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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20230080i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230080i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Asymptomatic Pericardial Cyst: A Case Report and Brief Review of its Management</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-7064-642X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Barbosa</surname><given-names>Matheus Rodrigues</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4543-4684</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Moreira</surname><given-names>Henrique Turin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4296-5460</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Volpe</surname><given-names>Gustavo Jardim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6433-4849</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Wada</surname><given-names>Danilo Tadao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2526-0656</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Romano</surname><given-names>Minna Moreira Dias</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Schmidt</surname><given-names>Andre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#xE3;o Paulo</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#xE3;o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto, Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto, SP &#x2013; Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Andre Schmidt</bold> &#x2022; Universidade de S&#xE3;o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto, Centro de Cardiologia. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Postal code: <postal-code>14048-900</postal-code>. Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto, SP &#x2013; Brazil. E-mail: <email>aschmidt@fmrp.usp.br</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold></p>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>21</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<elocation-id>e20230080</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>04</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>03</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>03</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Pericardium</kwd>
<kwd>Mediastinal Cyst</kwd>
<kwd>Case Reports</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="6"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="8"/></counts></article-meta></front>
<body>
<p>A 59-year-old female patient, with high blood pressure, <italic>diabetes mellitus</italic>, and dyslipidemia, was referred to a tertiary care service for investigation of an irritating, non-productive cough that had onset two months prior. She denied symptoms of reflux or postprandial stuffiness, as well as nasal congestion or signs of allergic rhinitis. She denied smoking, alcohol consumption, and contact with individuals with tuberculosis and did not report previous pneumonic events.</p>
<p>She was taking losartan (50mg 12/12h), atenolol (25mg 12/12h), metformin (850mg 2x/day), and simvastatin (20mg at night), in addition to 100mg of acetylsalicylic acid at lunch daily.</p>
<p>She was initially medicated with dexchlorpheniramine maleate 2 mg per day and additional biochemical tests and a simple chest x-ray were requested. Upon return, she reported complete improvement in respiratory symptoms, biochemical tests were within normal limits, but the x-ray revealed a mass in the right anterior region of the chest (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1A</xref>), which began to be investigated.</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><title>Postero-anterior and lateral chest radiographs, showing the pericardial cyst (arrows) in 2013 (lower image) and in 2022 (upper image).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230080-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Given the suspicion of a cyst or neoplasia, a chest computed tomography was requested, which revealed a cystic lesion with regular contours located in the right cardiodiaphragmatic sinus, in contact with the pericardial surface on the right (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3A</xref>).</p>
<p>Upon consultation with cardiology, the patient was asymptomatic and had no abnormalities on clinical examination, and it was found that the comorbidities were under adequate laboratory control. An electrocardiogram and a transthoracic echocardiogram were then requested, with only the latter being performed, which revealed cavities with preserved dimensions and systolic function, but with a hypoechogenic image in the right atrioventricular sulcus of imprecise dimensions, apparently without causing cardiac compression (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">FIGURE 2</xref>). A review of old medical records indicated that a chest x-ray taken 10 years earlier showed a mass with the same topography and smaller dimensions (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1B</xref>). A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the heart was then requested, which revealed the presence of a pericardial cyst, located in the anterior mediastinum, measuring 8.8 &#xD7; 3.6 &#xD7; 7.4 cm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3B</xref>). No significant changes were observed in the cardiac chambers and in the functions of the left and right ventricles. The patient remains under semi-annual clinical follow-up, without symptoms, for a period of one year, under expectant management.</p>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><title>Short-axis (left image) and four-chamber (right image) Dopplerechocardiogram images showing the pericardial cyst (CP) as a luminescent area posterior to the right ventricle (VD). VE=Left ventricle.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230080-gf02.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><title>Chest computed tomography (left image) and cardiac magnetic resonance (right image) in four-chamber position, showing the well-defined and homogeneous pericardial cyst (CP).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230080-gf03.tif"/>
</fig>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussion</title>
<p>Pericardial cyst is an uncommon clinical entity, with an estimated incidence of 1/100,000 to 1/10,000 autopsies. Its etiology is not yet completely understood, but it is believed to be due to an abnormal development of the pericardium during embryogenesis. It is necessary to differentiate the cyst from the pericardial diverticulum, which possibly have the same origin but, in the latter, there is communication with the pericardial cavity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Most cases are asymptomatic, even with large dimensions, and the lesion is often discovered incidentally during imaging exams or heart surgery. When symptomatic, the clinical presentation is variable and may include cardiorespiratory symptoms, such as chest pain, dyspnea,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> cough,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> sudden cardiac death or signs of cardiac tamponade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>The diagnosis of pericardial cyst is initially suspected by the incidental performance of a chest x-ray, which shows the mass attached to the cardiac silhouette. Doppler echocardiography, computed tomography and cardiac MRI allow the diagnosis to be confirmed, notably the last two.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Chest x-ray may reveal a mediastinal mass or an area of increased density. Computed tomography (CT) scans and cardiac MRIs provide more detailed information about the location, size, and characteristics of the cyst. Transthoracic echocardiography can be useful in evaluating cardiac function and the presence of cyst-related complications, such as cardiac compression. Differential diagnosis should include neoplasms and, more rarely, migratory hydatid cysts, which may be single.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>The approach to managing a pericardial cyst depends on presence or absence of symptoms, size of the cyst, impairment of cardiac function, and presence of complications, notably rupture and hemorrhage. In asymptomatic patients, an expectant approach with regular follow-up every one or two years is a safe and effective option, avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures. Recent data suggest that, in most cases, size may be maintained or even reduced, contrary to what was evidenced in this case.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
<p>Surgical intervention is reserved for symptomatic patients or when there are significant complications such as cardiac compression or tamponade. Although open surgery is the most commonly used approach, punctures for drainage and relief and alcohol-based sclerosis thoracoscopy have been used.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions">
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Pericardial cyst is a rare condition that can be asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Expectant management is a valid option in asymptomatic cases, with regular monitoring to detect the development of symptoms or complications. Surgical intervention must be based on an individualized assessment, considering the presence of symptoms, the size and location of the cyst, cardiac function, and the risk of complications. It is paramount to increase awareness of this clinical condition to ensure proper diagnosis and management of patients. Additional studies are needed to improve our understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches of pericardial cyst.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1"><p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold></p>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2"><p><bold>Study Association</bold></p>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3"><p><bold>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</bold></p>
<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4"><p>Editor responsible for the review: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn>
</fn-group>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230080</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Relato de Caso</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Cisto Peric&#xE1;rdico Assintom&#xE1;tico: Um Relato de Caso e Revis&#xE3;o Breve do seu manuseio</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-7064-642X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Barbosa</surname><given-names>Matheus Rodrigues</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4543-4684</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Moreira</surname><given-names>Henrique Turin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao  conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4296-5460</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Volpe</surname><given-names>Gustavo Jardim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao  conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6433-4849</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Wada</surname><given-names>Danilo Tadao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role>
<role>an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role>
<role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao  conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2526-0656</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Romano</surname><given-names>Minna Moreira Dias</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao  conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Schmidt</surname><given-names>Andre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
<role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao  conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#xE3;o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto, Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto, SP &#x2013; Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: Andre Schmidt</bold> &#x2022; Universidade de S&#xE3;o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto, Centro de Cardiologia. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 CEP: <postal-code>14048-900</postal-code>. Ribeir&#xE3;o Preto, SP &#x2013; Brasil. E-mail: <email>aschmidt@fmrp.usp.br</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold></p>
<p>Declaro n&#xE3;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Peric&#xE1;rdio</kwd>
<kwd>Cisto Peric&#xE1;rdico</kwd>
<kwd>Relatos de Casos</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<p>Paciente do sexo feminino, 59 anos, portadora de hipertens&#xE3;o arterial sist&#xEA;mica, <italic>diabetes mellitus</italic> e dislipidemia, foi encaminhada a um servi&#xE7;o terci&#xE1;rio para investiga&#xE7;&#xE3;o de tosse irritativa, n&#xE3;o produtiva, surgida dois meses antes. Negou sintomas de refluxo ou empachamento p&#xF3;s-prandial, bem como congest&#xE3;o nasal ou sinais de rinite al&#xE9;rgica. Negou tabagismo, etilismo e contato com indiv&#xED;duos com tuberculose e n&#xE3;o relatou eventos pneum&#xF4;nicos pr&#xE9;vios.</p>
<p>Fazia uso de losartana (50mg 12/12h), atenolol (25mg 12/12h), metformina (850mg 2x/dia) e sinvastatina (20mg &#xE0; noite), al&#xE9;m de 100mg de &#xE1;cido acetilsalic&#xED;lico diariamente no almo&#xE7;o.</p>
<p>Foi inicialmente medicada com maleato de dexclorfeniramina 2mg ao dia e foram solicitados exames complementares bioqu&#xED;micos e radiografia simples de t&#xF3;rax. No retorno referiu melhora total dos sintomas respirat&#xF3;rios, exames bioqu&#xED;micos apresentaram-se dentro dos limites de normalidade, mas a radiografia evidenciou uma massa na regi&#xE3;o anterior direita do t&#xF3;rax (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1A</xref>), que passou a ser investigada.</p>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption><title>Radiografias de t&#xF3;rax em p&#xF3;stero-anterior e perfil, evidenciando o cisto peric&#xE1;rdico (setas) em 2013 (painel inferior) e em 2022 (painel superior).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230080-gf01-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Diante da suspeita de cisto ou neoplasia, solicitou-se uma tomografia computadorizada de t&#xF3;rax, que revelou uma les&#xE3;o c&#xED;stica de contornos regulares localizada no seio cardiodiafragm&#xE1;tico direito, em contato com a superf&#xED;cie peric&#xE1;rdica &#xE0; direita (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3A</xref>).</p>
<p>Em consulta com a cardiologia, a paciente apresentava-se assintom&#xE1;tica e com exame cl&#xED;nico sem anormalidades, e verificou-se que as comorbidades apresentavam controle laboratorial adequado. Foram ent&#xE3;o solicitados um eletrocardiograma e um ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico, sendo realizado apenas este &#xFA;ltimo, que evidenciou cavidades com dimens&#xF5;es e fun&#xE7;&#xE3;o sist&#xF3;lica preservadas, mas com imagem hipoecog&#xEA;nica no sulco atrioventricular direito de dimens&#xF5;es pouco precisas, aparentemente sem causar compress&#xE3;o card&#xED;aca (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref>). A revis&#xE3;o de prontu&#xE1;rio antigo indicou que uma radiografia tor&#xE1;cica feita 10 anos antes mostrava uma massa na mesma topografia e de dimens&#xF5;es menores (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1B</xref>). Solicitou-se ent&#xE3;o o exame de resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica do cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o, que revelou a presen&#xE7;a de cisto peric&#xE1;rdico, localizado no mediastino anterior, medindo 8,8 &#xD7; 3,6 &#xD7; 7,4 cm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3B</xref>). N&#xE3;o foram observadas altera&#xE7;&#xF5;es significativas nas c&#xE2;maras card&#xED;acas e nas fun&#xE7;&#xF5;es dos ventr&#xED;culos esquerdo e direito. A paciente permanece em acompanhamento cl&#xED;nico semestral, sem sintomas, pelo per&#xED;odo de um ano, em conduta expectante.</p>
<fig id="f5">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption><title>Imagens do Dopplerecocardiograma em eixo curto (painel esquerdo) e quatro c&#xE2;maras (painel direito) mostrando o cisto peric&#xE1;rdico (CP) como &#xE1;rea luminescente posterior ao ventr&#xED;culo direito (VD). VE=Ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230080-gf02-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f6">
<label>Figura 3</label>
<caption><title>Tomografia computadorizada de t&#xF3;rax (painel esquerdo) e resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica card&#xED;aca (painel direito) em posi&#xE7;&#xE3;o de quarto c&#xE2;maras, mostrando o cisto peric&#xE1;rdico (CP) bem delimitado e homog&#xEA;neo.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-04-e20230080-gf03-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discuss&#xE3;o</title>
<p>O cisto peric&#xE1;rdico &#xE9; uma entidade cl&#xED;nica incomum, com uma incid&#xEA;ncia estimada de 1/100.000 a 1/10.000 aut&#xF3;psias. Sua etiologia ainda n&#xE3;o est&#xE1; completamente esclarecida, mas acredita-se que seja devido a um desenvolvimento anormal do peric&#xE1;rdio durante a embriog&#xEA;nese. Cabe diferenciar o cisto do divert&#xED;culo peric&#xE1;rdico, que possivelmente apresentam a mesma origem mas, neste &#xFA;ltimo, h&#xE1; comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o com a cavidade peric&#xE1;rdica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A maioria dos casos &#xE9; assintom&#xE1;tica, mesmo com grandes dimens&#xF5;es, sendo a les&#xE3;o frequentemente descoberta incidentalmente durante exames de imagem ou cirurgias card&#xED;acas. Quando sintom&#xE1;tico, a apresenta&#xE7;&#xE3;o cl&#xED;nica &#xE9; vari&#xE1;vel e pode incluir sintomas cardiorrespirat&#xF3;rios, como dor tor&#xE1;cica, dispneia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> tosse,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> morte s&#xFA;bita card&#xED;aca ou sinais de tamponamento card&#xED;aco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>O diagn&#xF3;stico de cisto peric&#xE1;rdico &#xE9; inicialmente suspeitado pela realiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o incidental de uma radiografia de t&#xF3;rax, que evidencia a massa acolada &#xE0; silhueta card&#xED;aca. A dopplerecocardiografia, a tomografia computadorizada e a resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica card&#xED;aca permitem confirmar o diagn&#xF3;stico, notadamente as duas &#xFA;ltimas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A radiografia de t&#xF3;rax pode revelar uma massa mediastinal ou uma &#xE1;rea de densidade aumentada. A tomografia computadorizada e a resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica card&#xED;aca oferecem informa&#xE7;&#xF5;es mais detalhadas sobre a localiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o, o tamanho e as caracter&#xED;sticas do cisto. A ecocardiografia transtor&#xE1;cica pode ser &#xFA;til na avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o da fun&#xE7;&#xE3;o card&#xED;aca e da presen&#xE7;a de complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es relacionadas ao cisto, como compress&#xE3;o card&#xED;aca. O diagn&#xF3;stico diferencial deve incluir neoplasias e, mais raramente, cistos hid&#xE1;ticos migrat&#xF3;rios, que podem ser &#xFA;nicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>A conduta no manejo do cisto peric&#xE1;rdico depende da presen&#xE7;a ou aus&#xEA;ncia de sintomas, do tamanho do cisto, do comprometimento da fun&#xE7;&#xE3;o card&#xED;aca e da presen&#xE7;a de complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es, notadamente ruptura e hemorragia. Em pacientes assintom&#xE1;ticos, a abordagem expectante com acompanhamento regular a cada um ou dois anos &#xE9; uma op&#xE7;&#xE3;o segura e eficaz, evitando procedimentos invasivos desnecess&#xE1;rios. Dados recentes sugerem que, na maioria dos casos, pode haver manuten&#xE7;&#xE3;o ou at&#xE9; diminui&#xE7;&#xE3;o do tamanho, ao contr&#xE1;rio do que foi evidenciado neste caso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
<p>A interven&#xE7;&#xE3;o cir&#xFA;rgica &#xE9; reservada para pacientes sintom&#xE1;ticos ou quando h&#xE1; complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es significativas, como compress&#xE3;o card&#xED;aca ou tamponamento. Ainda que a cirurgia aberta seja a conduta mais utilizada, pun&#xE7;&#xF5;es para drenagem e al&#xED;vio e abordagens por toracoscopia com esclerose a base de &#xE1;lcool t&#xEA;m sido utilizadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions">
<title>Conclus&#xE3;o</title>
<p>O cisto peric&#xE1;rdico &#xE9; uma condi&#xE7;&#xE3;o rara que pode ser assintom&#xE1;tica e diagnosticada incidentalmente. A conduta expectante &#xE9; uma op&#xE7;&#xE3;o v&#xE1;lida em casos assintom&#xE1;ticos, com acompanhamento regular para detectar o desenvolvimento de sintomas ou complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es. A decis&#xE3;o de intervir cirurgicamente deve ser baseada em uma avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o individualizada, considerando a presen&#xE7;a de sintomas, o tamanho e a localiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o do cisto, a fun&#xE7;&#xE3;o card&#xED;aca e o risco de complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es. &#xC9; importante aumentar a conscientiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o sobre essa condi&#xE7;&#xE3;o cl&#xED;nica, para garantir um diagn&#xF3;stico adequado e o manejo apropriado dos pacientes. Estudos adicionais s&#xE3;o necess&#xE1;rios para melhorar nossa compreens&#xE3;o da etiologia, fisiopatologia e abordagens de tratamento do cisto peric&#xE1;rdico.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn5"><p><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold></p>
<p>O presente estudo n&#xE3;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6"><p><bold>Vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o Acad&#xEA;mica</bold></p>
<p>N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o deste estudo a programas de p&#xF3;s-gradua&#xE7;&#xE3;o.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7"><p><bold>Aprova&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xC9;tica e Consentimento Informado</bold></p>
<p>Este artigo n&#xE3;o cont&#xE9;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8"><p>Editor respons&#xE1;vel pela revis&#xE3;o: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn>
</fn-group>
</back>
</sub-article>
</article>
