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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ABC HF</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC: Heart Failure &amp; Cardiomyopathy</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2764-3107</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abchf.20220094</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20220094</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Viewpoint</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Preoperative Evaluation and Perioperative Complications in Patients with Cancer and Ventricular Dysfunction</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4894-6116</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Issa</surname>
						<given-names>Aurora Felice Castro</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research,Acquisition of data,Analysis and interpretation of the data,Writing of the manuscript,Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6265-980X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Zagni</surname>
						<given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Acquisition of data,Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-8465-2592</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Vidotti</surname>
						<given-names>Vithoria</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Acquisition of data,Writing of the manuscript,Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4196-882X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Guimarães</surname>
						<given-names>Tereza Cristina Felippe</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data,Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3155-2735</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Santos</surname>
						<given-names>Milena Rego dos</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript,Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0602-6167</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Silva</surname>
						<given-names>Carolina Maria Pinto Domingues Carvalho</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Casa de Saúde São José</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Casa de Saúde São José, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3">
				<label>3</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Brazilian Clinical Research Institute</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Brazilian Clinical Research Institute - BCRI, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Aurora Castro Issa • Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia – Coordenação de Ensino e Pesquisa – Rua das Laranjeiras, 374. Postal Code 22240-006, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil E-mail: <email>auroraissa@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>18</day>
				<month>12</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<season>Oct-Dec</season>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>2</volume>
			<issue>4</issue>
			<fpage>422</fpage>
			<lpage>424</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>17</day>
					<month>11</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>25</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>19</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Neoplasms</kwd>
				<kwd>Preoperative Period</kwd>
				<kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="17"/>
				<page-count count="3"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>During cancer treatment, surgery may be indicated for patients with diverse purposes, such as diagnosis, staging, oncologic cure, palliative treatment, support, or restorative treatment. Oncologic surgery may be conducted as an initial cancer treatment or after conducting treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, thus underscoring the cardiotoxic potential of different cancer therapies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
		<p>In patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries, the prevalence of comorbidities, the clinical condition before surgery, and factors inherent to the surgical procedure, such as urgency, magnitude, type, and duration, in addition to local experience, infrastructure, and the surgical team contribute to the risk of perioperative complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In oncologic surgery, risk factors include the type and stage of the tumor and concomitant cancer therapies.</p>
		<p>It is worth emphasizing that there is a shortage of robust evidence, such as randomized clinical trials, to validate the indications of the main guidelines for evaluation and perioperative management of non-cardiac surgeries, and this scenario is more evident when dealing with oncologic surgeries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Preoperative clinical evaluation before oncologic surgery is important; however, it should not delay the surgical procedure. In this context, cardio-oncology plays a role in minimizing risks, but it avoids depriving patients of the indicated cancer treatment, in this case surgery. In rare situations, when facing a high surgical risk, it is possible to discuss with the oncologist whether a non-surgical treatment option that also offers improved prognosis is available.</p>
		<p>In recent decades, several preoperative risk scores have been developed, and they have been used in the preoperative assessment of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> However, it is evident that there is a low representation of patients with cancer in the studies that validated these clinical scores, in addition to a small number of studies that have evaluated surgeries for specific tumors. Recently, the Heart Failure Association and the International Cardio-Oncology Society proposed an instrument for assessing cardiac risk in cancer treatment based on clinical and laboratory factors, in addition to previous cardiotoxic treatments performed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
		<p>In patients with cancer, aspects such as frailty and performance status may represent relevant aspects in the preoperative assessment of patients, and scores that specifically assess them may be useful.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Ventricular dysfunction is a risk factor for the occurrence of peri- and postoperative complications, and it can occur due to different causes at all ages. This condition increases the morbidity and mortality associated with the surgical procedure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Surgical procedures have the potential to aggravate this underlying condition. This can be avoided by implementing appropriate risk stratification before surgery and optimizing perioperative therapy with the adoption of measures recommended in heart failure guidelines.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Tests such as electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and biomarkers assist in the preoperative evaluation and postoperative management of patients with ventricular dysfunction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Other tests, such as those associated with stress, magnetic resonance imaging, tomography, or even coronary angiography, should only be performed in an exceptional, individualized manner and in contexts where they can potentially modify the cardiological or oncological practice, thus avoiding delays in surgery or unnecessary emotional stress for patients.</p>
		<p>It is recommended to control risk and lifestyle factors, such as smoking, obesity, blood pressure management, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, for all patients with the aim of reducing peri- and postoperative complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
		<p>The type of anesthesia and the drugs used during anesthesia warrant attention in patients with ventricular dysfunction. Volume and perfusion status should be assessed regularly. A multidisciplinary team with specialists in ventricular assist devices must necessarily be involved in the perioperative management of patients who require mechanical circulatory support.</p>
		<p>Rhythm and conduction disorders may be present in patients with ventricular dysfunction who are undergoing surgery. During preoperative evaluation, it is necessary to consider the risk of symptomatic bradyarrhythmias and the need for artificial cardiac stimulation (transvenous and/or transcutaneous pacemaker). Patients with cancer are also susceptible to tachyarrhythmias, especially supraventricular ones. Special mention should be made of cardiac arrhythmias during the postoperative period in these patients, especially atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic events. Specific aspects should be taken into account in the management of these complications, such as drug interactions and risk of bleeding, mainly related to the medications in use, tumor type and stage, and comorbidities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
		<p>The surgical technique can influence patient outcomes; therefore, in patients with cancer and ventricular dysfunction, if possible, priority is given to using less invasive techniques and performing surgical procedures with a team and center experienced in oncologic surgery and high-risk patients. These measures aim to optimize the surgical result by reducing the chances of prolonging the surgical procedure or unnecessary additional procedures.</p>
		<p>Patient participation in decision-making is recommended, but unfortunately studies have indicated a relatively high prevalence of limited level of schooling in patients with cardiovascular diseases, especially heart failure,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> which is associated with worse outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> It is, therefore, evident that specific actions are needed for these patients when undergoing oncologic surgery, so that they are aware of the risk-benefit ratio of the available therapeutic options.</p>
		<p>The occurrence of various postoperative complications is increased both in patients with cancer and in patients with ventricular dysfunction. In the presence of heart failure, with or without symptoms, even minor postoperative complications may be poorly tolerated, reducing medium- and long-term survival.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
		<p>The organization of multidisciplinary cardio-oncology services makes possible the global and individualized assessment of patients with ventricular dysfunction who are candidates for oncologic surgery, and it optimizes pre-, peri- and postoperative management by implementing practices based on specific guidelines for this context.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
		<p>It is, therefore, worth emphasizing the need for further studies in patients with cancer and ventricular dysfunction in specific clinical scenarios related to tumor type and stage. Only in this way will it be possible to base clinical practice on more robust evidence than that which is currently available for the management of these patients.</p>
	</body>
	<back>
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		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Study association</p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by">
				<p>Sources of funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Ponto de Vista</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Avaliação Pré-operatória e Complicações Perioperatórias no Paciente com Câncer e Disfunção Ventricular</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4894-6116</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Issa</surname>
						<given-names>Aurora Felice Castro</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa,Obtenção de dados,Análise e interpretação dos dados,Redação do manuscrito,Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6265-980X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Zagni</surname>
						<given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Obtenção de dados,Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-8465-2592</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Vidotti</surname>
						<given-names>Vithoria</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Obtenção de dados,Redação do manuscrito,Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4196-882X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Guimarães</surname>
						<given-names>Tereza Cristina Felippe</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados,Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3155-2735</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Santos</surname>
						<given-names>Milena Rego dos</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito,Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0602-6167</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Silva</surname>
						<given-names>Carolina Maria Pinto Domingues Carvalho</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3002"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Casa de Saúde São José, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3002">
				<label>3</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Brazilian Clinical Research Institute - BCRI, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002"> Correspondência: Aurora Castro Issa • Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia – Coordenação de Ensino e Pesquisa – Rua das Laranjeiras, 374. CEP 22240-006, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil E-mail: auroraissa@gmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
					<p>Não há conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Neoplasias</kwd>
				<kwd>Período Pré-operatório</kwd>
				<kwd>Disfunção Ventricular</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>Durante o tratamento oncológico, a realização de cirurgia pode ser indicada para pacientes com intuitos diversos como diagnóstico, estadiamento, cura oncológica, tratamento paliativo, de suporte ou restaurador. A realização da cirurgia oncológica pode ocorrer como tratamento oncológico inicial ou após realização de tratamentos como quimioterapia ou radioterapia, ressaltando-se o potencial cardiotóxico das diversas terapias oncológicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias não cardíacas, a prevalência de comorbidades, a condição clínica antes da cirurgia e fatores inerentes ao procedimento cirúrgico como urgência, magnitude, tipo e duração, além da experiência local, infraestrutura e equipe cirúrgica contribuem para o risco de complicações perioperatórias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Na cirurgia oncológica somam-se como fatores de risco o tipo e o estágio do tumor e as terapias concomitantes contra o câncer.</p>
			<p>Ressalta-se que existe escassez de evidências robustas como estudos clínicos randomizados que validem as indicações das principais diretrizes de avaliação e manejo perioperatório de cirurgias não cardíacas, sendo esse cenário mais evidente diante das cirurgias oncológicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
			<p>A avaliação clínica pré-operatória antes da cirurgia oncológica é importante, porém não deve retardar o ato cirúrgico. Nesse contexto a cardio-oncologia cumpre função de minimizar riscos, porém evita privar o paciente do tratamento oncológico indicado, nesse caso cirúrgico. Em raras situações, diante de risco cirúrgico elevado, pode-se discutir com o oncologista se está disponível a opção de tratamento não cirúrgico que ofereça também melhora de prognóstico.</p>
			<p>Nas últimas décadas vários escores de risco pré-operatórios foram elaborados e têm sido utilizados na avaliação pré-operatória de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia não cardíaca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Porém, é evidente a baixa representatividade de pacientes oncológicos nos estudos que validaram esses escores clínicos e o pequeno número de estudos que avaliaram cirurgias para tumores específicos. Recentemente foi proposto pelas associações Heart Failure Association e International Cardio-Oncology Society um instrumento para avaliação de risco cardiológico diante do tratamento oncológico baseado em fatores clínicos e laboratoriais, além de tratamentos prévios cardiotóxicos realizados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Em pacientes oncológicos, aspectos como fragilidade e status performance oncológico podem representar aspectos relevantes na avaliação pré-operatória dos pacientes e os escores que os avaliam especificamente podem ser úteis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
			<p>A disfunção ventricular é fator de risco para a ocorrência de complicações peri- e pós-operatórias e pode ocorrer por diversas causas em todas as idades. Esta condição aumenta a morbimortalidade associada ao ato cirúrgico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> O procedimento cirúrgico tem o potencial de agravar essa condição subjacente, o que pode ser evitado implementando-se a estratificação de risco apropriada antes da cirurgia e otimizando a terapia perioperatória com adoção de medidas recomendadas nas diretrizes de insuficiência cardíaca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
			<p>A realização de exames como eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma e biomarcadores auxiliam na avaliação pré-operatória e no manejo pós-operatório dos pacientes com disfunção ventricular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Outros exames como testes associados a estresse, ressonância magnética, tomografia ou até mesmo coronariografia devem ser realizados apenas de forma excepcional, individualizada e em contextos em que tenham potencial de modificar a conduta cardiológica ou oncológica, evitando-se dessa forma retardo na cirurgia ou estresse emocional desnecessário aos pacientes.</p>
			<p>O controle dos fatores de risco e estilo de vida como tabagismo, obesidade, controle da pressão arterial, diabetes e dislipidemia são recomendados a todos os pacientes visando diminuir as complicações peri e pós-operatórias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>O tipo de anestesia e as drogas utilizadas durante o ato anestésico merecem atenção no paciente com disfunção ventricular. Deve-se avaliar regularmente o estado volêmico e perfusional. Uma equipe multidisciplinar com especialistas em dispositivos de assistência ventricular deve necessariamente ser envolvida no manejo perioperatório de pacientes que necessitem suporte circulatório mecânico.</p>
			<p>Os distúrbios de ritmo e condução podem estar presentes em pacientes com disfunção ventricular que irão ser submetidos à cirurgia. Na avaliação pré-operatória deve-se considerar o risco de bradiarritmias sintomáticas e necessidade de estimulação cardíaca artificial (marcapasso transvenoso e/ou transcutâneo). Pacientes oncológicos são também susceptíveis a taquiarritmias, principalmente supraventriculares. Especial menção merecem as arritmias cardíacas no período pós-operatório nesses pacientes, principalmente fibrilação atrial e eventos tromboembólicos. Aspectos específicos devem ser levados em conta no manejo dessas complicações como interações medicamentosas e risco de sangramento, relacionados principalmente às medicações em uso, tipo e estadiamento do tumor e comorbidades.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
			<p>A técnica cirúrgica pode influenciar no desfecho dos pacientes, sendo, portanto, priorizadas nos pacientes oncológicos com disfunção ventricular, se possível, a utilização de técnicas menos invasivas e a realização do ato cirúrgico com equipe e centro experiente em cirurgia oncológica e em pacientes de alto risco. Tais medidas visam otimizar o resultado cirúrgico diminuindo a chance de prolongamento do ato cirúrgico assim como procedimentos adicionais desnecessários.</p>
			<p>A participação dos pacientes na tomada de decisões é recomendada, porém infelizmente estudos indicam uma prevalência relativamente alta de nível educacional limitado em pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares, especialmente insuficiência cardíaca,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> o que está associado a piores desfechos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Evidencia-se, portanto, a necessidade de ações específicas nesses pacientes quando submetidos à cirurgia oncológica para que tenham ciência da relação risco-benefício das opções terapêuticas disponíveis.</p>
			<p>A ocorrência de complicações pós-operatórias diversas é aumentada tanto em pacientes com câncer como disfunção ventricular. Na presença de insuficiência cardíaca com ou sem sintomas, mesmo complicações pós-operatórias menores podem ser mal toleradas, reduzindo a sobrevida a médio e longo prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
			<p>A organização de serviços multidisciplinares de cardio-oncologia possibilita a avaliação global e individualizada do paciente com disfunção ventricular candidato a cirurgia oncológica assim como otimiza o manejo pré-, peri- e pós-operatório, por meio da implementação de condutas baseadas em diretrizes específicas para este contexto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Ressalta-se, portanto a necessidade de realização de novos estudos em pacientes oncológicos com disfunção ventricular e cenários clínicos específicos relacionados ao tipo e ao estágio dos tumores. Somente desta forma poderão ser tomadas condutas clínicas baseadas em evidências mais robustas que as disponíveis atualmente para o manejo desses pacientes.</p>
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