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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ABC HF</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC: Heart Failure &amp; Cardiomyopathy</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2764-3107</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abchf.20220034</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20220034</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Viewpoint</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Placement in the Axillary Artery: Where are We?</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Boros</surname>
						<given-names>Gustavo André Boeing</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Bernoche</surname>
						<given-names>Claudia Yanet San Martin de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0538-9628</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Nicz</surname>
						<given-names>Pedro Felipe Gomes</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de São Paulo</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo – InCor/HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>2</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Sírio-Libanês</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff3">
					<label>3</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital de Clínicas</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná – HC/UFPR, Curitiba, PR – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff4">
					<label>4</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Neurologia e Cardiologia de Curitiba – Hospital INC</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Instituto de Neurologia e Cardiologia de Curitiba – Hospital INC, Curitiba, PR – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Pedro Felipe Gomes Nicz •</bold> Setor de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Intervencionista - Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Bloco 3. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-900</postal-code>, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP – Brazil, E-mail: <email>pedronicz@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p><bold>Author Contributions</bold></p>
					<p>Conception and design of the research and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Boros GAB, Bernoche CYSM, Nicz PFG; Writing of the manuscript: Boros GAB, Nicz PFG.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p><bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold></p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>29</day>
				<month>06</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<season>Apr-Jun</season>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>2</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<fpage>209</fpage>
			<lpage>211</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>14</day>
					<month>04</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>14</day>
					<month>04</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>05</day>
					<month>05</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords</title>
				<kwd>Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping</kwd>
				<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
				<kwd>Axillary Artery</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="4"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="16"/>
				<page-count count="3"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>The prevalence of patients with heart failure (HF) in Brazil is high, with an increasing number of hospitalizations for advanced HF in tertiary care services. This suggests that patients’ conditions are persistently more severe, with recurrent episodes of pulmonary congestion or low cardiac output requiring frequent hospitalization. Multidisciplinary clinical support and optimized medical therapy are fundamental in the treatment of these patients. However, in refractory cases, bridge or destination therapies such as circulatory or ventricular assist devices (VADs) and heart transplantation may be indicated.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Patients with decompensated INTERMACS 2 or 1 HF may have an indication for mechanical circulatory support (MCS) during hospital stay. Devices currently available in Brazil include intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), Impella CP, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and Centrimag.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The IABP is the most used device in Brazil and worldwide due to easy access, cost-effectiveness, and simple implant procedure and management. Despite having a modest effect on cardiac output, the IABP has a significant impact on circulatory hemodynamics, is simpler to use, and has an equal or superior safety profile compared with more modern devices.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Complete or partial patient immobilization is inherent in critical HF and in the use of MCS and thus may be required. The development of additional complications due to immobilization is a risk factor for worse in-hospital outcomes, and complications such as sarcopenia and cachexia are more frequent and often progressive.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Aiming at reducing immobility and its consequences while still providing the necessary hemodynamic support, McBride et al. first described in 1989 a technique for surgical placement of an IABP through the axillary artery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> In the early 2000s, two case series were published. The first series described the outcomes of 13 patients over a 3-year period who had received IABP support for a mean duration of 37 days. Of these, 10 underwent a heart transplant.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The second series reported the outcomes of 4 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy on the heart transplant waiting list. Support duration ranged from 12 to 70 days, and all patients underwent successful transplants.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
		<p>In 2012, a series of 18 patients surgically implanted with an axillary IABP between 2007 and 2010 was published. Median support duration was 19 days, and 72% of patients underwent a heart transplant. Three patients developed device-related complications, ie, IABP displacement, rupture, or kinking. These complications were not associated with worse outcomes. There were no vascular complications or stroke.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
		<p>The first series of patients treated with an axillary IABP using only percutaneous access was published in 2013. Fifty patients referred for heart transplantation or VAD evaluation received a left axillary IABP between 2007 and 2012. Mean support duration was 18 days, and 84% of patients underwent a heart transplant. Complications requiring intervention included one case of significant bleeding and two cases of left upper extremity ischemia. IABP repositioning was required in 44% of patients, whereas 20% of patients required IABP replacement due to malfunction. There were no IABP-related deaths, strokes, or infections.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
		<p>In 2020, the same group of researchers expanded on previous experience and published a series of 195 patients who had received an axillary IABP between 2007 and 2018. Patients were divided into two groups according to therapeutic success, which was defined as destination therapy. Success rate was 68%; 120 patients underwent a heart transplant, and 13 patients received a long-term VAD. Among the remaining 62 patients (31.8%), 16 (8%) died, 18 (9.2%) required support escalation, and 28 (14%) underwent IABP removal (22 due to complications and 6 due to contraindications to destination therapy). The 1-year survival rate was 87% for heart transplantation and 62% for VAD implantation. Median support duration was 19 days. IABP replacement or repositioning was common (37%), with a mean number of IABP exchanges per patient of 0.68. Left upper extremity ischemia occurred in 3.5% of patients, but no patient suffered limb loss. Stroke, mesenteric ischemia, and bacteremia rates were 2.5%, 3%, and 9.2%, respectively. Among patients who developed bacteremia, 16.6% required IABP removal due to infection. Implant site-related bleeding occurred in 2.5% of patients, whereas 96 (49%) patients required IABP repositioning at least once.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
		<p>More recently, another study described 38 patients treated percutaneously between 2017 and 2020. IABP failure or migration requiring replacement occurred in 21.4% of patients. There were no major complications, and 81.6% of patients received the intended therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Nishida et al. reported their experience with 241 patients implanted with an IABP, of whom 58.9% underwent axillary insertion. Ambulation was possible in 90% of patients, and 86.7% received the intended therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Vascular complications occurred in 3% of patients who underwent percutaneous IABP placement, and one third of these patients required surgical treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Some Brazilian hospitals perform percutaneous IABP placement in the left upper extremity, but data on MCS implantation and advanced HF treatment are scarce (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">2</xref>). Knowledge is essential to better understand the risk factors involved in complications and unfavorable outcomes, as well as to precisely define the role of axillary IABP in the current setting of MCS. Although these approaches have not been directly compared, the positive impact on adequate physical therapy and motor rehabilitation favors IABP placement via the axillary artery compared with the femoral artery. By allowing ambulation and greater mobility, the processes of sarcopenia and cachexia are also likely to be attenuated.</p>
		<fig id="f1">
			<label>Figure 1</label>
			<caption>
				<title>Arteriography performed with a 5F introducer to confirm puncture positioning.</title>
			</caption>
			<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-002-02-0209-gf01.tif"/>
		</fig>
		<fig id="f2">
			<label>Figure 2</label>
			<caption>
				<title>Final position of the intra-aortic balloon pump after percutaneous implantation.</title>
			</caption>
			<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-002-02-0209-gf02.tif"/>
		</fig>
		<p>According to the available data, percutaneous axillary IABP placement is a viable and safe alternative for the implantation of an IABP in patients who require long-term support. The data suggest that placement via the axillary artery requires careful attention for correct device positioning, with increased rates of IABP repositioning and exchange compared with the femoral artery. Prospective and randomized clinical trials involving multidisciplinary teams are needed to provide hemodynamic support and comprehensive care according to the demands and risk profile of each patient in this complex setting of advanced HF.</p>
	</body>
	<back>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
				<p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold></p>
				<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<p><bold>Study Association</bold></p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
				<p><bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold></p>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
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	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Ponto de Vista</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Balão Intra-Aórtico em Artéria Axilar: Onde Estamos?</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Boros</surname>
						<given-names>Gustavo André Boeing</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Bernoche</surname>
						<given-names>Claudia Yanet San Martin de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0538-9628</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Nicz</surname>
						<given-names>Pedro Felipe Gomes</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>4</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff5">
					<label>1</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo – InCor/HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff6">
					<label>2</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">SP</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">São Paulo</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff7">
					<label>3</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná – HC/UFPR, Curitiba, PR – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff8">
					<label>4</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Instituto de Neurologia e Cardiologia de Curitiba – Hospital INC, Curitiba, PR – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspondência: Pedro Felipe Gomes Nicz</bold> • Setor de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Intervencionista – Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Bloco 3. CEP <postal-code>05403-900</postal-code>, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP – Brasil, E-mail: <email>pedronicz@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p><bold>Contribuição dos autores</bold></p>
					<p>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante: Boros GAB, Bernoche CYSM, Nicz PFG; Redação do manuscrito: Boros GAB, Nicz PFG.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p><bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold></p>
					<p>Não há conflito com o presente artigo</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave</title>
				<kwd>Balão Intra-Aórtico</kwd>
				<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca</kwd>
				<kwd>Artéria Axilar</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>A prevalência de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) no Brasil é alta, sendo crescente o número de internações por IC avançada em serviços terciários. Tal perfil denota pacientes persistentemente mais graves, com episódios recorrentes de congestão pulmonar ou baixo débito cardíaco que necessitam de internação hospitalar frequente. O suporte clínico multidisciplinar e a terapia médica otimizada são fundamentais no tratamento; no entanto, em casos refratários, podem ser indicadas terapias de ponte ou destino como dispositivos de assistência circulatória ou ventricular e transplante cardíaco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Pacientes com IC descompensada classificados no Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) 2 ou 1 podem ter indicação de dispositivos de assistência circulatória mecânica (DACM) durante a internação hospitalar. Entre os dispositivos atualmente disponíveis no Brasil, estão o balão intra-aórtico (BIA), o Impella CP, o circuito de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea venoarterial (ECMO-VA) e o Centrimag.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Entre esses, o BIA é o mais utilizado no mundo e no Brasil devido à facilidade de acesso, à custo-efetividade, ao fácil implante e ao manejo. Apesar de efeito modesto sobre o débito cardíaco, o BIA apresenta impacto significativo na hemodinâmica circulatória, maior simplicidade de uso e igual ou superior perfil de segurança quando comparado aos dispositivos mais modernos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Inerente ao uso de DACM e a quadros críticos de IC, a restrição total ou parcial do paciente a atividades motoras pode ser necessária. O desenvolvimento de complicações adicionais devido à imobilidade é fator de risco para piores desfechos hospitalares, e complicações como sarcopenia e caquexia tornam-se mais frequentes e muitas vezes progressivas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Com o objetivo de reduzir a imobilidade e suas consequências sem deixar de fornecer o suporte hemodinâmico necessário, McBride et al. descreveram pela primeira vez, em 1989, a técnica de implante de BIA por via axilar esquerda utilizando acesso cirúrgico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> No início dos anos 2000, duas séries foram publicadas. A primeira descreveu a evolução de 13 pacientes tratados no período de 3 anos com tempo médio em suporte de 37 dias. Desses, 10 foram submetidos ao transplante cardíaco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A segunda relatou a evolução de quatro pacientes portadores de miocardiopatia isquêmica em fila de transplante. A duração do suporte variou entre 12 e 70 dias, todos submetidos ao transplante com sucesso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Em 2012, foi publicada uma série de 18 pacientes tratados com BIA axilar implantados cirurgicamente entre 2007 e 2010. A mediana de duração do suporte foi de 19 dias, e 72% foram submetidos ao transplante cardíaco. Três pacientes apresentaram complicações relacionadas ao dispositivo – migração, rotura ou <italic>kinking</italic>, não associadas a pior desfecho. Não houve complicações vasculares ou acidente vascular cerebral (AVC).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
			<p>A primeira série de pacientes tratados com BIA axilar utilizando apenas acesso percutâneo foi publicada em 2013. Entre 2007 e 2012, 50 pacientes encaminhados para avaliação para transplante cardíaco ou para dispositivos de assistência ventricular (DAV) esquerda foram tratados. A duração média do suporte foi de 18 dias, e 84% dos pacientes foram submetidos ao transplante. As complicações com necessidade de intervenção foram um evento de sangramento maior e duas isquemias de membro superior esquerdo (MSE). Ajustes na posição foram necessários em 44% dos pacientes, e em 20% houve mau funcionamento com necessidade de troca do dispositivo. Não houve morte, AVC ou infecção relacionados ao BIA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Em 2020, o mesmo grupo ampliou a experiência prévia e publicou uma série com 195 pacientes entre 2007 e 2018, divididos em dois grupos conforme o sucesso terapêutico, definido como terapia de destino. A taxa de sucesso foi de 68% – 120 submetidos ao transplante e 13 implantes de DAV de longa permanência. Entre os 62 pacientes restantes (31,8%), houve 16 óbitos (8%), 18 (9,2%) necessitaram escalonamento do suporte, e 28 (14%) tiveram o BIA retirado (22 complicações e 6 contraindicações às terapias de destino). A taxa de sobrevida em 1 ano foi de 87% para o transplante cardíaco e de 62% entre os que receberam DAV. A mediana de duração do suporte foi de 19 dias. Troca ou reposicionamentos dos dispositivos foram comuns (37%), com média de 0,68 de troca de BIA por paciente. A isquemia de MSE ocorreu em 3,5% dos pacientes, sem casos de perda de membro. A taxa de AVC foi 2,5%, de isquemia mesentérica, 3%, e de bacteremia, 9,2% – desses, 16,6% tiveram o BIA retirado por infecção. Os sangramentos relacionados ao sítio de inserção ocorreram em 2,5% dos casos, e os reposicionamentos do BIA foram realizados em 96 pacientes (49%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Mais recentemente, outra série descreveu 38 pacientes tratados de forma percutânea, entre 2017 e 2020. A falha ou migração do BIA com necessidade de troca ocorreu em 21,4% dos pacientes. Não houve complicações maiores, e a taxa de pacientes que receberam terapia de destino foi de 81,6%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Em 2022, Nishida et al. publicaram a experiência com 241 pacientes, 58,9% por acesso cirúrgico. A deambulação foi possível em 90% dos pacientes, e 86,7% receberam terapia de destino.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Complicações vasculares ocorreram em 3% dos pacientes que utilizaram BIA axilar por acesso percutâneo, com necessidade de tratamento cirúrgico em um terço desses pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Alguns centros no Brasil realizam o implante do BIA por via percutânea em MSE, porém dados sobre implante de DACM e tratamento de IC avançada são escassos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figuras 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">2</xref>). O conhecimento é essencial para entendermos melhor os fatores de risco para complicações e evolução desfavorável, assim como para definirmos de forma precisa o papel do BIA axilar no contexto da assistência circulatória mecânica atual. O impacto em fisioterapia e reabilitação motora adequadas, apesar de não investigado diretamente, é ponto favorável à via axilar quando comparada à femoral. Ao permitir deambulação e maior mobilidade, é intuitivo pensar em atenuação dos processos de sarcopenia e caquexia.</p>
			<fig id="f3">
				<label>Figura 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Arteriografia realizada com introdutor 5F para confirmar posicionamento da punção.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-002-02-0209-gf01-pt.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<fig id="f4">
				<label>Figura 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Posição final do balão intra-aórtico após o término percutâneo do implante.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2764-3107-abchf-002-02-0209-gf02-pt.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<p>Com os dados publicados, entendemos que o uso do acesso percutâneo axilar é uma alternativa viável e segura para o implante de BIA em pacientes com previsão do uso prolongado desse tipo de dispositivo. Os dados sugerem que esse tipo de acesso requer uma maior atenção sobre o posicionamento correto do dispositivo, com maior necessidade de reposicionamentos e troca quando comparado com a via femoral. Trata-se de um campo aberto para estudos clínicos prospectivos e randomizados envolvendo as equipes multidisciplinares, com o intuito de fornecer um suporte hemodinâmico e cuidado integral de acordo com as demandas e o perfil de risco de cada paciente nesse complexo cenário da IC avançada.</p>
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					<p><bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold></p>
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					<p><bold>Vinculação acadêmica</bold></p>
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					<p><bold>Aprovação ética e consentimento informado</bold></p>
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