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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20230102i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230102i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>The Importance of Imaging Multimodality in the Diagnosis of a Rare Case of Papillary Fibroelastoma in the Left Ventricular Apex</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7900-6506</contrib-id>	
<name><surname>Pereira</surname><given-names>Marcio Mendes</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3017-7459</contrib-id>	
<name><surname>Nina</surname><given-names>Vin&#xED;cius Jos&#xE9; da Silva</given-names></name>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<role>surgical treatment</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2525-1976</contrib-id>	
<name><surname>Melo</surname><given-names>Jos&#xE9; Xavier de</given-names><suffix>Filho</suffix></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2884-1712</contrib-id>	
<name><surname>Melo</surname><given-names>Rodrigo de Jesus Louzeiro</given-names></name>
<role>patient management during hospitalization</role>
<role>cardiac MRI</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0741-1331</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Juliano</surname><given-names>Marco T&#xFA;lio Hercos</given-names></name>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<role>patient management during hospitalization</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Pereira</surname><given-names>Luma Sayonara Martins</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">UDI Hospital/IDOR</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Ecocardiografia</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Luis</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">UDI Hospital/IDOR, Ecocardiografia, S&#xE3;o Luis, MA &#x2013; Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Marcio Mendes Pereira</bold> &#x2022; UDI Hospital, Ecocardiografia. Av. Prof. Carlos Cunha, 2000. Postal code: 65076-820. Jaracti, S&#xE3;o Luis, MA &#x2013; Brazil E-mail: <email>marciomp50@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold></p>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>20</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<elocation-id>e20230102</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>13</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>14</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>16</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma</title>
<kwd>Heart Neoplasms</kwd>
<kwd>Transient Ischemic Attack</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="8"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="10"/></counts></article-meta></front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>Papillary fibroelastoma (PF) is a rare, benign primary cardiac neoplasm, initially described as an incidental finding in autopsies or surgeries, and ranks third among the most common cardiac tumors. It mainly affects the heart valves, accounting for 75% of all tumors in this region and is often diagnosed incidentally.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
<p>Its clinical presentation can vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to situations in which systemic embolization occurs, caused by adherent thrombi as well as by fragmentation of the tumor itself. Currently, PF is no longer a tumor diagnosed only in autopsies and can now detected with new cardiovascular imaging modalities, thus enabling early treatment and preventing complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>Our study presents a clinical case report of a patient with PF located at the apex of the left ventricle, in which the diagnosis was suggested during a transthoracic echocardiogram. Hence, our work demonstrates the importance of the multimodality of cardiovascular imaging in identifying primary cardiac tumors, such as PF. Furthermore, the importance of differential diagnoses, propaedeutic aspects, and the therapeutic approach to PF was addressed.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Case Report</title>
<p>Our study presents the case of a 53-year-old female patient with a previous history of transient ischemic attack (TIA). The clinical examination was normal, and the electrocardiogram was in a proper sinus rhythm. In the preoperative assessment of lumbar denervation, a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was requested, which revealed an oval mass, slightly more echogenic than the myocardium, homogeneous, with a smooth, mobile surface, located at the apex of the left ventricle, which could correspond to a thrombus or tumor (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). The TTE was complemented with ultrasound contrast to better characterize the mass, ruling out the possibility of a thrombus, confirming that it was an apical, pedunculated tumor, with homogeneous contrast distribution, measuring 0.9 cm x 1.0 cm, with a peduncle of 0.6 cm in length and 0.2 cm in thickness (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>), suggestive of PF. Subsequently, a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) scan was performed, which identified a homogeneous pedunculated mass at the apex of the left ventricle, measuring 1.0 &#xD7; 0.8 cm, isointense on T1 and T2, with no fat saturation, without first-pass perfusion, showing late peripheral enhancement &#x201C;in a peripheral halo&#x201D; (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>), compatible with PF. The patient underwent heart surgery, and an oval, pedunculated tumor was identified at the apex of the left ventricle (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4</xref>). After surgical excision of the tumor, the histopathological study revealed that it was a neoplasm comprised of avascular bundles with fibroelastic content and endocardial lining, consistent with the diagnosis of PF.</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Two-dimensional and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram (TTEcho): a rounded structure was identified, slightly more echogenic than the myocardium, homogeneous, measuring 1.2 &#xD7; 1.2 cm, with a smooth, mobile surface, located at the apex of the left ventricle, with a velvety appearance, which may correspond to a thrombus or a tumor.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230102-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Contrast echocardiogram, showing the presence of a tumor at the apex of the left ventricle, with benign characteristics, suggestive of papillary fibroelastoma.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230102-gf02.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figura 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), showing a homogeneous pedunculated mass at the apex of the left ventricle, measuring 1.0 &#xD7; 0.8 cm, isointense on T1 and T2, with no fat saturation and no first-pass perfusion, showing late peripheral enhancement &#x201C;in a peripheral halo&#x201D;.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230102-gf03.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figure 4</label>
<caption>
<title>Oval tumor, measuring 1.0 &#xD7; 0.8 cm, pedunculated at the apex of the left ventricle.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230102-gf04.tif"/>
</fig>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussion</title>
<p>The diagnosis and treatment of cardiac masses are a real challenge, although they are rarely found in clinical practice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The incidence of primary cardiac tumors is approximately 0.017% to 0.20%, half of which are myxomas and nearly 75% are benign.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> PF can be found in different regions of the heart, representing around 10% of all cardiac tumors. Typically, this type of tumor affects the heart valves, and is more common in the valves on the left side of the heart, especially the aortic valve (29%) and the mitral valve (25%), compared to the pulmonary valve (13%) and the tricuspid valve (17 %). However, it can appear on any endocardial surface, including non-valvular regions,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> as observed in the case described above.</p>
<p>The occurrence of PF in the apex of the left ventricle is considered to be extremely rare. According to a study conducted by Sovic et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> from 1997 to 2018, only 13 cases of PF in the apical region were described in the medical literature.</p>
<p>In most cases, the tumor is single, pedunculated, and avascular, and has an average size of approximately 1 cm in diameter, but it can vary between 0.2 and 4.6 cm, and is attached to the endocardium by a short, thin rod. Microscopically, this pathology consists of avascular connective tissue covered by an endothelium, with an appearance similar to &#x201C;sea anemone&#x201D;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>In the study by Saleh et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> 14 patients were found with 18 lesions (mean age of 60.5 &#xB1; 12.3 years), resembling the age of the patient in this report. Eleven patients (79%) were symptomatic. Most lesions were solitary, with a diameter of &#x2264;1.5 cm, half involving the left side of the heart.</p>
<p>Generally, PF is asymptomatic and, in most cases, is diagnosed incidentally during imaging tests or surgeries for other causes. The clinical manifestation occurs mainly due to embolization, often cerebrovascular. In the case reported herein, the patient had a previous episode of TIA. PF can cause peripheral embolisms and an obstruction of the coronary ostia, which can begin as a myocardial infarction, especially in the aortic valve. Differential diagnosis must be made with clots, calcium, vegetation, or other foreign bodies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
<p>Symptomatic patients or those with pedunculated tumors should undergo surgical resection as the treatment of choice, aiming to prevent embolic phenomena. In asymptomatic individuals, surgery is controversial, with tumor mobility being the determining factor for surgical intervention. Therefore, asymptomatic patients with non-mobile tumors can be monitored in periodic clinical evaluations. Recurrence is rare, and has been only described in a few cases, highlighting the relevance of monitoring with TTE for identification.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
<p>Advances in non-invasive diagnostic imaging techniques have played a key role in evaluating and identifying an increasing number of intracardiac tumors more quickly and more effectively, even in the case of those that are poorly defined and small in size. Among these techniques, TTE stands out as a non-invasive method with greater access and high accuracy in detecting cardiac tumors, presenting a specificity of 87.8% and a sensitivity of 88.9%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Ultrasound contrast allows for a better visualization of the structures within the cavity and the assessment of their vascularization. The difference in blood flow in cardiac masses can help distinguish between vascular or non-vascular thrombi or tumors through the contrast distribution pattern.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> CMR evaluates key characteristics, including morphology, dimensions, location, extension, homogeneity, and presence of the infiltration of surrounding tissues. Furthermore, it also analyzes signal characteristics that can assist in histopathological characterization, such as fatty infiltration, necrosis, hemorrhage, calcification, and vascularization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions">
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>This report shows that PF in the apex of the left ventricle is rare, as evidenced by the scarcity of reports in the medical literature. The diagnosis is generally made incidentally. Although it is benign and asymptomatic in most cases, it is important to perform differential diagnoses in order to choose the appropriate treatment and prevent complications, such as embolic events. Non-invasive cardiovascular imaging techniques have been very useful in diagnostic evaluations and play an important role in identifying PF. The present case highlights the importance of using different imaging modalities to diagnose and plan PF surgery.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1"><p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold></p>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2"><p><bold>Study Association</bold></p>
<p>This article is part of the final project submitted by Luma Sayonara Martins Pereira, from Programa de Resid&#xEA;ncia M&#xE9;dica em Cardiologia do UDI Hospital.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3"><p><bold>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</bold></p>
<p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital e Maternidade S&#xE3;o Domingos under the protocol number 6.482.701. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4"><p>Editor responsible for the review: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn>
</fn-group>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230102</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Relato de Caso</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>A Import&#xE2;ncia da Multimodalidade de Imagem no Diagn&#xF3;stico de um Raro Caso de Fibroelastoma Papilar no &#xC1;pice do Ventr&#xED;culo Esquerdo</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7900-6506</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Pereira</surname><given-names>Marcio Mendes</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
<role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3017-7459</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Nina</surname><given-names>Vin&#xED;cius Jos&#xE9; da Silva</given-names></name>
<role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<role>tratamento cir&#xFA;rgico</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2525-1976</contrib-id>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2525-1976</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Melo</surname><given-names>Jos&#xE9; Xavier de</given-names><suffix>Filho</suffix></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2884-1712</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Melo</surname><given-names>Rodrigo de Jesus Louzeiro</given-names></name>
<role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<role>resson&#xE2;ncia card&#xED;aca</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0741-1331</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Juliano</surname><given-names>Marco T&#xFA;lio Hercos</given-names></name>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<role>condu&#xE7;&#xE3;o do paciente durante a interna&#xE7;&#xE3;o</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Pereira</surname><given-names>Luma Sayonara Martins</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Luis</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">UDI Hospital/IDOR, Ecocardiografia, S&#xE3;o Luis, MA &#x2013; Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: Marcio Mendes Pereira</bold> &#x2022; UDI Hospital, Ecocardiografia. Av. Prof. Carlos Cunha, 2000. CEP: <postal-code>65076-820</postal-code>. Jaracti, S&#xE3;o Luis, MA &#x2013; Brasil E-mail: <email>marciomp50@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold></p>
<p>Declaro n&#xE3;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Fibroelastoma Papilar Card&#xED;aco</kwd>
<kwd>Neoplasias Card&#xED;acas</kwd>
<kwd>Ataque Isqu&#xEA;mico Transit&#xF3;rio</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introdu&#xE7;&#xE3;o</title>
<p>O fibroelastoma papilar (FP) &#xE9; uma neoplasia card&#xED;aca prim&#xE1;ria rara, benigna, ibnicialmente descrita como achado incidental em aut&#xF3;psias ou cirurgias e ocupa o terceiro lugar entre tumores card&#xED;acos mais frequentes. Acomete principalmente as valvas card&#xED;acas, respondendo por 75% de todos os tumores dessa regi&#xE3;o e &#xE9; frequentemente diagnosticado de forma incidental.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
<p>A sua apresenta&#xE7;&#xE3;o cl&#xED;nica pode variar amplamente, abrangendo desde casos assintom&#xE1;ticos at&#xE9; situa&#xE7;&#xF5;es em que ocorre emboliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o sist&#xEA;mica causada por trombos aderidos, bem como da fragmenta&#xE7;&#xE3;o do pr&#xF3;prio tumor. Atualmente, o FP deixou de ser um tumor diagnosticado apenas em aut&#xF3;psias para ser detectado com as novas modalidades de imagens cardiovasculares, permitindo uma abordagem precoce e prevenindo complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>Relatamos um caso cl&#xED;nico de uma paciente com FP localizado no &#xE1;pice do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo, no qual o diagn&#xF3;stico foi sugerido durante a realiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o de um ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico. No presente relato, demonstramos a import&#xE2;ncia da multimodalidade de imagens cardiovasculares na identifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o de tumores card&#xED;acos prim&#xE1;rios como o FP. Al&#xE9;m disso, foi abordada a import&#xE2;ncia dos diagn&#xF3;sticos diferenciais, aspectos proped&#xEA;uticos e abordagem terap&#xEA;utica do FP.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Relato do caso</title>
<p>Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 53 anos, com hist&#xF3;ria pr&#xE9;via de ataque isqu&#xEA;mico transit&#xF3;rio (AIT). O exame cl&#xED;nico foi normal e o eletrocardiograma, em ritmo sinusal. Em avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o pr&#xE9;-operat&#xF3;ria de desenerva&#xE7;&#xE3;o lombar foi solicitado ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico (ETT), que evidenciou uma massa ovalada, um pouco mais ecog&#xEA;nica que o mioc&#xE1;rdio, homog&#xEA;nea, de superf&#xED;cie lisa, m&#xF3;vel, localizada no &#xE1;pice do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo, podendo corresponder a trombo ou tumor (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 1</xref>). O ETT foi complementado com contraste ultrassonogr&#xE1;fico para melhor caracteriza&#xE7;&#xE3;o da massa, sendo afastada a possibilidade de trombo, confirmando tratar-se de tumor apical, pedunculado, com distribui&#xE7;&#xE3;o homog&#xEA;nea do contraste, medindo 0,9 cm x 1,0 cm com ped&#xFA;nculo de 0,6 cm de comprimento e 0,2 cm de espessura (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 2</xref>), sugestivo de FP. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica card&#xED;aca (RMC), que identificou uma massa homog&#xEA;nea pedunculada no &#xE1;pice do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo, medindo 1,0 &#xD7; 0,8 cm, isointensa em T1 e T2, sem satura&#xE7;&#xE3;o de gordura, sem perfus&#xE3;o de primeira passagem, exibindo realce tardio perif&#xE9;rico &#x201C;em halo perif&#xE9;rico&#x201D; (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figura 3</xref>), compat&#xED;vel com FP. A paciente foi submetida &#xE0; cirurgia card&#xED;aca, sendo identificada uma tumora&#xE7;&#xE3;o ovalada, pediculada, em &#xE1;pice de ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figura 4</xref>). Ap&#xF3;s a realiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o da ex&#xE9;rese cir&#xFA;rgica da tumora&#xE7;&#xE3;o, o estudo histopatol&#xF3;gico revelou que se tratava de uma neoplasia composta por feixes avasculares de conte&#xFA;do fibroel&#xE1;stico e revestimento endoc&#xE1;rdico, consistente com o diagn&#xF3;stico de FP.</p>
<fig id="f5">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico (EcoTT) bidimensional e tridimensional: identificada uma estrutura arredondada, um pouco mais ecog&#xEA;nica que o mioc&#xE1;rdio, homog&#xEA;nea, medindo 1,2 &#xD7; 1,2 cm, de superf&#xED;cie lisa, m&#xF3;vel, localizada no &#xE1;pice do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo, aspecto aveludado, podendo corresponder a trombo ou tumor.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230102-gf01-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f6">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Ecocardiograma com contraste, que evidenciou a presen&#xE7;a de um tumor no &#xE1;pice do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo, com caracter&#xED;sticas de benignidade, sugestivo de fibroelastoma papilar.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230102-gf02-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f7">
<label>Figura 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Resson&#xE2;ncia card&#xED;aca apresentando uma massa homog&#xEA;nea pedunculada no &#xE1;pice do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo, medindo 1,0 &#xD7; 0,8 cm, isointensa em T1 e T2, sem satura&#xE7;&#xE3;o de gordura, sem perfus&#xE3;o de primeira passagem, exibindo realce tardio perif&#xE9;rico &#x201C;em halo perif&#xE9;rico&#x201D;</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230102-gf03-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f8">
<label>Figura 4</label>
<caption>
<title>Tumora&#xE7;&#xE3;o ovalada medindo 1,0 &#xD7; 0,8 cm pediculada em &#xE1;pice de ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230102-gf04-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discuss&#xE3;o</title>
<p>O diagn&#xF3;stico e o tratamento das massas card&#xED;acas s&#xE3;o um verdadeiro desafio, embora sejam pouco encontrados na pr&#xE1;tica cl&#xED;nica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A incid&#xEA;ncia de tumores prim&#xE1;rios card&#xED;acos &#xE9; de aproximadamente de 0,017% a 0,20%, sendo que metade &#xE9; mixomas e em torno de 75% s&#xE3;o benignos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O FP pode ser encontrado em diferentes regi&#xF5;es do cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o, representando cerca de 10% de todos os tumores card&#xED;acos. Normalmente, afeta as valvas card&#xED;acas, sendo mais comum nas valvas do lado esquerdo do cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o, especialmente na valva a&#xF3;rtica (29%) e na mitral (25%), em compara&#xE7;&#xE3;o com a valva pulmonar (13%) e a valva tric&#xFA;spide (17%). No entanto, pode surgir em qualquer superf&#xED;cie endoc&#xE1;rdica, inclusive em regi&#xF5;es n&#xE3;o valvares,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> como observado no caso descrito.</p>
<p>A ocorr&#xEA;ncia do FP no &#xE1;pice do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo &#xE9; considerada extremamente rara. De acordo com um estudo conduzido por Sovic et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup>, no per&#xED;odo de 1997 a 2018, apenas 13 casos de FP na regi&#xE3;o apical foram descritos na literatura m&#xE9;dica.</p>
<p>Na maioria dos casos o tumor &#xE9; &#xFA;nico, pedunculado, avascular, possui tamanho m&#xE9;dio de aproximadamente 1 cm de di&#xE2;metro, mas pode variar entre 0,2 e 4,6 cm, sendo anexado ao endoc&#xE1;rdio por uma haste curta e fina. Microscopicamente, essa patologia consiste em um tecido conjuntivo avascular revestido por um endot&#xE9;lio, com aspecto semelhante &#xE0; &#x201C;an&#xEA;mona-do-mar&#x201D;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>No estudo de Saleh et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> foram encontrados 14 pacientes com 18 les&#xF5;es (idade m&#xE9;dia de 60,5 &#xB1; 12,3 anos) assemelhando-se &#xE0; idade da paciente deste relato. Onze pacientes (79%) eram sintom&#xE1;ticos. A maioria das les&#xF5;es era solit&#xE1;ria e tinha di&#xE2;metro &#x2264;1,5 cm, metade envolvia o lado esquerdo do cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o.</p>
<p>Geralmente, o FP &#xE9; assintom&#xE1;tico e, na maioria dos casos, &#xE9; diagnosticado incidentalmente durante exames de imagem ou cirurgias por outras causas. A manifesta&#xE7;&#xE3;o cl&#xED;nica ocorre principalmente devido &#xE0; emboliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o, frequentemente cerebrovascular. No caso relatado, a paciente apresentou um epis&#xF3;dio pr&#xE9;vio de ataque isqu&#xEA;mico transit&#xF3;rio. O FP pode causar embolias perif&#xE9;ricas e obstru&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos &#xF3;stios coronarianos, podendo iniciar como infarto do mioc&#xE1;rdio, principalmente na valva a&#xF3;rtica. O diagn&#xF3;stico diferencial deve ser feito com co&#xE1;gulos, c&#xE1;lcio, vegeta&#xE7;&#xF5;es ou outros corpos estranhos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
<p>Os pacientes sintom&#xE1;ticos ou com tumores pedunculados devem ser submetidos &#xE0; ressec&#xE7;&#xE3;o cir&#xFA;rgica como tratamento de escolha, visando &#xE0; preven&#xE7;&#xE3;o de fen&#xF4;menos emb&#xF3;licos. Nos indiv&#xED;duos assintom&#xE1;ticos, a cirurgia &#xE9; controversa, sendo a mobilidade tumoral o fator determinante da interven&#xE7;&#xE3;o cir&#xFA;rgica. Diante disso, os pacientes assintom&#xE1;ticos e com tumor n&#xE3;o m&#xF3;vel podem ser acompanhados em avalia&#xE7;&#xF5;es cl&#xED;nicas peri&#xF3;dicas. A recorr&#xEA;ncia &#xE9; rara, sendo descrita em apenas alguns casos, destacando-se a relev&#xE2;ncia do acompanhamento com o ETT para identifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
<p>Os avan&#xE7;os nas t&#xE9;cnicas de diagn&#xF3;stico por imagem n&#xE3;o invasivas t&#xEA;m desempenhado um papel fundamental na avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o e identifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o de um n&#xFA;mero crescente de tumores intracard&#xED;acos de forma mais r&#xE1;pida e efetiva, mesmo aqueles que s&#xE3;o mal definidos e de tamanho reduzido. Entre essas t&#xE9;cnicas, o ETT se destaca como m&#xE9;todo n&#xE3;o invasivo de maior acesso e elevada acur&#xE1;cia na detec&#xE7;&#xE3;o de tumores card&#xED;acos, apresentando uma especificidade de 87,8% e uma sensibilidade de 88,9%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O contraste ultrassonogr&#xE1;fico possibilita uma melhor visualiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o das estruturas dentro da cavidade e a avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o da respectiva vasculariza&#xE7;&#xE3;o. A diferen&#xE7;a no fluxo sangu&#xED;neo em massas card&#xED;acas pode ajudar a distinguir entre trombos ou tumores vasculares ou n&#xE3;o vasculares por meio do padr&#xE3;o de distribui&#xE7;&#xE3;o do contraste.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> A RMC avalia caracter&#xED;sticas como morfologia, dimens&#xF5;es, localiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o, extens&#xE3;o, homogeneidade e presen&#xE7;a de infiltra&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos tecidos circundantes. Al&#xE9;m disso, ela tamb&#xE9;m analisa as caracter&#xED;sticas de sinal que podem auxiliar na caracteriza&#xE7;&#xE3;o histopatol&#xF3;gica, como infiltra&#xE7;&#xE3;o gordurosa, necrose, hemorragia, calcifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o e vasculariza&#xE7;&#xE3;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions">
<title>Conclus&#xE3;o</title>
<p>Este relato mostra que o FP no &#xE1;pice do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo &#xE9; raro, como evidenciado pela escassez de relatos na literatura m&#xE9;dica. O diagn&#xF3;stico geralmente &#xE9; feito incidentalmente. Embora seja benigno e assintom&#xE1;tico na maioria das vezes, &#xE9; importante realizar diagn&#xF3;sticos diferenciais para escolher o tratamento adequado e prevenir complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es como eventos emb&#xF3;licos. As t&#xE9;cnicas de diagn&#xF3;stico por imagem cardiovascular n&#xE3;o invasiva t&#xEA;m sido muito &#xFA;teis na avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o diagn&#xF3;stica e desempenham um papel importante na identifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o do FP. Este caso destaca a import&#xE2;ncia de usar diferentes modalidades de imagem para diagnosticar e planejar a cirurgia do FP.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn5"><p><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold></p>
<p>O presente estudo n&#xE3;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn6"><p><bold>Vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o Acad&#xEA;mica</bold></p>
<p>Este artigo &#xE9; parte do trabalho de conclus&#xE3;o de curso de Luma Sayonara Martins Pereira pelo Programa de Resid&#xEA;ncia M&#xE9;dica em Cardiologia do UDI Hospital.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn7"><p><bold>Aprova&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xC9;tica e Consentimento Informado</bold></p>
<p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#xEA; de &#xC9;tica do Hospital e Maternidade S&#xE3;o Domingos sob o n&#xFA;mero de protocolo 6.482.701. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#xE3;o de acordo com a Declara&#xE7;&#xE3;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#xED;dos no estudo.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn8"><p>Editor respons&#xE1;vel pela revis&#xE3;o: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn>
</fn-group>
</back>
</sub-article>
</article>
