Ejection Fraction. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;94(3):357-63, 378-84. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2010000300016.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Villacorta</surname>
							<given-names>H</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Saenz-Tello</surname>
							<given-names>BF</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Santos</surname>
							<given-names>EB</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Steffen</surname>
							<given-names>R</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Wiefels</surname>
							<given-names>C</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Lima</surname>
							<given-names>LC</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Renal Dysfunction and Anemia in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced versus Normal Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2010</year>
					<volume>94</volume>
					<issue>3</issue>
					<fpage>378</fpage>
					<lpage>384</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0066-782x2010000300016</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B36">
				<label>36</label>
				<mixed-citation>36. Jorge AJ, Ribeiro ML, Rosa ML, Licio FV, Fernandes LC, Lanzieri PG, et al. Left Atrium Measurement in Patients Suspected of Having Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;98(2):175-81. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2012005000009.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Jorge</surname>
							<given-names>AJ</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
							<given-names>ML</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rosa</surname>
							<given-names>ML</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Licio</surname>
							<given-names>FV</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Fernandes</surname>
							<given-names>LC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Lanzieri</surname>
							<given-names>PG</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Left Atrium Measurement in Patients Suspected of Having Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2012</year>
					<volume>98</volume>
					<issue>2</issue>
					<fpage>175</fpage>
					<lpage>181</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0066-782x2012005000009</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B37">
				<label>37</label>
				<mixed-citation>37. Jorge AJ, Freire MD, Ribeiro ML, Fernandes LC, Lanzieri PG, Jorge BA, et al. Utility of B-type Natriuretic Peptide Measurement in Outpatients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32(9):647-52. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.10.019.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Jorge</surname>
							<given-names>AJ</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Freire</surname>
							<given-names>MD</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
							<given-names>ML</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Fernandes</surname>
							<given-names>LC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Lanzieri</surname>
							<given-names>PG</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Jorge</surname>
							<given-names>BA</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Utility of B-type Natriuretic Peptide Measurement in Outpatients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>Rev Port Cardiol</source>
					<year>2013</year>
					<volume>32</volume>
					<issue>9</issue>
					<fpage>647</fpage>
					<lpage>652</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.repc.2012.10.019</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B38">
				<label>38</label>
				<mixed-citation>38. Jorge AJ, Rosa ML, Ribeiro ML, Fernandes LC, Freire MD, Correia DS, et al. Assessing Strategies for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction at the Outpatient Clinic. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014;103(3):231-7. doi: 10.5935/abc.20140120.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Jorge</surname>
							<given-names>AJ</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rosa</surname>
							<given-names>ML</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
							<given-names>ML</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Fernandes</surname>
							<given-names>LC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Freire</surname>
							<given-names>MD</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Correia</surname>
							<given-names>DS</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Assessing Strategies for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction at the Outpatient Clinic</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2014</year>
					<volume>103</volume>
					<issue>3</issue>
					<fpage>231</fpage>
					<lpage>237</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140120</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B39">
				<label>39</label>
				<mixed-citation>39. Jorge AJ, Silva EN, Fernandes LC, Ribeiro ML, Mesquita ET, Licio FV. Evaluation of Longitudinal Systolic Function in Heart Failure with Normal Ejection Fraction. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;94(6):799-805. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2010005000050.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Jorge</surname>
							<given-names>AJ</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Silva</surname>
							<given-names>EN</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Fernandes</surname>
							<given-names>LC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
							<given-names>ML</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Mesquita</surname>
							<given-names>ET</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Licio</surname>
							<given-names>FV</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Evaluation of Longitudinal Systolic Function in Heart Failure with Normal Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2010</year>
					<volume>94</volume>
					<issue>6</issue>
					<fpage>799</fpage>
					<lpage>805</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0066-782x2010005000050</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B40">
				<label>40</label>
				<mixed-citation>40. Jorge AJL, Rosa MLG, Freire MDC, Correia DMS, Fernandes LCM, Ribeiro ML, et al. Deficiência de Vitamina D em Pacientes com Suspeita de Insuficiência Cardíaca e Fração de Ejeção Normal. Rev Bras Cardiol. 2013;26(4):253-8.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Jorge</surname>
							<given-names>AJL</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rosa</surname>
							<given-names>MLG</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Freire</surname>
							<given-names>MDC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Correia</surname>
							<given-names>DMS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Fernandes</surname>
							<given-names>LCM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
							<given-names>ML</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Deficiência de Vitamina D em Pacientes com Suspeita de Insuficiência Cardíaca e Fração de Ejeção Normal</article-title>
					<source>Rev Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2013</year>
					<volume>26</volume>
					<issue>4</issue>
					<fpage>253</fpage>
					<lpage>258</lpage>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Study association</p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
				<p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by">
				<p>Sources of funding</p>
				<p>This study was partially funded by Novartis (statistical support and study design)</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Artigo de Revisão</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Preservada no Brasil: Uma Revisão Sistemática</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9204-485X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bocchi</surname>
						<given-names>Edimar Alcides</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito e Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados e Obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7040-396X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Brandão</surname>
						<given-names>Andréa Araujo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito e Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados e Obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7452-3870</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mesquita</surname>
						<given-names>Evandro Tinoco</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito e Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados e Obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3002"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4002"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Nakamuta</surname>
						<given-names>Juliana S.</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Análise estatística e Obtenção de financiamento</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5002"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6830-6629</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bichels</surname>
						<given-names>André Valente</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Análise estatística e Obtenção de financiamento</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5002"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3957-5798</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Forestiero</surname>
						<given-names>Francisco José</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Análise estatística e Obtenção de financiamento</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5002"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3002">
				<label>3</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói, RJ – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4002">
				<label>4</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Complexo Hospitalar CHN de Niterói, Niterói, RJ – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff5002">
				<label>5</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Novartis Biociências AS, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002"><bold>Correspondência: Evandro Tinoco Mesquita</bold> • Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro - Av. Marquês do Paraná, 303. CEP 24033-900, Centro, Niterói, RJ - Brasil. E-mail: etmesquita@gmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
					<p>Não há conflito com o presente artigo</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumo</title>
				<p>A insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEP) é a condição mais comum de insuficiência cardíaca (IC) em pacientes com mais de 65 anos, associada a elevada morbimortalidade. Os dados epidemiológicos desta condição no Brasil ainda são escassos e esses dados são relevantes para uma melhor compreensão do impacto e necessidades não atendidas na ICFEP e planejamento de ações que possam melhorar a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da doença.</p>
				<p>Objetivo do estudo foi identificar as evidências sobre a epidemiologia e as características clínicas dos pacientes brasileiros com ICFEP.</p>
				<p>Revisamos sistematicamente estudos observacionais e clínicos avaliando dados epidemiológicos e perfil clínico de pacientes brasileiros com ICFEP nas bases de dados Pubmed/ MEDLINE e LILACS, de acordo com a recomendação PRISMA.</p>
				<p>A prevalência de ICFEP em pacientes com IC confirmada variou de 28,2 a 59,0% no ambiente ambulatorial e de 20,0% a 53,1% no ambiente hospitalar. Entre os pacientes com suspeita de IC, a prevalência de pacientes com Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo FEVE&gt; 50 % foi de 29,0 a 37,6%. As comorbidades mais frequentemente relatadas foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes, com prevalência de 57,4 a 100,0% e de 10,2 a 49,1%, em estudos envolvendo apenas pacientes com ICFEP ou estudos específicos para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção normal (ICFEN) (n = 14), respectivamente. Dados sobre mortalidade e taxa de hospitalização foram escassos.</p>
				<p>Apesar de dados escassos e heterogêneos de prevalência da ICFEP no Brasil observou-se importante prevalência na atenção primária e em pacientes hospitalizados.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca</kwd>
				<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Preservada</kwd>
				<kwd>Epidemiologia</kwd>
				<kwd>Comorbidade</kwd>
				<kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEP), definida pela fração de ejeção (FE) ≥ 50 %,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> é a condição mais prevalente (presente em &gt;70% dos casos) em pacientes com mais de 65 anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> É uma síndrome clínica complexa e heterogênea com elevada morbimortalidade, caracterizada por sintomas que estão associados a uma capacidade reduzida do coração de bombear o sangue adequadamente em pressões normais de preenchimento durante a diátole.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>Pacientes com ICFEP apresentam aumento nos níveis de peptídeos natriuréticos plasmáticos em resposta a elevações no estresse da parede cardíaca diastólica,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> e podem apresentar somente 35 % de sobrevida em cinco anos após hospitalização.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A prevalência populacional geral da ICFEP é estimada em 1-3% e espera-se incremento futuro pelo envelhecimento, melhor diagnóstico e aumento de comorbidades como diabetes, hipertensão, obesidade e fibrilação atrial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Esses pacientes apresentam comprometimento da qualidade de vida, altas taxas de hospitalização e morte prematura,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e taxas de mortalidade chegando a 6,3 % em um ano <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> semelhante a ICFER nos indivíduos após hospitalização.</p>
				<p>No Brasil, os dados epidemiológicos da ICFEP ainda são escassos. Em 2016, foi realizado estudo epidemiológico transversal para avaliar a prevalência de IC e seus fenótipos em indivíduos atendidos em unidades básicas de saúde na cidade de Niterói, Brasil. Nesta amostra, 59% apresentavam ICFEP, e 41% IC de FE reduzida (ICFER). A ICFEP foi mais prevalente em mulheres, pacientes mais velhos, mais obesos com uma proporção maior de hipertensão e diabetes do que aqueles com ICFER.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Para melhor entendimento do impacto e necessidades não atendidas na ICFEP, é essencial a produção de dados epidemiológicos que orientarão médicos e tomadores de decisão no planejamento de intervenções preventivas, diagnósticas e de tratamento da doença. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão é identificar as evidências disponíveis sobre características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes brasileiros com ICFEP.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="methods">
				<title>Métodos</title>
				<p>O protocolo de revisão sistemática foi registrado na base <italic>International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews</italic> (PROSPERO) sob o número CRD42019122380. Revisamos sistematicamente estudos observacionais e clínicos avaliando dados epidemiológicos e perfil clínico de pacientes brasileiros com ICFEP, seguindo as diretrizes de itens de notificação preferenciais para revisão sistemática e meta-análise (PRISMA).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
				<p>As bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed e LILACS foram utilizadas para pesquisa de estudos brasileiros publicados do início de 2008 até 10 de dezembro de 2018. As estratégias de busca incluíram Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)/ Descritores em ciências da saúde (DeCS) e termos gerais, sem restrição de idioma ou ano, e foram divididas em dois grupos de busca: “doenças e condiçoes” e “população (país)”.</p>
				<p>A estratégia de busca no MEDLINE (via PubMed) para “doenças e condições” foi a seguinte: ((Heart Failure[Mesh] OR “Heart Failure, Diastolic”[Mesh] OR heart failure[Text Word] OR Heart Failure Preserved Ejection Fraction (HfpEF) and Heart Failure Normal Ejection Fraction OR cardiac failure[Text Word] OR cardiac insufficiency[Text Word] OR diastolic heart failure[Text Word] OR “Atrial Fibrillation”[Mesh] OR atrial fibrillation[Text Word] OR “Natriuretic Peptide, Brain”[Mesh] OR BNP[Text Word]) OR ((“Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular”[Mesh] OR Left Ventricular Hypertrophy[Text Word] OR LVH[Text Word] OR “Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic”[Mesh]) AND (Hypertension[Mesh] OR hypertension[Text Word] OR Blood Pressure[Mesh])) OR (“Amyloidosis”[Mesh] AND (cardio*[tw] OR cardia*[tw])). Para “população (país)” a estratégia MEDLINE ( via PubMed) utilizada foi: (Brazil[Mesh] OR Brazil*[All Fields] OR Brasil*[All Fields] OR Portuguese[LA] OR Brazil[PL] OR São Paulo[All Fields] OR Rio de Janeiro[All Fields] OR Brasília[All Fields] OR Salvador[All Fields] OR Niterói[All Fields] OR Goiânia[All Fields] OR Porto Alegre[All Fields] OR Belo Horizonte[All Fields] OR Recife[All Fields] OR Campinas[All Fields] OR Ribeirão Preto[All Fields]). Essa mesma estratégia foi utilizada para a base de dados LILACS, incluindo todas as palavras significativas e relacionadas com as vertentes descritas anteriormente para “doenças e condições” e “população (país)”.</p>
				<p>Após aplicar a estratégia de busca às bases de dados selecionadas, os títulos e resumos foram examinados quanto a registros relevantes, e as publicações em texto completo dos resumos selecionados foram recuperados para uma análise detalhada. A triagem foi conduzida por quatro revisores.</p>
				<p>As publicações foram consideradas elegíveis se relatassem dados primários sobre qualquer um dos seguintes dados: 1) prevalência ou incidência de ICFEP, 2) taxas de mortalidade ou hospitalização por ICFEP, ou 3) características clínicas de pacientes com ICFEP.</p>
				<p>Os estudos selecionados também atenderam aos seguintes critérios de elegibilidade: estudos observacionais ou experimentais envolvendo apenas pacientes brasileiros ou relatando dados especificamente para pacientes brasileiros, com tamanho da amostra igual ou maior a 25 pacientes, e publicados nos últimos 10 anos (2008-2018). A ICFEP foi definida por avaliação objetiva da FE ≥ 50%. Também considerou-se levantar estudos com FE ≥ 45 %, uma vez que na época do levantamento, cinco artigos selecionados consideravam este valor de corte como ICFEP (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1002">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t1002">
						<label>Tabela 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Características dos estudos incluídos</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup width="13%">
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="left">Primeiro autor</th>
									<th>Ano</th>
									<th>Desenho do estudo</th>
									<th>Local de tratamento</th>
									<th>Valor de corte</th>
									<th>Tamanho amostral</th>
									<th>% Mulheres</th>
									<th>Média etária</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td colspan="8"><bold>Pacientes diagnosticados com insuficiência cardíaca, independentemente das amostras de fração de ejeção</bold></td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Abuhab<sup>19</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2012</td>
									<td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
									<td align="center">Hospitalar</td>
									<td align="center">45%</td>
									<td align="center">577</td>
									<td align="center">39,3%</td>
									<td align="center">69,0*</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Balieiro<sup>30</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2009</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">166</td>
									<td align="center">63,0%</td>
									<td align="center">59,0</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Reis<sup>14</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2013</td>
									<td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">45%</td>
									<td align="center">383</td>
									<td align="center">55,8%</td>
									<td align="center">52,2</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Cardoso<sup>11</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2018</td>
									<td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
									<td align="center">Hospitalar</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">260</td>
									<td align="center">45,8%</td>
									<td align="center">66,1</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Goldraich<sup>20</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2010</td>
									<td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
									<td align="center">Hospitalar</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">721</td>
									<td align="center">50,2%</td>
									<td align="center">66,0</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Gripp<sup>31</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2009</td>
									<td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
									<td align="center">Hospitalar</td>
									<td align="center">40%</td>
									<td align="center">322</td>
									<td align="center">34,0%</td>
									<td align="center">63,5</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Jorge<sup>7</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2016</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">633</td>
									<td align="center">74,0%</td>
									<td align="center">72,5</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Mangini<sup>32</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2008</td>
									<td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
									<td align="center">Hospitalar</td>
									<td align="center">45%</td>
									<td align="center">212</td>
									<td align="center">44,0%</td>
									<td align="center">59,9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Nogueira<sup>33</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2010</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Hospitalar</td>
									<td align="center">45%</td>
									<td align="center">144</td>
									<td align="center">45,8%</td>
									<td align="center">61,0</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Oliveira<sup>11</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2018</td>
									<td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">75</td>
									<td align="center">44,0%</td>
									<td align="center">61,8</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Rycembel<sup>34</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2013</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">155</td>
									<td align="center">60,4%</td>
									<td align="center">64,7</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Silva<sup>16</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2012</td>
									<td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">549</td>
									<td align="center">49,0%</td>
									<td align="center">NR</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Villacorta<sup>35</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2010</td>
									<td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">209</td>
									<td align="center">66,4%</td>
									<td align="center">61,7</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Wajner<sup>13</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2017</td>
									<td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">2056</td>
									<td align="center">49,0%</td>
									<td align="center">71,0*</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td colspan="8"><bold>Pacientes com suspeita clínica de insuficiência cardíaca, independentemente das amostras de fração de ejeção</bold></td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Jorge<sup>36</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2012</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">142</td>
									<td align="center">91,0%</td>
									<td align="center">73,6</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Jorge<sup>37</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2013a</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">161</td>
									<td align="center">80,0%</td>
									<td align="center">74,7</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Moutinho<sup>15</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2008</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">45%</td>
									<td align="center">239</td>
									<td align="center">60,8%</td>
									<td align="center">61,5</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td colspan="8"><bold>Amostra de pacientes com suspeita clínica de insuficiência cardíaca e fração de ejeção preservada</bold></td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Jorge<sup>38</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2014</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">166</td>
									<td align="center">72,0%</td>
									<td align="center">67,9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Jorge<sup>39</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2010</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">118</td>
									<td align="center">78,9%</td>
									<td align="center">75,0</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Jorge<sup>40</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2013b</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">85</td>
									<td align="center">81,0%</td>
									<td align="center">76,9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td colspan="8"><bold>Amostra de pacientes somente com ICFEP</bold></td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Pereira<sup>21</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2018</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">60</td>
									<td align="center">54,0%</td>
									<td align="center">56,0</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>D’Almeida<sup>17</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2018</td>
									<td align="center">ECR</td>
									<td align="center">Hospitalar</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">53</td>
									<td align="center">67,9%</td>
									<td align="center">72,3</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Garcia<sup>22</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2015</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">28</td>
									<td align="center">71,4%</td>
									<td align="center">60,0</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Messias<sup>23</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2016</td>
									<td align="center">Transversal</td>
									<td align="center">Ambulatorial</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">25</td>
									<td align="center">76,0%</td>
									<td align="center">57,0</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN1002">
								<p><italic>ICFEP: insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada; ECR: ensaio clínico randomizado; NR: não reportado; *media etária</italic></p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>Atualmente, sabe-se que, além de anamnese, exame físico e exames básicos como radiografia de tórax, eletrocardiograma, teste de função pulmonar e exames bioquímicos e hematológicos, a dosagem de BNP (peptídeo natriurético tipo B) ou pró- BNP é de grande valor para o diagnóstico da ICFEP. O BNP, se elevado, apresenta grande especificidade para o diagnóstico da doença e, quando esta revisão foi realizada, a maioria dos estudos não considerou esta dosagem. Os estudos que realizaram avaliação de BNP estão listados na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Valores médios de fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) (A) e peptídeo natriurético cerebral (BNP) (B) nos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e fração de ejeção preservada.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230033-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>Relatos de casos, séries de casos com n &lt;25, editoriais, cartas aos editores, comentários, revisões narrativas, estudos publicados apenas em formato de resumo, estudos em animais e estudos <italic>in vitro</italic> foram excluídos.</p>
				<p>Os dados de artigos elegíveis com texto completo foram extraídos por dois revisores independentes. Os dados resumidos incluíram ano de publicação e autor, desenho do estudo, pontos de corte da FE, tamanho da amostra, características da amostra (dados demográficos, comorbidades, características clínicas) e medidas de resultados. A avaliação do viés foi baseada no “Instrumento de Avaliação Crítica” do <italic>Joanna Briggs Institute</italic> para Estudos que relatam dados de prevalência.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A ferramenta de avaliação de risco é descritiva e não fornece uma pontuação ou similar.</p>
				<p>Combinar os resultados por meio de metanálise não foi planejado, devido à heterogeneidade usual nos métodos, desfechos e características da amostra de estudos observacionais. O objetivo da revisão foi descrever a epidemiologia de uma condição com dados escassos previstos, portanto, os resultados foram agrupados e apresentados de forma descritiva de acordo com categorias definidas em termos de desenho do estudo e características da amostra.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>Resultados</title>
				<p>O processo de seleção dos estudos, realizado de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA, pode ser visto na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2</xref>.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Fluxograma de seleção dos estudos.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-03-e20230033-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>A estratégia de busca rendeu inicialmente 3175 registros (PubMed: 2524, LILACS: 651), sendo 424 deles removidos como duplicatas. A triagem de título e resumo resultou em 61 registros potencialmente elegíveis que foram selecionados para leitura de texto completo. Após a triagem de texto completo, 24 estudos foram incluídos para extração de dados.</p>
				<p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1002">Tabela 1</xref> apresenta as principais características dos estudos incluídos, de acordo com a população – pacientes com IC diagnosticada, suspeita clínica de IC, suspeita clínica de ICFEP e pacientes com ICFEP. A maioria dos estudos (13 de 24) foi transversal, conduzida em ambiente ambulatorial (17 de 24) e adotou um ponto de corte para a FE de 50% (18 de 24).</p>
				<p>Em estudos que avaliaram pacientes com IC suspeita, ou seja, com ausência de causas não cardíacas de falta de ar<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> ou confirmada, o número de pacientes com suspeita de IC variou de 75 a 2056 independentemente da FE. Os estudos que incluíram somente pacientes com FE preservada tiveram tamanhos de amostra marcadamente menores, variando de 25 a 60 entre os estudos com pacientes com ICFEP confirmada, e de 85 a 166 nos estudos que investigaram pacientes com suspeita de ICFEP. A proporção de mulheres nas amostras variou de 34,0 a 91,0% em pacientes com suspeita ou confirmação de IC independentemente de FE e de 54,0% a 81,0% em pacientes com FE preservada. A faixa etária nesses subgrupos de estudos foi de 52,2-74,7 e 56,0-76,9 anos, respectivamente. As faixas de prevalência de ICFEP em pacientes com IC confirmada variaram de 28,2% a 59,0% no ambiente ambulatorial e de 20,0 a 53,1% no ambiente hospitalar. Entre os pacientes com suspeita de IC, a prevalência variou de 24,6% a 46,5% em estudos envolvendo pacientes independentemente de sua FE e de 29,0% a 37,6% em estudos envolvendo apenas pacientes com FE&gt; 50%. Os pacientes com IC em regime ambulatorial apresentaram maior prevalência de ICFEP. Três estudos também apresentaram prevalência de IC com FE intermediária, variando de 14,2% a 18,9% entre os pacientes com IC confirmada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Os valores médios de FEVE e de BNP entre os pacientes com ICFEP, relatados nos estudos incluídos, podem ser visualizados na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
				<p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2002">Tabela 2</xref> apresenta os parâmetros clínicos de pacientes com ICFEP. Dados detalhados sobre as classes funcionais da <italic>New York Heart Association</italic> (NYHA) foram relatados em um estudo. As classes funcionais NYHA III-IV foram responsáveis por 15,2% a 43,2% dos pacientes inscritos em três estudos que relataram essa variável.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> A ausência de utilização das classes funcionais na maioria dos estudos sugere que muitos pacientes ainda são desassistidos em termos de manejo terapêutico.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t2002">
						<label>Tabela 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Prevalência de característica clínicas e comorbidades entre pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e fração de ejeção preservada</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup width="25%">
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="left">Variável</th>
									<th>Número de estudos</th>
									<th>Mínimo</th>
									<th>Máximo</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td colspan="4"><bold>Parâmetros clínicos</bold></td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>FEVE (média)</td>
									<td align="center">8</td>
									<td align="center">59,0</td>
									<td align="center">71,5</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>IMC (média)</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">28,1</td>
									<td align="center">32,8</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Volume átrio esquerdo</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">32,6</td>
									<td align="center">44,6</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>BNP (média)*</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">92,9</td>
									<td align="center">144,4</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Creatinina (média)</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">0,92</td>
									<td align="center">0,99</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>NYHA III-IV</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">15,2%</td>
									<td align="center">43,2%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>NYHA I</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0,0%</td>
									<td align="center">0,0%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>NYHA II</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">9,5%</td>
									<td align="center">9,5%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>NYHA III</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">50,9%</td>
									<td align="center">50,9%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>NYHA IV</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">39,6%</td>
									<td align="center">39,6%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>NYHA II-III</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">100,0%</td>
									<td align="center">100,0%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Diâmetro do átrio direito (mm)(média)</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">27</td>
									<td align="center">27</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td colspan="4"><bold>Comorbidades</bold></td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Hipertensão</td>
									<td align="center">13</td>
									<td align="center">57,4%</td>
									<td align="center">100,0%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Diabetes <italic>mellitus</italic></td>
									<td align="center">13</td>
									<td align="center">10,2%</td>
									<td align="center">49,1%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Fibrilação atrial</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">2,5%</td>
									<td align="center">49,1%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>IMC &gt; 30</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">34,0%</td>
									<td align="center">72,9%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Doença coronariana</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">17,7%</td>
									<td align="center">28,4%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>DPOC</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">0,0%</td>
									<td align="center">13,9%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Anemia</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">0,0%</td>
									<td align="center">21,3%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Doença renal crônica</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">3,8%</td>
									<td align="center">16,8%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>AVC prévio</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">8,9%</td>
									<td align="center">15,4%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Infarto do miocárdio prévio</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">10,9%</td>
									<td align="center">10,9%</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN2002">
								<p><italic>*Um estudo reportou média de valores de BNP. FEVE: fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo; IMC: índice de massa corpórea; BNP: peptídeo natriurético cerebral; DPOC: doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral.</italic></p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) foi a característica clínica mais comumente avaliada em estudos de ICFEP, seguida por índice de massa corporal (IMC), volume do átrio esquerdo, BNP e creatinina sérica. Os dados detalhados sobre a FEVE e o BNP também são apresentados na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
				<p>Estudos envolvendo pacientes com ICFEP somente ou apresentando dados especificamente para pacientes com ICFEP (n = 14) relataram dados de 10 comorbidades selecionadas (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2002">Tabela 2</xref>). As comorbidades mais frequentemente relatadas foram hipertensão e diabetes, com prevalência variando de 57,4 a 100,0% e de 10,2 a 49,1%, respectivamente.</p>
				<p>Cinco estudos relataram dados sobre mortalidade<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> e taxa de hospitalização<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup>em pacientes com ICFEP. Apenas um estudo apresentou dados sobre a taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Como os achados do estudo foram examinados por diferentes métodos e durações de seguimento, esses dados serão apresentados apenas de forma descritiva. Moutinho et al., em 2008, avaliaram 170 pacientes com suspeita de IC atendidos em unidades de atenção primária que realizaram avaliações ecocardiográficas e 79 (46,5%) foram diagnosticados com ICFEP. Os autores observaram que 16,5% dos pacientes com ICFEP tiveram internação no último ano.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Silva, em 2012<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> analisou dados retrospectivos de 14 anos sobre 549 pacientes com IC atendidos em ambulatório de IC. Entre os pacientes com ICFEP (n = 155, 28,2%), 20,0% tiveram pelo menos uma internação relacionada à IC, 25,8% deles tiveram dois ou mais eventos, e 8,4% morreram durante o período de acompanhamento. Abuhab, em 2012, examinou dados sobre 577 internações hospitalares relacionadas à IC e observou uma taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar de 24,0% entre pacientes com FEVE&gt; 45%, significativamente menor que pacientes com FEVE ≤ 45% (34,0% para FEVE 30-45 % e 41% para FEVE &lt;30%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Reis et al., em 2013, acompanharam 138 pacientes com ICFEP (44,2% com etiologia chagásica) durante um ano e identificaram no grupo de ICFEP uma taxa de mortalidade de 10,2%, significativamente menor do que a taxa observada para pacientes com disfunção sistólica (23,6%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> D’Almeida et al., em 2018,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> conduziram um estudo randomizado hospitalar avaliando a restrição agressiva de fluidos e sódio em ICFEP descompensada. A taxa de mortalidade até 30 dias após a internação hospitalar foi de 7,5% na amostra (n = 53). Nenhum dos estudos apresentou dados sobre a causa do óbito ou motivo da internação.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>De nosso conhecimento esta é a primeira revisão sistemática da epidemiologia da ICFEP no Brasil. Nossos resultados revelaram uma escassez de dados, particularmente relacionados à incidência, prevalência baseada na população e características clínicas dos pacientes. Os dados disponíveis foram extraídos de estudos com diferentes metodologias e tamanhos de amostra obtidos de diferentes grupos de pacientes (IC confirmada, suspeita de IC, suspeita de ICFEP, ICFEP confirmada), prejudicando a comparação de dados e conclusões para outros contextos e configurações clínicas.</p>
				<p>Não foi possível identificar a prevalência de ICFEP na população geral, mas é razoável afirmar que ICFEP representa uma proporção significativa de pacientes com IC, com algumas estimativas acima de 50%. Como esperado, as estimativas de prevalência de ICFEP foram maiores em amostras de pacientes ambulatoriais e em um estudo em pacientes na atenção primária.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A distribuição de gênero entre os pacientes brasileiros com ICFEP reafirma observações de estudos internacionais, com maior proporção de mulheres.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Não foi possível identificar um padrão claro em termos de idade com amplas faixas etárias e médias de idade semelhantes em amostras com ICFEP apenas e amostras com IC mistas.</p>
				<p>De acordo com a literatura disponível, os pacientes com ICFEP tendem a ser mais idosos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> mas distinções claras no desenho e nos procedimentos de seleção da amostra entre os estudos incluídos possam ter prejudicado nossa capacidade de detectar essa mesma tendência em nossa revisão. Parâmetros clínicos como FEVE, BNP, creatinina e IMC não foram avaliados de maneira homogênea em estudos incluindo pacientes com ICFEP. Apenas oito dos 24 estudos relataram FEVE, e apenas cinco apresentaram valores médios de BNP; ambas as variáveis são relevantes para melhor compreender as características dos pacientes com ICFEP. Peptídeos natriuréticos (BNP plasmático, fragmento N-terminal do BNP, e peptídeo natriurético pró-atrial médio-regional) são critérios bem estabelecidos para o diagnóstico de IC nas diretrizes clínicas. Apesar de alguma incerteza sobre o valor diagnóstico ou prognóstico de peptídeos natriuréticos na ICFEP,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup> dados sobre amostras brasileiras poderiam agregar ao conhecimento geral sobre o assunto.</p>
				<p>Comorbidades como hipertensão, doença arterial coronariana, fibrilação atrial, diabetes <italic>mellitus,</italic> doença renal crônica são geralmente descritas<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> como fatores importantes que influenciam a fisiopatologia da ICFEP e é razoável esperar que sejam abordadas em estudos de ICFEP. A prevalência de diabetes e hipertensão foi descrita na maioria dos estudos (em 13 dos 24 estudos selecionados). Por outro lado, fibrilação atrial, obesidade, doença arterial coronariana e doença renal crônica foram raramente relatadas nos estudos. Além disso, a variabilidade pronunciada na prevalência de cada comorbidade impede qualquer conclusão robusta sobre sua frequência entre os pacientes brasileiros com ICFEP.</p>
				<p>Dados sobre mortalidade e taxa de hospitalização também foram escassos. Além disso, as características da amostra, a duração do acompanhamento, os desenhos do estudo e as definições dos resultados foram amplamente diferentes nos cinco estudos que relataram esses dados. Dois estudos comparando ICFEP com ICFER observaram menores taxas de mortalidade em um ano e de mortalidade hospitalar no grupo ICFEP. A evidência observacional inicial a respeito do risco relativo de morte em ICFEP <italic>versus</italic> ICFER produziu conclusões inconsistentes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup>mas a maioria dos estudos observou uma taxa de mortalidade discretamente mais elevada associada com ICFER. Mais recentemente, uma meta-análise reunindo dados de estudos observacionais e experimentais concluiu em favor de um menor risco de morte na ICFEP em comparação com a ICFER.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> A causa da morte ou os motivos da hospitalização não foram detalhados em nenhum dos estudos.</p>
				<p>O estudo PARADIGM-HF que envolveu pacientes do Brasil e América Latina com ICFEP encontrou menor taxa de hospitalização em comparação aos pacientes norte-americanos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup></p>
				<sec>
					<title>Limitações</title>
					<p>Esta revisão sistemática foi realizada com metodologia reproduzível de acordo com um protocolo pré-especificado (indexado na base de dados PROSPERO). Seus resultados são baseados em dados publicados de estudos independentes que adotam diferentes métodos e características de amostra. Assim, as principais limitações deste estudo estão relacionadas à variabilidade dos estudos incluídos, inerente a estudos observacionais. Atualmente é muito clara a importância da dosagem de BNP no contexto de diagnóstico de ICFEP. Na época deste levantamento, apenas cinco estudos incluídos avaliaram o BNP. Nestes últimos anos, o entendimento sobre a fisiopatologia de ICFEP evoluiu, com surgimento de novas opções de diagnóstico em um algoritmo de diagnóstico para suspeita de ICFEP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
					<p>Apesar dessas limitações, este é o primeiro esforço para apresentar sistematicamente o conhecimento disponível sobre dados demográficos, características clínicas, hospitalização e taxas de mortalidade entre os pacientes brasileiros com ICFEP. Essas observações reforçam a necessidade de padrões metodológicos para futuros estudos de internações por condições sensíveis a atenção primária no Brasil (projeto ICSAP), como a adoção de critérios diagnósticos padronizados e coleta de dados sobre variáveis de exposição relevantes (comorbidades, peptídeos natriuréticos, parâmetros ecocardiográficos etc.) e desfechos pré-especificados.</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusões</title>
				<p>Os resultados deste estudo refletem a dimensão e a importância das informações epidemiológicas para a geração de evidência de ICFEP no Brasil. A sistematização desses dados aponta que a prevalência de base populacional ainda é desconhecida e a prevalência de ICFEP entre pacientes com IC confirmada ou suspeita, varia amplamente na literatura disponível. Os estudos com pacientes ambulatoriais são predominantes e por consequência, trazem o maior volume de informações de ICFEP. No entanto, a ausência de especificação das classes funcionais de IC evidenciou lacunas e potenciais desassistências nos serviços de saúde.</p>
				<p>Ainda, destaca-se que nosso país carece de um aperfeiçoamento dos sistemas de informação em saúde, principalmente em relação aos dados hospitalares, no que reverbera em limitações para avaliar a real prevalência e incidência da ICFEP entre os pacientes hospitalizados. Essa revisão reúne informações que podem servir como instrumento de monitoramento e caracterização do perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes com ICFEP, impactos sobre o prognóstico e o custo dessa complexa e heterogênea síndrome clínica, ligada às diferentes comorbidades e ao envelhecimento.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<ack>
				<title>Agradecimentos</title>
				<p>À Anova Consultoria em Saúde Ltda, por ter realizado a busca dos artigos na base de dados e SPRIM pela escrita deste manuscrito.</p>
			</ack>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p>Vinculação acadêmica</p>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
					<p>Aprovação ética e consentimento informado</p>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="supported-by">
					<p>Fontes de financiamento</p>
					<p>O presente estudo foi parcialmente financiado pela Novartis (apoio estatístico e delineamento do estudo)</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>