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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="other">abcimg.20230092i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230092i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Brief Communication</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Warning and Recommendations from the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Regarding Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients Using GLP-1 Analogs</article-title></title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7046-8707</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Felix</surname><given-names>Alex dos Santos</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref> 
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1777-477X</contrib-id> 
<name><surname>Almeida</surname><given-names>Andre Luiz Cerqueira</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8809-8783</contrib-id> 
<name><surname>de Melo</surname><given-names>Marcelo Dantas Tavares</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0711-7995</contrib-id> 
<name><surname>Barberato</surname><given-names>Silvio Henrique</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">National Institute of Cardiology</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#x2013; Brazil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Diagnosticos da America AS</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Diagnosticos da America AS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#x2013; Brazil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Miseric&#xF3;rdia de Feira de Santana</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Feira de Santana</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Miseric&#xF3;rdia de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA &#x2013; Brazil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Para&#xED;ba</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Jo&#xE3;o Pessoa</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">PB</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Para&#xED;ba, Jo&#xE3;o Pessoa, PB &#x2013; Brazil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Diagnostico Cardiovascular</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">CardioEco</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">CardioEco, Centro de Diagnostico Cardiovascular, Curitiba, PR &#x2013; Brazil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Quanta diagn&#xF3;stico e terapia</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Ecocardiografia</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Janeiro</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Quanta diagn&#xF3;stico e terapia, Ecocardiografia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#x2013; Brazil</institution></aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: Alex dos Santos Felix</bold> &#x2022; National Institute of Cardiology, Echocardiography Department. Rua das Laranjeiras, 374. CEP: <postal-code>20521-290</postal-code>. Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#x2013; Brasil E-mail: <email>alexsfelix@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold></p>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>13</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<elocation-id>e20230092</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>30</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2023</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>31</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2023</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>31</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2023</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Transesophageal Echocardiography</kwd>
<kwd>Diagnosis</kwd>
<kwd>Glucagon-Like Peptide 1</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="0"/>
<table-count count="2"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="5"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p>Transesophageal echocardiography is a fundamental diagnostic method for evaluating complex heart diseases. It provides essential data for therapeutic definition and, in some cases, assists in evaluation of percutaneous or surgical interventions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
<p>Transesophageal echocardiography exams are performed on outpatients or inpatients, who might be in wards, intensive care units, or even in surgery, with heterogeneous scenarios that need to be individually assessed, not only regarding the exam routine, but also always following precise clinical indications, weighing the risks and benefits for the patient.</p>
<p>To obtain better exam results and facilitate tolerance to the discomfort caused by the presence of the transducer in the oropharynx, we use topical anesthesia with lidocaine in the oropharynx and sedation at varying degrees of intensity, taking into account the patient&#x27;s age group, clinical conditions, comorbidities, the presence of support from a professional anesthetist, and the respiratory and hemodynamic monitoring resources available.</p>
<p>The incidence of complications related to the exam is quite low, provided that the presence of absolute and relative contraindications is carefully observed (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> and it must always be performed by a qualified and experienced echocardiography specialist, in order to guarantee maximum safety in the procedure.</p>
<table-wrap id="t1">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption><title>Relative and absolute contraindications to transesophageal echocardiography. Adapted from Hahn et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></title></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup width="50%">
<col/>
<col/>
</colgroup>
<thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
<tr style="background-color:#bf8470;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">Absolute contraindications</th>
<th valign="middle" align="left">Relative contraindications</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Active upper GT bleeding</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; History of radiation therapy in neck and mediastinum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Esophageal stricture</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; History of prior GT surgery</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Esophageal tumor</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Recent upper GT bleeding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Esophageal perforation/laceration</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Barrett&#x27;s esophagus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Esophageal diverticulum</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; History of dysphagia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Intestinal perforation</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Restricted neck mobility (severe cervical arthritis, atlantoaxial joint disease)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Symptomatic hiatal hernia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Esophageal varices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Acute esophagitis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Active peptic ulcer</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="TFN1">
<p>GT: gastrointestinal tract.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<p>We must not neglect the risk of vomiting and bronchoaspiration during the procedure. It is essential for patients to fast appropriately for each clinical situation, respecting the standardized practice of each institution, usually 6 to 8 hours for patients on an oral diet (with residues) in the absence of conditions that cause obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract or gastric stasis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, for example, semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide, used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, are medications that require greater care in preoperative assessment in general and specifically in transesophageal echocardiography procedures. Due to the gastric stasis (gastroparesis) caused by these medications, there is an increased risk of periprocedural bronchoaspiration and vomiting, even after the recommended fasting period. The fact that it is a relatively new topic, which still does not have robust evidence and extensive literature, means that there are somewhat conflicting recommendations in the publications issued by different medical societies.</p>
<p>The American Society of Anesthesiologists recommends the following:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<list list-type="bullet">
<list-item><p>If using GLP-1 analogs with a daily dose, such as liraglutide, continue using them until the day before the procedure.</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>If using GLP-1 analogs with a weekly dose, such as semaglutide, continue using them up to 7 days before the procedure.</p></list-item></list>
<p>The Brazilian Society of Diabetes (SBD), on the other hand, recommends the following:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<list list-type="bullet">
<list-item><p>If using GLP-1 analogs such as lixisenatide, suspend 1 day before the procedure.</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>If using GLP-1 analogs with a daily dose, such as liraglutide, suspend 2 days before the procedure.</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>If using GLP-1 analogs with a weekly dose, such as semaglutide, suspend 21 days before the procedure.</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>If using dulaglutide and tirzepatide, suspend 15 days before the procedure.</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>In the event that the patient has not followed the above recommendations, it is possible to evaluate each case individually, preferably assessing the presence of gastric contents by means of ultrasound.</p></list-item>
</list>
<p>These SBD recommendations have been endorsed by the Brazilian Society of Anesthesia (SBA) under opinion C.SBA 2055/23, issued on July 4, 2023. In the event that the medications were suspended within the recommended timeframe, the fasting period remains as usual.</p>
<p>Both guidelines warn that, if the patient has not followed the above recommendations, the assessment of the presence of gastric contents by means of ultrasound may assist in the decision whether or not to suspend the procedure.</p>
<p>While there is no robust evidence available regarding the duration of fasting and/or the duration of suspension of GLP-1 agonists, the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology recommends following the official SBD recommendations.</p>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
<p>Editor respons&#xE1;vel pela revis&#xE3;o: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn2"><p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold></p>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3"><p><bold>Study Association</bold></p>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4"><p><bold>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</bold></p>
<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230092</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o Breve</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Alerta e Orienta&#xE7;&#xF5;es do DIC Sobre a Realiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o de Ecocardiograma Transesof&#xE1;gico em Pacientes que Utilizam An&#xE1;logos de GLP-1</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7046-8707</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Felix</surname><given-names>Alex dos Santos</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito e revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>2</sup></xref> 
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1777-477X</contrib-id> 
<name><surname>Almeida</surname><given-names>Andre Luiz Cerqueira</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito e revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8809-8783</contrib-id> 
<name><surname>de Melo</surname><given-names>Marcelo Dantas Tavares</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito e revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>4</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0711-7995</contrib-id> 
<name><surname>Barberato</surname><given-names>Silvio Henrique</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito e revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>5</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>6</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#x2013; Brasil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Diagnosticos da America AS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#x2013; Brasil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Feira de Santana</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Miseric&#xF3;rdia de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA &#x2013; Brasil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Jo&#xE3;o Pessoa</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">PB</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Para&#xED;ba, Jo&#xE3;o Pessoa, PB &#x2013; Brasil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">CardioEco, Centro de Diagnostico Cardiovascular, Curitiba, PR &#x2013; Brasil</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Janeiro</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Quanta diagn&#xF3;stico e terapia, Ecocardiografia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#x2013; Brasil</institution></aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: Alex dos Santos Felix</bold> &#x2022; National Institute of Cardiology, Echocardiography Department. Rua das Laranjeiras, 374. CEP: <postal-code>20521-290</postal-code>. Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#x2013; Brasil E-mail: <email>alexsfelix@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold></p>
<p>Declaro n&#xE3;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana</kwd>
<kwd>Diagn&#xF3;stico</kwd>
<kwd>Pept&#xED;deo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<p>A ecocardiografia transesof&#xE1;gica &#xE9; m&#xE9;todo diagn&#xF3;stico fundamental para avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o de patologias card&#xED;acas complexas, com obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados essenciais para defini&#xE7;&#xE3;o terap&#xEA;utica, e em alguns casos, auxilia na avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o de interven&#xE7;&#xF5;es percut&#xE2;neas ou cir&#xFA;rgicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
<p>Os exames de ecocardiografia transesof&#xE1;gica s&#xE3;o realizados em pacientes ambulatoriais ou internados, e estes podem se encontrar em enfermarias, unidades de terapia intensiva, ou mesmo em bloco cir&#xFA;rgico, com cen&#xE1;rios heterog&#xEA;neos e que necessitam ser avaliados individualmente n&#xE3;o apenas quanto &#xE0; rotina de exame, como tamb&#xE9;m seguindo sempre indica&#xE7;&#xE3;o cl&#xED;nica precisa, pesando risco-benef&#xED;cio ao paciente.</p>
<p>Para obter um melhor exame e facilitar a toler&#xE2;ncia ao desconforto da presen&#xE7;a do transdutor na orofaringe, utilizamos anestesia t&#xF3;pica com lidoca&#xED;na em orofaringe e seda&#xE7;&#xE3;o em graus vari&#xE1;veis de intensidade, levando em conta a faixa et&#xE1;ria do paciente, condi&#xE7;&#xF5;es cl&#xED;nicas, comorbidades, a presen&#xE7;a de suporte de profissional anestesista e recursos de monitoriza&#xE7;&#xE3;o respirat&#xF3;ria e hemodin&#xE2;mica dispon&#xED;veis.</p>
<p>A incid&#xEA;ncia de complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es relacionadas ao exame &#xE9; bastante baixa, desde que sejam observadas atentamente a presen&#xE7;a de contraindica&#xE7;&#xF5;es absolutas e relativas (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 1</xref>),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> devendo ser executado sempre por profissional ecocardiografista habilitado e experiente, a fim de se obter m&#xE1;xima seguran&#xE7;a no procedimento.</p>
<table-wrap id="t2">
<label>Tabela 1</label>
<caption><title>Contraindica&#xE7;&#xF5;es relativas e absolutas &#xE0; ecocardiografia transesof&#xE1;gica. Adaptado de Hahn et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></title></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup width="50%">
<col/>
<col/>
</colgroup>
<thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
<tr style="background-color:#bf8470;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">Contraindica&#xE7;&#xF5;es absolutas</th>
<th valign="middle" align="left">Contraindica&#xE7;&#xF5;es relativas</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Sangramento ativo de TG alto</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Hist&#xF3;ria de radioterapia em pesco&#xE7;o e mediastino</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Estenose de es&#xF4;fago</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Hist&#xF3;ria de cirurgia pr&#xE9;via de TG</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Tumor de es&#xF4;fago</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Sangramento recente de TG alto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Perfura&#xE7;&#xE3;o/lacera&#xE7;&#xE3;o de es&#xF4;fago</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Es&#xF4;fago de Barrett</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Divert&#xED;culo esofagiano</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Hist&#xF3;ria de disfagia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Perfura&#xE7;&#xE3;o intestinal</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Restri&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xE0; mobilidade do pesco&#xE7;o (artrite cervical grave, doen&#xE7;a da jun&#xE7;&#xE3;o atlanto-axial)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left"/>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; H&#xE9;rnia de hiato sintom&#xE1;tica</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left"/>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Varizes de es&#xF4;fago</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left"/>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Coagulopatia, trombocitopenia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left"/>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; Esofagite aguda</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left"/>
<td valign="middle" align="left">&#x2022; &#xDA;lcera p&#xE9;ptica ativa</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="TFN2">
<p>TG: trato gastrointestinal.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<p>N&#xE3;o devemos negligenciar o risco de v&#xF4;mitos e broncoaspira&#xE7;&#xE3;o durante o procedimento. &#xC9; indispens&#xE1;vel obter jejum adequado para cada situa&#xE7;&#xE3;o cl&#xED;nica, respeitando padroniza&#xE7;&#xE3;o vigente em cada institui&#xE7;&#xE3;o, sendo usualmente de 6 a 8 horas para pacientes em dieta oral (com res&#xED;duos) na aus&#xEA;ncia de condi&#xE7;&#xF5;es que causem obstru&#xE7;&#xE3;o do trato gastrointestinal ou estase g&#xE1;strica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>Os an&#xE1;logos da glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), como por exemplo a semaglutida, liraglutida e dulaglutida, utilizados para o tratamento do diabetes tipo 2 e obesidade, s&#xE3;o medicamentos que exigem um cuidado maior na avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o pr&#xE9;-operat&#xF3;ria em geral e especificamente nos procedimentos de ecocardiografia transesof&#xE1;gica. Pela estase g&#xE1;strica (gastroparesia) causada por estes medicamentos, h&#xE1; aumento do risco de v&#xF4;mitos e broncoaspira&#xE7;&#xE3;o periprocedimento mesmo ap&#xF3;s jejum recomendado. O fato de ser um tema relativamente novo, que ainda n&#xE3;o conta com evid&#xEA;ncias robustas e vasta literatura, faz com que existam orienta&#xE7;&#xF5;es algo discordantes nas notas de recomenda&#xE7;&#xE3;o emitidas por diferentes sociedades m&#xE9;dicas.</p>
<p>A Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologia recomenda:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<list list-type="bullet">
<list-item><p>Nos casos de an&#xE1;logos de GLP-1 com dose di&#xE1;ria, como a liraglutida, manter o uso at&#xE9; o dia anterior ao procedimento.</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>Nos casos de an&#xE1;logos de GLP-1 com dose semanal, como a semaglutida, manter o uso at&#xE9; 7 dias antes do procedimento.</p></list-item>
</list>
<p>A Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), por outro lado, recomenda:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<list list-type="bullet">
<list-item><p>Nos casos de an&#xE1;logos de GLP-1 como a lixisenatida, suspender 1 dia antes do procedimento.</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>Nos casos de an&#xE1;logos de GLP-1 com dose di&#xE1;ria, como a liraglutida, suspender 2 dias antes do procedimento.</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>Nos casos de an&#xE1;logos de GLP-1 com dose semanal, como a semaglutida, suspender 21 dias antes do procedimento.</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>Em caso de uso de dulaglutida e tirzepatida, suspender 15 dias antes do procedimento.</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>Caso o paciente n&#xE3;o tenha seguido as orienta&#xE7;&#xF5;es acima, &#xE9; poss&#xED;vel avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o individual de cada caso, preferencialmente avaliando a presen&#xE7;a de conte&#xFA;do g&#xE1;strico atrav&#xE9;s do ultrassom.</p></list-item>
</list>
<p>Estas orienta&#xE7;&#xF5;es da SBD foram endossadas pela Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesia (SBA) em parecer C.SBA 2055/23 emitido em 04 de julho de 2023. No caso da suspens&#xE3;o das medica&#xE7;&#xF5;es ter ocorrido no prazo recomendado, o tempo de jejum permanece o usual.</p>
<p>Em ambas as diretrizes h&#xE1; a ressalva, caso o paciente n&#xE3;o tenha seguido as orienta&#xE7;&#xF5;es acima, de que a avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o da presen&#xE7;a de conte&#xFA;do g&#xE1;strico atrav&#xE9;s do ultrassom possa ajudar na decis&#xE3;o de suspender ou n&#xE3;o o procedimento.</p>
<p>Enquanto n&#xE3;o h&#xE1; evid&#xEA;ncias robustas dispon&#xED;veis quanto &#xE0; dura&#xE7;&#xE3;o do jejum e/ou do tempo de suspens&#xE3;o dos agonistas da GLP-1, o Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia recomenda seguir a orienta&#xE7;&#xE3;o oficial da SBD.</p>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
<p>Editor respons&#xE1;vel pela revis&#xE3;o: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn6"><p><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold></p>
<p>O presente estudo n&#xE3;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7"><p><bold>Vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o Acad&#xEA;mica</bold></p>
<p>N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o deste estudo a programas de p&#xF3;s-gradua&#xE7;&#xE3;o.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8"><p><bold>Aprova&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xC9;tica e Consentimento Informado</bold></p>
<p>Este artigo n&#xE3;o cont&#xE9;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
</back>
</sub-article>
</article>
