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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ABC HF</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC: Heart Failure &#x26; Cardiomyopathy</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2764-3107</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abchf.20230043</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20230043</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Viewpoint</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Brazilian Scientific Production about Cardiomyopathies: A Review from 2010 to 2022</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Mol</surname><given-names>Even Edilce</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref> <role>Conception</role> <role>design of the research</role> <role>Acquisition of data</role> <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role> <role>Writing of the manuscript</role></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0010-4016</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Grobe</surname><given-names>Sarah Fagundes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref> <role>Conception</role> <role>design of the research</role> <role>Acquisition of data</role> <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role> <role>Writing of the manuscript</role></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6557-393X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Rohde</surname><given-names>Luis Eduardo Paim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref> <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4741-322X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Moura</surname><given-names>L&#xED;dia Ana Zytynski</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/> <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role></contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Marcelino Champagnat</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Curitiba, PR &#x2013; Brazil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#xED;cia Universidade Cat&#xF3;lica do Paran&#xE1;</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Pontif&#xED;cia Universidade Cat&#xF3;lica do Paran&#xE1;, Curitiba, PR &#x2013; Brazil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina &#x2013; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#x2013; Brazil</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: L&#xED;dia Ana Zytynski Moura</bold> &#x2022; Pontif&#xED;cia Universidade Cat&#xF3;lica do Paran&#xE1; - Rua Imaculada Concei&#xE7;&#xE3;o, 1155. Postal Code <postal-code>80215-901</postal-code>, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR - Brazil. E-mail: <email>lidia.zyt@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Potential conflict of interest</bold></p>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn></author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>17</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<elocation-id>e20230043</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>12</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>25</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>25</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p></license></permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Cardiomyopathies</kwd>
<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
<kwd>Sudden Death</kwd></kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="4"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="8"/></counts></article-meta></front>
<body>
<p>By definition, myocardiopathies or cardiomyopathies (CM) are heart muscle diseases that cause structural and functional myocardial abnormalities in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease, and congenital heart disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>CM constitute a very heterogeneous group of heart diseases and are one of the leading causes of death either from end-stage heart failure or sudden death due to arrythmias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> According to the phenotype, CM may be classified into hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and left ventricular noncompaction,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> where there may overlap of phenotypes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Each phenotype is then subclassified into: genetic origin (familial), non-genetic (non-familial), and mixed, with the genetic form accounting for most of the cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> According to the statement of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, of the 59 genes mentioned in the document, 30 (51%) had cardiovascular phenotypes, and 16 (27%) included CM phenotypes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Non-genetic CM may be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, and endogenous or exogenous myocardial toxicity, whereas genetic CM may be caused by a variety of known mutations and others under study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>Another classification divides CM into primary and secondary. The primary ones affect only or predominantly the myocardium, whereas, in secondary CM, cardiac muscle disease is associated with systemic disorders.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>The vast complexity surrounding CM can turn diagnosis and management of these patients challenging. However, since the prevalence of heart failure and potentially fatal arrhythmias is high in patient with CM, it is crucial to correctly identify patients and stratify the risk.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>With advances in molecular biology and greater ease of access to genetic tests, the number of patients diagnosed with CM has increased in the last years. Hence, there has been an increase in the number of publications on the topic in the literature. An investigation on the MEDLINE database for articles from 2010 to 2022 using the search parameters &#x201C;cardiomyopathy&#x201D; or &#x201C;myocardiopathy&#x201D; found a total of 11,432 articles.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> After adding the filter &#x201C;country of affiliation Brazil&#x201D;, we found 111 articles (1% of total publications). However, the terms cardiomyopathy/myocardiopathy are often used to refer to cardiac disorders that by definition are not cardiomyopathies and may correspond to a great portion of published articles. Therefore, after a review of the 111 articles, 26 were excluded because they did not meet the definition of CM, resulting in 85 articles published by Brazilian researchers in the last years (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). It is possible to observe a growth in the number of publications on the topic, especially when CM of genetic origin is concerned. From 2010 to 2012, no article on CM of genetic origin was published by Brazilian authors, whereas since 2013, with the advances in research on genetic and molecular basis of the disease,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> there has been an increase in the number of published articles on the topic (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Number of articles published by Brazilian researchers from 2010 to 2022.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-01-e20230043-gf01.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Number of articles published by Brazilian researchers according to the etiological type of cardiomyopathy (genetic CM versus non-genetic CM)</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-01-e20230043-gf02.tif"/></fig>
<p>However, the worldwide contribution of Brazilian researchers on the topic is still minor compared to that of other countries. One of the explanations may be the fact that diagnostic methods, such as genetic testing and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, are not present in most Brazilian centers. It is also necessary to add that many articles by Brazilian authors may have been published in non-indexed journal that thus are not in the MEDLINE database.</p>
<p>Current advances in genetic sequencing and in non-invasive tests such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, will allow for the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with CM. Therefore, the number of patients previously diagnosed with idiopathic CM will decrease, with a consequent increase in the number of patients diagnosed with genetically-based CM. Understanding on the topic is relevant not only to specialists in heart failure but also to generalist cardiologists, who will more often treat these patients.</p>
<p>Brazil has a highly multiracial population who, therefore, may carry numerous mutations. Scientific evidence helps to support and conduct studies on the different phenotypes described here. Despite all difficulties, Brazilian publications have been on the rise. Sharing knowledge through experience contributes to clinical improvement, health education, and changes in the global health context.</p></body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
<p><bold>Sources of funding</bold></p>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
<p><bold>Study association</bold></p>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
<p><bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold></p>
<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p></fn></fn-group>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Ponto de Vista</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Produ&#xE7;&#xE3;o Cient&#xED;fica Brasileira Acerca das Miocardiopatias: Uma Revis&#xE3;o entre 2010 e 2022</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Mol</surname><given-names>Even Edilce</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref> <role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o</role> <role>desenho da pesquisa</role> <role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role> <role>An&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role> <role>Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0010-4016</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Grobe</surname><given-names>Sarah Fagundes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref> <role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o</role> <role>desenho da pesquisa</role> <role>Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role> <role>An&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role> <role>Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6557-393X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Rohde</surname><given-names>Luis Eduardo Paim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref> <role>Revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4741-322X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Moura</surname><given-names>L&#xED;dia Ana Zytynski</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/> <role>Revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role></contrib>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Curitiba, PR &#x2013; Brasil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Pontif&#xED;cia Universidade Cat&#xF3;lica do Paran&#xE1;, Curitiba, PR &#x2013; Brasil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina &#x2013; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#x2013; Brasil</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: L&#xED;dia Ana Zytynski Moura</bold> &#x2022; Pontif&#xED;cia Universidade Cat&#xF3;lica do Paran&#xE1; - Rua Imaculada Concei&#xE7;&#xE3;o, 1155. CEP <postal-code>80215-901</postal-code>, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR - Brasil. E-mail: <email>lidia.zyt@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold></p>
<p>N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; conflito com o presente artigo.</p></fn></author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Miocardiopatias</kwd>
<kwd>Insufici&#xEA;ncia Card&#xED;aca</kwd>
<kwd>Morte S&#xFA;bita</kwd></kwd-group></front-stub>
<body>
<p>Por defini&#xE7;&#xE3;o, as miocardiopatias ou cardiomiopatias (CM) s&#xE3;o doen&#xE7;as do m&#xFA;sculo card&#xED;aco que causam anormalidades mioc&#xE1;rdicas estruturais e funcionais na aus&#xEA;ncia de doen&#xE7;a arterial coronariana, hipertens&#xE3;o, doen&#xE7;a valvar e doen&#xE7;a card&#xED;aca cong&#xEA;nita.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>As CM constituem um grupo muito heterog&#xEA;neo de cardiopatias, sendo uma das principais causas de morte por insufici&#xEA;ncia card&#xED;aca terminal e morte s&#xFA;bita devido a arritmias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> De acordo com o fen&#xF3;tipo, as CM podem ser classificadas em cardiomiopatia hipertr&#xF3;fica, cardiomiopatia dilatada, cardiomiopatia restritiva, cardiomiopatia arritmog&#xEA;nica do ventr&#xED;culo direito e n&#xE3;o compacta&#xE7;&#xE3;o do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> podendo ocorrer sobreposi&#xE7;&#xE3;o de fen&#xF3;tipos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Cada fen&#xF3;tipo &#xE9; ent&#xE3;o subclassificado em: origem gen&#xE9;tica (familiar), n&#xE3;o gen&#xE9;tica (n&#xE3;o familiar) e mista, sendo que a forma gen&#xE9;tica &#xE9; respons&#xE1;vel por grande parte dos casos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Segundo a Declara&#xE7;&#xE3;o da American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, dos 59 genes citados no documento, 30 (51%) tinham fen&#xF3;tipos cardiovasculares, e 16 (27%) eram genes que inclu&#xED;am fen&#xF3;tipos de CM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> As miocardiopatias n&#xE3;o gen&#xE9;ticas podem ser causadas por infec&#xE7;&#xF5;es, doen&#xE7;as autoimunes e toxicidade mioc&#xE1;rdica end&#xF3;gena ou ex&#xF3;gena. J&#xE1; as gen&#xE9;ticas podem ser causadas por uma variedade de muta&#xE7;&#xF5;es conhecidas e outras ainda em estudo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>Outra classifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o divide as CM em prim&#xE1;ria e secund&#xE1;ria. As prim&#xE1;rias afetam apenas ou predominantemente o mioc&#xE1;rdio, enquanto que nas secund&#xE1;rias a doen&#xE7;a do m&#xFA;sculo card&#xED;aco est&#xE1; associada a dist&#xFA;rbios sist&#xEA;micos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>A vasta complexidade que envolve as CM pode tornar desafiadores o diagn&#xF3;stico e o manejo destes pacientes. No entanto, como a preval&#xEA;ncia de insufici&#xEA;ncia card&#xED;aca e arritmias potencialmente fatais &#xE9; alta entre os pacientes com CM, &#xE9; imprescind&#xED;vel identificar corretamente os pacientes e estratificar o risco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>Com o avan&#xE7;o da biologia molecular e com a maior facilidade de acesso aos testes gen&#xE9;ticos, o n&#xFA;mero de pacientes diagnosticados com CM tem aumentado nos &#xFA;ltimos anos. Com isso, &#xE9; crescente a publica&#xE7;&#xE3;o de literatura sobre o tema. Ao pesquisar no banco de dados MEDLINE artigos de 2010 a 2022, com par&#xE2;metros de busca &#x201C;cardiomyopathy&#x201D; or &#x201C;myocardiopathy&#x201D; s&#xE3;o encontrados 11.432 artigos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Adicionando o filtro &#x201C;pa&#xED;s de filia&#xE7;&#xE3;o Brasil&#x201D;, encontramos 111 artigos (1% do total de publica&#xE7;&#xF5;es). Contudo, os termos cardiomiopatia/miocardiopatia s&#xE3;o usados muitas vezes para se referir a dist&#xFA;rbios card&#xED;acos que, por defini&#xE7;&#xE3;o, n&#xE3;o s&#xE3;o miocardiopatias e podem corresponder a uma boa parte dos artigos publicados. Sendo assim, ap&#xF3;s revis&#xE3;o dos 111 artigos, foram exclu&#xED;dos 26, por n&#xE3;o se enquadrarem na defini&#xE7;&#xE3;o de CM, resultando em 85 artigos publicados por pesquisadores brasileiros nos &#xFA;ltimos anos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>). Podemos observar que &#xE9; crescente a publica&#xE7;&#xE3;o sobre o tema, ganhando destaque quando o tema se trata de CM de origem gen&#xE9;tica. Entre os anos 2010 e 2012, nenhum artigo foi publicado por autores brasileiros sobre CM de origem gen&#xE9;tica, sendo que, desde o ano de 2013, com o avan&#xE7;o das pesquisas sobre as bases gen&#xE9;ticas e moleculares da doen&#xE7;a,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> o n&#xFA;mero de artigos publicados sobre o tema est&#xE1; em ascens&#xE3;o (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<title>N&#xFA;mero de artigos publicados por pesquisadores brasileiros entre 2010 e 2022.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-01-e20230043-gf01-pt.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption>
<title>N&#xFA;mero de artigos publicados por pesquisadores brasileiros de acordo com o tipo etiol&#xF3;gico de cardiomiopatia (CM gen&#xE9;tica versus CM n&#xE3;o gen&#xE9;tica)</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-003-01-e20230043-gf02-pt.tif"/></fig>
<p>Apesar disso, a contribui&#xE7;&#xE3;o mundial dos pesquisadores brasileiros sobre o tema ainda &#xE9; pequena comparada com a de outros pa&#xED;ses. Uma das explica&#xE7;&#xF5;es pode ser o fato de que m&#xE9;todos diagn&#xF3;sticos, como teste gen&#xE9;tico e resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica card&#xED;aca, n&#xE3;o est&#xE3;o presentes em grande parte dos centros brasileiros. Tamb&#xE9;m &#xE9; necess&#xE1;rio acrescentar que muitos artigos de autores brasileiros podem ter sido publicados em revistas que n&#xE3;o est&#xE3;o indexadas e que, portanto, n&#xE3;o est&#xE3;o na base de dados do MEDLINE.</p>
<p>O atual avan&#xE7;o no sequenciamento gen&#xE9;tico e nos testes n&#xE3;o invasivos, como resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica card&#xED;aca, permitir&#xE3;o o diagn&#xF3;stico e tratamento dos pacientes com CM de forma mais precoce. Assim, se reduzir&#xE1; o n&#xFA;mero de pacientes que anteriormente eram diagnosticados com CM idiop&#xE1;tica, com consequente aumento do n&#xFA;mero de pacientes diagnosticados com CM de base gen&#xE9;tica. O entendimento acerca do tema &#xE9; relevante n&#xE3;o apenas para especialistas em insufici&#xEA;ncia card&#xED;aca, mas tamb&#xE9;m para os cardiologistas generalistas que atender&#xE3;o com maior frequ&#xEA;ncia esses pacientes.</p>
<p>O Brasil tem uma popula&#xE7;&#xE3;o altamente miscigenada e que, portanto, pode carregar in&#xFA;meras muta&#xE7;&#xF5;es. As evid&#xEA;ncias cient&#xED;ficas ajudam a amparar e conduzir estudos sobre os diferentes fen&#xF3;tipos que aqui encontramos. Mesmo com todas as dificuldades, o Brasil segue em ascens&#xE3;o nas publica&#xE7;&#xF5;es. Compartilhar o conhecimento atrav&#xE9;s da experi&#xEA;ncia contribui para o aprimoramento cl&#xED;nico, a educa&#xE7;&#xE3;o em sa&#xFA;de e as mudan&#xE7;as no contexto da sa&#xFA;de global.</p></body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn4">
<p><bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold></p>
<p>O presente estudo n&#xE3;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
<p><bold>Vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o acad&#xEA;mica</bold></p>
<p>N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o deste estudo a programas de p&#xF3;s-gradua&#xE7;&#xE3;o.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
<p><bold>Aprova&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xE9;tica e consentimento informado</bold></p>
<p>Este artigo n&#xE3;o cont&#xE9;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p></fn></fn-group>
</back></sub-article>
</article>