<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article article-type="letter" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abchf</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2764-3107</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abchf.20220012</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20220012</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Viewpoint</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>The EMPEROR-Preserved Trial: Results that Innovate the Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2501-302X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mourilhe-Rocha</surname>
						<given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1206-9489</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bittencourt</surname>
						<given-names>Marcelo Imbroinise</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8692-1115</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
						<given-names>Felipe Neves de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2591-2773</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Salles</surname>
						<given-names>Ana Luiza Ferreira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9891-676X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Spineti</surname>
						<given-names>Pedro Pimenta de Mello</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1883-6546</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
						<given-names>Denilson Campos de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Pró-Cardíaco</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Pró-Cardíaco - Américas Serviços Médicos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3">
				<label>3</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Grupo DASA</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Centro</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Grupo DASA, Centro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4">
				<label>4</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Samaritano Botafogo</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Samaritano Botafogo – Américas Serviços Médicos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff5">
				<label>5</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Unimed Rio</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Unimed Rio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff6">
				<label>6</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto D´Or de Pesquisa e Ensino</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto D´Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha • Rua Voluntários da Pátria, 445/1402. Postal Code 22270-000, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil E-mail: <email>ricardomourilhe@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Author Contributions</p>
					<p>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript: Mourilhe-Rocha R; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Mourilhe-Rocha R, Albuquerque DC.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
					<p>Dr. Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha - advisor and speaker for: Boehringer-Lilly, Astrazeneca, Novartis, Bayer, Servier, Daichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Proadi-SUS.</p>
					<p>Dr. Marcelo Imbroinise Bittencourt - advisor and speaker for: Bristol-Myers Squibb e Sanofi Genzyme.</p>
					<p>Dr. Felipe Neves de Albuquerque - advisor and speaker for: Novartis e Boehringer-Lilly.</p>
					<p>Dr. Pedro Pimenta de Mello Spineti - clinical resarch: Boehringer e Proadi-SUS.</p>
					<p>Dr. Denilson Campos de Albuquerque - advisor and speaker for: Boehringer-Lilly, Astrazeneca, Novartis, Bayer, Pfizer.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>12</day>
				<month>04</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<season>Jan-Mar</season>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>2</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<fpage>64</fpage>
			<lpage>66</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>21</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>01</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>16</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
				<kwd>Treatment</kwd>
				<kwd>Preserved Ejection Fraction</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="2"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="15"/>
				<page-count count="3"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>The treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has been improving by numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological options, as described in national and international guidelines. However, in the scenario of patients with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), no therapeutic update has occurred since the last published guideline.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective hypoglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and are associated with improved glycemic control as well as with reduced body mass and blood pressure. In large-scale randomized trials of patients with diabetes, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors has improved cardiovascular and renal outcomes – including hospitalization for HF (HHF). This benefit was also observed in patients without diabetes who have HFrEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> That is, the presence of T2DM is not necessary to endorse the clinical benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors in HFrEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Recently, the classification of forms of HF according to EF was redefined, but the definition of EF ≥50% for HFpEF was maintained.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> This is a crucial point, since the EMPEROR-Preserved trial used an EF cutoff of 40% for patient inclusion – that is, it included patients with EFs 41% to 50% classified as HF with slightly reduced EF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> However, the authors were careful to prespecify subgroups according to EF, which allowed the interpretation of specific results for each EF range, thus reinforcing the value of this statistical analysis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
		<p>The recently published EMPEROR-Preserved results demonstrate, in an unprecedented way, solid benefits of empagliflozin for patients with HFpEF. It reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death, HHF, or HF emergency visit. This benefit started at day 18 post-randomization. There was also a reduction in the total number of HHFs (first and recurrent) as well as in hospitalizations for any cause. Advantages were evinced in all HF severity spectra: in the most severe one, there were fewer HHFs in intensive care and less need for vasopressors or positive inotropes. In the outpatient setting, fewer patients on empagliflozin required increased diuretics and there was a higher likelihood (1.2 to 1.5x) of improvement in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Despite the consistent effect of reducing HHFs in these scenarios, there was no impact on cardiovascular death alone or on total deaths. Therefore, the combined primary outcome proved to be statistically significant at the expense of the impact on hospitalizations, which does not underestimate the beneficial effect of the drug for HFpEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
		<p>As mentioned earlier, in order to study the impact on different EF ranges, the authors analyzed 3 EF subgroups. The benefit of reducing HHFs was similar across the lower EF ranges (40%-50% and 51%-60%), but it was attenuated in the subgroup with higher EFs (above 60%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Another relevant aspect of the EMPEROR-Preserved trial was the use of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) to assess the impact on quality of life (QoL). Two results were prominent. First, the benefit of reducing cardiovascular outcomes was independent of the severity of the symptoms presented at the beginning of the follow-up (ie, with a lower KCCQ score). Second, the mean KCCQ score was better in the intervention group over the 26.2 months of follow-up reflecting a gain in QoL – an effect that appeared early and was maintained for at least 12 months. This advantage was seen in all patients, regardless of their KCCQ or NYHA data at baseline. These findings reinforce the importance of early initiation of empagliflozin in HFpEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
		<p>This type of finding is similar to that reported in other randomized trials of HFpEF (such as TOPCAT and PARAGON-HF). It is important to highlight, however, that this impact on QoL was also attenuated in patients with EFs ≥60% to 65% (as well as for HHFs).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
		<p>In contrast to these favorable effects, empagliflozin did not reproduce this pattern in major renal outcomes – defined as a sustained ≥40% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (renal death was not included in this outcome in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial). These disagreements were intriguing because, in previous clinical trials, the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on HF and renal outcomes was consistent.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
		<p>An explanation for the lack of “renal protection” in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial may be the definition of renal outcomes. A meta-analysis demonstrated agreement between the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on HF and renal outcomes when using a more conventional definition of renal outcomes, a finding in line with observations of the effects of this drug class in other large-scale studies of patients with T2DM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
		<p>A perplexing factor in the interpretation of HFpEF studies is the heterogeneity of the EF thresholds adopted to define it. Inclusion criteria were ≥40% in PEP-CHF, &gt;40% in CHARM-Preserved, and ≥45% in I-PRESERVED, TOPCAT, and PARAGON-HF. Note that, as in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial, all patients with slightly reduced EF were included, not just those diagnosed with HFpEF according to the latest universal classification (EF ≥50%). This seems to be a relevant and weak point, as the greatest benefits in the primary outcomes of these studies were recorded for a left ventricular EF of 40% to 50%, whereas the same treatments were ineffective for patients with an EF &gt;60%. The same pattern was observed in the EMPEROR-Preserved subgroup analysis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
		<p>When analyzing the characteristics of the EMPEROR-Preserved population, there was a higher percentage of patients with T2DM in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial (49% vs 33% TOPCAT vs 43% PARAGON), which may have contributed to the overall benefits of empagliflozin in addition to standard therapy. Furthermore, only 2% of patients received sacubitril/valsartan, and the combined use of these drugs in the management of HFpEF warrants further investigation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
		<p>A comparison of the effects reported in 2 randomized trials of patients with HFpEF evaluating the benefits of neprilysin inhibition and SGLT2 inhibition using the same EF cutoffs in comparable patient populations would be ideal. Currently, we can use indirect comparisons between PARAGON (sacubitril-valsartan) and EMPEROR-Preserved (empagliflozin) to infer which drug provides the greatest clinical benefit in HFpEF. Thus, in the outcomes that include HHF, the effect size appears to be larger for empagliflozin in most EF subgroups. We highlight the odds ratio (OR) of one of these outcomes, time to first HHF, to illustrate these findings in the table below.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
		<p>The magnitude of the reduction in the risk of serious HF outcomes appears to be greater with SGLT2 inhibition than with neprilysin inhibition for most patients with HFpEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Although the EMPEROR-Preserved results may indicate a long-awaited advance in the approach to HFpEF, the heterogeneous patient profile motivates the design of studies based on a more accurate phenotypic characterization. This scenario would allow us to take advantage of the predominant mechanism of action of the different agents available in individually appropriate clinical phenotypes.</p>
		<p>
			<table-wrap id="t1">
				<label>Table 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>– Odds Ratio for Time to First Hospitalization for Heart Failure: Comparison between PARAGON-HF vs EMPEROR-Preserved according to ejection fraction subgroups</title>
				</caption>
				<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
					<colgroup>
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
					</colgroup>
					<thead>
						<tr>
							<th align="left">EF subgroup</th>
							<th>PARAGON-HF</th>
							<th>EMPEROR-Preserved</th>
						</tr>
					</thead>
					<tbody>
						<tr>
							<td>&gt;42.5% to ≤52.5%</td>
							<td align="center">0.83 (0.65-1.06*)</td>
							<td align="center">0.65 (0.50-0.85*)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>&gt;52.5% to ≤62.5%</td>
							<td align="center">0.87 (0.71-1.07*)</td>
							<td align="center">0.68 (0.51-0.89*)</td>
						</tr>
					</tbody>
				</table>
				<table-wrap-foot>
					<fn id="TFN1">
						<p><italic>EF: ejection fraction, Odds ratio: Hazard rate, *95% confidence interval</italic></p>
					</fn>
				</table-wrap-foot>
			</table-wrap>
		</p>
		<p>Additionally, evidence is still lacking on how to treat patients with EF ≥60%-65%, and we need to wait for the results of other ongoing studies using SGLT2 inhibitors in HFpEF to know how to act in this scenario.</p>
		<p>Finally, we can say that we have left ground zero and, in the current context of scientific knowledge, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in HFpEF seems to be the best therapeutic option for these individuals.</p>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ref-list>
			<title>References</title>
			<ref id="B1">
				<label>1</label>
				<mixed-citation>1. Marcondes-Braga FG, Moura LAZ, Issa VS, Vieira JL, Rohde LE, Simões MV, et al. Emerging Topics Update of the Brazilian Heart Failure Guideline - 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;116(6):1174-212. doi: 10.36660/abc.20210367.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Marcondes-Braga</surname>
							<given-names>FG</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Moura</surname>
							<given-names>LAZ</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Issa</surname>
							<given-names>VS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Vieira</surname>
							<given-names>JL</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rohde</surname>
							<given-names>LE</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Simões</surname>
							<given-names>MV</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Emerging Topics Update of the Brazilian Heart Failure Guideline - 2021</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<volume>116</volume>
					<issue>6</issue>
					<fpage>1174</fpage>
					<lpage>1212</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210367.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B2">
				<label>2</label>
				<mixed-citation>2. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599-3726. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>McDonagh</surname>
							<given-names>TA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Metra</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Adamo</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Gardner</surname>
							<given-names>RS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Baumbach</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Böhm</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>2021 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure</article-title>
					<source>Eur Heart J</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<volume>42</volume>
					<issue>36</issue>
					<fpage>3599</fpage>
					<lpage>3726</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B3">
				<label>3</label>
				<mixed-citation>3. Maddox TM, Januzzi JL Jr, Allen LA, Breathett K, Butler J, Davis LL, et al. 2021 Update to the 2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Optimization of Heart Failure Treatment: Answers to 10 Pivotal Issues About Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(6):772-810. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.022.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Maddox</surname>
							<given-names>TM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Januzzi</surname>
							<given-names>JL</given-names>
							<suffix>Jr</suffix>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Allen</surname>
							<given-names>LA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Breathett</surname>
							<given-names>K</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Butler</surname>
							<given-names>J</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Davis</surname>
							<given-names>LL</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>2021 Update to the 2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Optimization of Heart Failure Treatment: Answers to 10 Pivotal Issues About Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee</article-title>
					<source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<volume>77</volume>
					<issue>6</issue>
					<fpage>772</fpage>
					<lpage>810</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.022.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B4">
				<label>4</label>
				<mixed-citation>4. Fernandes-Silva MM, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Brito FS, Jorge AJL, Issa VS, Danzmann LC. Emerging Topics in Heart Failure: Heart Failure with Preserved and Mid-Range Ejection Fraction. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020;115(5):949-52. doi: 10.36660/abc.20201105.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Fernandes-Silva</surname>
							<given-names>MM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Mourilhe-Rocha</surname>
							<given-names>R</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Brito</surname>
							<given-names>FS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Jorge</surname>
							<given-names>AJL</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Issa</surname>
							<given-names>VS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Danzmann</surname>
							<given-names>LC</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Emerging Topics in Heart Failure: Heart Failure with Preserved and Mid-Range Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2020</year>
					<volume>115</volume>
					<issue>5</issue>
					<fpage>949</fpage>
					<lpage>952</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201105.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B5">
				<label>5</label>
				<mixed-citation>5. Cowie MR, Fisher M. SGLT2 Inhibitors: Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Benefit Beyond Glycaemic Control. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17(12):761-72. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0406-8.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Cowie</surname>
							<given-names>MR</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Fisher</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>SGLT2 Inhibitors: Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Benefit Beyond Glycaemic Control</article-title>
					<source>Nat Rev Cardiol</source>
					<year>2020</year>
					<volume>17</volume>
					<issue>12</issue>
					<fpage>761</fpage>
					<lpage>772</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41569-020-0406-8.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B6">
				<label>6</label>
				<mixed-citation>6. Bozkurt B, Coats AJ, Tsutsui H, Abdelhamid M, Adamopoulos S, Albert N, et al. Universal Definition and Classification of Heart Failure: A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure. J Card Fail. 2021:S1071-9164(21)00050-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.01.022.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Bozkurt</surname>
							<given-names>B</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Coats</surname>
							<given-names>AJ</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Tsutsui</surname>
							<given-names>H</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Abdelhamid</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Adamopoulos</surname>
							<given-names>S</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Albert</surname>
							<given-names>N</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Universal Definition and Classification of Heart Failure: A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure</article-title>
					<source>J Card Fail</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<season>S1071-9164</season>
					<issue>21</issue>
					<fpage>00050</fpage>
					<lpage>00056</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.01.022.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B7">
				<label>7</label>
				<mixed-citation>7. Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Khan MS, Ferreira JP, Bocchi E, et al. Baseline Characteristics of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(12):2383-92. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.2064.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Anker</surname>
							<given-names>SD</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Butler</surname>
							<given-names>J</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Filippatos</surname>
							<given-names>G</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Khan</surname>
							<given-names>MS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ferreira</surname>
							<given-names>JP</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Bocchi</surname>
							<given-names>E</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Baseline Characteristics of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial</article-title>
					<source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
					<year>2020</year>
					<volume>22</volume>
					<issue>12</issue>
					<fpage>2383</fpage>
					<lpage>2392</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ejhf.2064.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B8">
				<label>8</label>
				<mixed-citation>8. Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos GS, Jamal W, Salsali A, Schnee J, et al. Evaluation of the Effects of Sodium-glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibition with Empagliflozin on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction: Rationale for and Design of the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(10):1279-87. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1596.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Anker</surname>
							<given-names>SD</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Butler</surname>
							<given-names>J</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Filippatos</surname>
							<given-names>GS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Jamal</surname>
							<given-names>W</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Salsali</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Schnee</surname>
							<given-names>J</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Evaluation of the Effects of Sodium-glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibition with Empagliflozin on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction: Rationale for and Design of the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial</article-title>
					<source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
					<year>2019</year>
					<volume>21</volume>
					<issue>10</issue>
					<fpage>1279</fpage>
					<lpage>1287</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ejhf.1596.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B9">
				<label>9</label>
				<mixed-citation>9. Packer M, Butler J, Zannad F, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Effect of Empagliflozin on Worsening Heart Failure Events in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: EMPEROR-Preserved Trial. Circulation. 2021;144(16):1284-94. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056824.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Packer</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Butler</surname>
							<given-names>J</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Zannad</surname>
							<given-names>F</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Filippatos</surname>
							<given-names>G</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ferreira</surname>
							<given-names>JP</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Pocock</surname>
							<given-names>SJ</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Effect of Empagliflozin on Worsening Heart Failure Events in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: EMPEROR-Preserved Trial</article-title>
					<source>Circulation</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<volume>144</volume>
					<issue>16</issue>
					<fpage>1284</fpage>
					<lpage>1294</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056824.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B10">
				<label>10</label>
				<mixed-citation>10. Huynh K. Empagliflozin Improves Clinical Outcomes for HFpEF in EMPEROR-Preserved. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18(11):737. doi: 10.1038/s41569-021-00627-z.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Huynh</surname>
							<given-names>K</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Empagliflozin Improves Clinical Outcomes for HFpEF in EMPEROR-Preserved</article-title>
					<source>Nat Rev Cardiol</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<volume>18</volume>
					<issue>11</issue>
					<size units="pages">737</size>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41569-021-00627-z.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B11">
				<label>11</label>
				<mixed-citation>11. Butler J, Filippatos G, Siddiqi TJ, Brueckmann M, Böhm M, Chopra VK, et al. Empagliflozin, Health Status, and Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Preserved Trial. Circulation. 2022;145(3):184-93. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057812.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Butler</surname>
							<given-names>J</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Filippatos</surname>
							<given-names>G</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Siddiqi</surname>
							<given-names>TJ</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Brueckmann</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Böhm</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Chopra</surname>
							<given-names>VK</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Empagliflozin, Health Status, and Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Preserved Trial</article-title>
					<source>Circulation</source>
					<year>2022</year>
					<volume>145</volume>
					<issue>3</issue>
					<fpage>184</fpage>
					<lpage>193</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057812.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B12">
				<label>12</label>
				<mixed-citation>12. Butler J, Siddiqi TJ, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, Zannad F, et al. Early Benefit with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights from the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022 [ahead of print]. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.2420.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Butler</surname>
							<given-names>J</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Siddiqi</surname>
							<given-names>TJ</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Filippatos</surname>
							<given-names>G</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ferreira</surname>
							<given-names>JP</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Pocock</surname>
							<given-names>SJ</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Zannad</surname>
							<given-names>F</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Early Benefit with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights from the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial</article-title>
					<source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
					<year>2022</year>
					<comment>ahead of print</comment>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ejhf.2420.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B13">
				<label>13</label>
				<mixed-citation>13. Packer M, Zannad F, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Influence of Endpoint Definitions on the Effect of Empagliflozin on Major Renal Outcomes in the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(10):1798-9. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.2334.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Packer</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Zannad</surname>
							<given-names>F</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Butler</surname>
							<given-names>J</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Filippatos</surname>
							<given-names>G</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ferreira</surname>
							<given-names>JP</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Pocock</surname>
							<given-names>SJ</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Influence of Endpoint Definitions on the Effect of Empagliflozin on Major Renal Outcomes in the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial</article-title>
					<source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<volume>23</volume>
					<issue>10</issue>
					<fpage>1798</fpage>
					<lpage>1799</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ejhf.2334.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B14">
				<label>14</label>
				<mixed-citation>14. Volpe M, Patrono C. The EMPEROR-Preserved Study: End of the Search for the “Phoenix” or Beginning of a New Season for Trials in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(45):4621-3. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab715.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Volpe</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Patrono</surname>
							<given-names>C</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>The EMPEROR-Preserved Study: End of the Search for the “Phoenix” or Beginning of a New Season for Trials in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
					<source>Eur Heart J</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<volume>42</volume>
					<issue>45</issue>
					<fpage>4621</fpage>
					<lpage>4623</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehab715.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B15">
				<label>15</label>
				<mixed-citation>15. Packer M, Zannad F, Anker SD. Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Side-by-Side Examination of the PARAGON-HF and EMPEROR-Preserved Trials. Circulation. 2021;144(15):1193-5. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056657.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Packer</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Zannad</surname>
							<given-names>F</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Anker</surname>
							<given-names>SD</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Side-by-Side Examination of the PARAGON-HF and EMPEROR-Preserved Trials</article-title>
					<source>Circulation</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<volume>144</volume>
					<issue>15</issue>
					<fpage>1193</fpage>
					<lpage>1195</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056657.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<p>Study Association</p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by">
				<p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Ponto de Vista</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>O Estudo EMPEROR-Preserved: Resultados que Inovam o Tratamento da Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Preservada</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2501-302X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mourilhe-Rocha</surname>
						<given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1206-9489</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bittencourt</surname>
						<given-names>Marcelo Imbroinise</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3002"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8692-1115</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
						<given-names>Felipe Neves de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4002"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2591-2773</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Salles</surname>
						<given-names>Ana Luiza Ferreira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9891-676X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Spineti</surname>
						<given-names>Pedro Pimenta de Mello</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5002"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1883-6546</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
						<given-names>Denilson Campos de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6002"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Pró-Cardíaco - Américas Serviços Médicos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3002">
				<label>3</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Grupo DASA, Centro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4002">
				<label>4</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Samaritano Botafogo – Américas Serviços Médicos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff5002">
				<label>5</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Unimed Rio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff6002">
				<label>6</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto D´Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">Correspondência: Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha Rua Voluntários da Pátria, 445/1402. CEP 22270-000, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil E-mail: ricardomourilhe@gmail.com</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Contribuição dos autores</p>
					<p>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa, Obtenção de dados, Análise e interpretação dos dados e Redação do manuscrito: Mourilhe-Rocha R; Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante: Mourilhe-Rocha R, Albuquerque DC.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
					<p>Dr. Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha - consultoria e palestras para: Boehringer-Lilly, Astrazeneca, Novartis, Bayer, Servier, Daichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Proadi-SUS.</p>
					<p>Dr. Marcelo Imbroinise Bittencourt - consultoria e palestras para: Bristol-Myers Squibb e Sanofi Genzyme.</p>
					<p>Dr. Felipe Neves de Albuquerque - consultoria e palestras para: Novartis e Boehringer-Lilly.</p>
					<p>Dr. Pedro Pimenta de Mello Spineti - pesquisa clínica: Boehringer e Proadi-SUS.</p>
					<p>Dr. Denilson Campos de Albuquerque - consultoria e palestras para: Boehringer-Lilly, Astrazeneca, Novartis, Bayer, Pfizer.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca</kwd>
				<kwd>Terapêutica</kwd>
				<kwd>Fração de Ejeção Preservada</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>O tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFEr) vem se aprimorando com inúmeras alternativas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas, conforme descritas em diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Entretanto, para o cenário de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEp), nenhuma atualização terapêutica ocorreu até a última diretriz publicada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Os inibidores do cotransportador sódio-glicose 2 (iSGLT2) são terapias hipoglicemiantes eficazes no diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2) e estão associados a melhor controle glicêmico e reduções na massa corporal e na pressão arterial. Em grandes estudos randomizados em pacientes com diabetes, os iSGLT2 melhoraram desfechos cardiovasculares (DCV) e renais – incluindo hospitalização por insuficiência cardíaca (HIC). Esse benefício também foi reproduzido nos pacientes não diabéticos com ICFEr,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> ou seja, DM2 não é necessário para certificar benefício clínico dos iSGLT2 na ICFEr.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Recentemente, houve uma redefinição da classificação das formas de insuficiência cardíaca (IC) conforme a fração de ejeção (FE), e foi mantida a definição de FE maior ou igual a 50% para a ICFEp.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Esse é um ponto crucial, uma vez que o estudo EMPEROR-Preserved usou o corte de FE maior que 40% para inclusão de pacientes – isto é, incluiu pacientes com FE de 41 a 50% classificados como IC com FE levemente reduzida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> No entanto, os autores tiveram o cuidado de preestabelecer subgrupos de acordo com FE, e isso permitiu a interpretação de resultados específicos para cada faixa de FE, reforçando o valor dessa análise estatística.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Os resultados do EMPEROR-Preserved publicados recentemente demostram, de forma inédita, benefícios concretos da empagliflozina em pacientes com ICFEp. Ela reduziu o risco combinado de morte cardiovascular (MCV), HIC ou visita à emergência por IC. Esse benefício se iniciou a partir do 18º dia pós-randomização. Também houve redução no número total de HIC (primeira e recorrente), assim como internações por qualquer causa. Demonstraram-se benefícios em todos os espectros de gravidade da IC: em relação aos mais graves, diminuição do número de HIC em terapia intensiva, menor necessidade de vasopressor ou inotrópico positivo. Em pacientes ambulatoriais, menos pacientes em uso de empagliflozina necessitaram de aumento de diuréticos e chance superior (1,2 a 1,5x) de melhora de classe funcional da <italic>New York Heart Association</italic> (NYHA)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> . Apesar da consistência desse efeito na redução de HIC nesses cenários, não houve impacto sobre MCV isoladamente ou sobre morte total. Assim, o desfecho primário combinado se mostrou estatisticamente significativo às custas do impacto nas internações, o que não subestima o efeito benéfico da droga para ICFEp.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Como mencionado anteriormente, para estudar o impacto sobre as diferentes faixas de FE, os autores analisaram três subgrupos de FE. O benefício na redução de HIC foi semelhante entre as faixas menos elevadas de FE (de 40 a 50% e entre 51 a 60%), mas foi atenuado no subgrupo com FE mais altas (acima de 60%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Outro aspecto relevante do EMPEROR-Preserved foi a utilização do <italic>Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire</italic> (KCCQ) para avaliação no impacto sobre a qualidade de vida (QdV). Dois resultados se destacam: primeiro, o benefício na redução de desfechos cardiovasculares foi independente da gravidade dos sintomas apresentados no início do acompanhamento (ou seja, com menor pontuação no KCCQ). Além disso, a média na pontuação do KCCQ foi melhor no grupo intervenção ao longo dos 26,2 meses de <italic>follow-up</italic> , refletindo um ganho na QdV – um efeito que apareceu precocemente e se manteve no mínimo até 12 meses. Essa vantagem foi observada para todos os pacientes, independentemente de como estavam no início do acompanhamento em relação ao KCCQ ou NYHA. Esses achados reforçam a importância do início precoce da empagliflozina na ICFEp.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Esse tipo de achado é semelhante aos de outros estudos randomizados em ICFEp (como TOPCAT e PARAGON-HF). É importante destacar, no entanto, que esse padrão sobre QdV também foi atenuado naqueles com FE ≥ 60% a 65% (assim como para HIC).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Em contraste com esses efeitos favoráveis, a empagliflozina não reproduziu esse padrão sobre desfechos renais principais – definidos como redução sustentada ≥ 40% na taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (TFGe) (não foi incluído morte renal nesse desfecho no EMPEROR). Essas discordâncias foram intrigantes uma vez que, em ensaios clínicos prévios, o efeito dos iSGLT2 na IC e nos desfechos renais foi consistente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Uma explicação para a ausência de “proteção renal” no EMPEROR-Preserved pode ter sido a definição de desfecho renal. Uma metanálise demonstrou concordância dos efeitos dos iSGLT2 nos desfechos de IC e renais quando utilizada uma definição mais convencional dos desfechos renais, achado que se alinha com observações dos efeitos dessa classe de medicamentos em outros estudos de larga escala em pacientes com DM2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Um fator de confusão na interpretação dos estudos em ICFEp é a heterogeneidade nos limiares de FE adotados para defini-la. Os critérios de inclusão variaram de ≥ 40% no PEP-CHF; &gt; 40% no CHARM-Preserved; e ≥ 45% no I-PRESERVED, TOPCAT e PARAGON-HF. Nota-se que, assim como no EMPEROR-Preserved, todos incluíram pacientes com FE levemente reduzida, e não apenas aqueles com diagnóstico de ICFEp segundo a última classificação universal (FE ≥ 50%). Esse parece ser um ponto relevante e frágil, pois os maiores benefícios nos desfechos primários desses estudos foram registrados para FEVE entre 40% e 50%, enquanto os mesmos tratamentos foram ineficazes para pacientes com FE &gt; 60%. Esse padrão se repetiu na análise de subgrupo no EMPEROR-Preserved.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Quando analisadas as características da população do EMPEROR-Preserved, havia maior percentual de pacientes com DM2 no EMPEROR-Preserved (49% vs. 33% no TOPCAT vs. 43% no PARAGON-HF), e isso pode ter contribuído para os benefícios gerais da empagliflozina além da terapia padrão. Além disso, apenas 2% dos pacientes receberam sacubitril/valsartana, e a combinação dessas drogas no manejo da ICFEp merece maior investigação.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Uma comparação dos efeitos em dois estudos randomizados em pacientes com ICFEp avaliando os benefícios da inibição da neprilisina e da inibição do cotransportador sódio-glicose 2 usando os mesmos cortes de FE em populações de pacientes comparáveis seria o ideal. Por enquanto, podemos usar comparações indiretas entre os estudos PARAGON-HF (sacubitril-valsartana) e EMPEROR-Preserved (empagliflozina) para inferir qual droga de maior benefício clínico na ICFEp. Assim, nos desfechos que incluíram HIC, o tamanho do efeito parece ser maior para empagliflozina na maioria dos subgrupos de FE. Destacamos a <italic>odds ratio</italic> (OR) de um desses desfechos – o tempo até a primeira HIC – para ilustrar esses achados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1002">Tabela 1</xref> .<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1002">
					<label>Tabela 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Odds ratio para tempo até primeira hospitalização por insuficiência cardíaca: comparação entre os estudos PARAGON-HF x EMPEROR-Preserved segundo os subgrupos de fração de ejeção</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left">Subgrupo de FE</th>
								<th>PARAGON-HF</th>
								<th>EMPEROR-Preserved</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td>42,5 a 52,5%</td>
								<td align="center">0,83 (0,65-1,06*)</td>
								<td align="center">0,65 (0,50-0,85*)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>52,5 a 62,5%</td>
								<td align="center">0,87 (0,71-1,07*)</td>
								<td align="center">0,68 (0,51-0,89*)</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN1002">
							<p><italic>FE: Fração de ejeção. *Intervalo de confiança de 95%.</italic></p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>A magnitude da redução no risco de desfechos graves de IC parece ser maior com a inibição do cotransportador sódio-glicose 2 do que com a inibição da neprilisina para a maioria dos pacientes com ICFEp.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Embora os resultados do EMPEROR-Preserved possam representar um avanço há muito esperado na abordagem da ICFEp, o perfil heterogêneo desses pacientes motiva o desenho de estudos baseados em uma caracterização fenotípica mais acurada. Nesse cenário, seria possível aproveitar o mecanismo de ação predominante dos diferentes agentes disponíveis em fenótipos clínicos apropriados individualmente.</p>
			<p>Além disso, ainda não existem evidências de como tratar os pacientes com FE &gt; 60 a 65%, e precisamos aguardar os resultados de outros estudos em curso com iSGLT2 na ICFEp para sabermos como atuar nesse cenário.</p>
			<p>Por fim, podemos dizer que saímos da estaca zero, e, no atual contexto do conhecimento científico, a utilização dos iSGLT2 na ICFEp parece ser a melhor alternativa terapêutica para esses indivíduos.</p>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p>Vinculação acadêmica</p>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p>Aprovação ética e consentimento informado</p>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="supported-by">
					<p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>