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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20230059i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230059i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Cardiac Lipoma as an Incidental Finding in Cardiovascular Imaging Exam</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0674-5997</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Taniguchi</surname><given-names>F&#xE1;bio P.</given-names></name> <role>Conception and design of the research</role> <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role> <role>statistical analysis</role> <role>writing of the manuscript</role> <role>acquisition of data and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-3066-0805</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Silas</surname><given-names>Marcelo G.</given-names></name> <role>acquisition of data and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7694-5030</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Oliveira</surname><given-names>Patr&#xED;cia M.</given-names></name> <role>acquisition of data and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o, S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP &#x2013; Brazil</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: F&#xE1;bio Papa Taniguchi</bold> &#x2022; Hospital do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o (HCor). R. Des. Eliseu Guilherme, 147. Postal code: <postal-code>04004-030</postal-code>. Para&#xED;so, S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP &#x2013; Brazil E-mail: <email>ftaniguchi@hcor.com.br</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold></p>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn></author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>02</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<elocation-id>e20230059</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>23</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>10</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>22</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p></license></permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures</kwd>
<kwd>Neoplasms</kwd>
<kwd>Lipoma</kwd></kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="10"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="8"/></counts></article-meta></front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>The advent of cardiac imaging has ushered in an era where incidental findings can be detected using less invasive methods, even in asymptomatic patients. The clinical presentation of cardiac masses, characterized by their varying growth rates and diverse locations within the heart, poses a formidable challenge to cardiologists. Therefore, paramount importance lies in reducing the clinical burden and costs, considering the potential of cardiac imaging to optimize the clinical pathway.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The most common cardiac masses in the right atrium include thrombi, vegetations, and neoplasia. Approximately 75% of primary tumors are benign, with myxomas comprising 50% of benign cases. Other benign tumors that usually may arise in the right atrium are rhabdomyomas, fibromas, fibroelastomas, and lipomas. Cardiac lipomas are rare, accounting for 2.9% to 8% of all benign cardiac tumors. They rank third in frequency after myxomas and papillary fibroelastomas. The literature suggests that 25% of cardiac lipomas are intramyocardial; 25% are extracavitary of epicardial origin, and 50% are intracavitary of subendocardial origin.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Lipomas are well-encapsulated and homogeneous masses composed of mature fat. Although the etiology of cardiac lipomas is unknown, they can originate from any of the three cardiac tissues: subendocardial (the most common), pericardial, or myocardial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>The aim of this report is to present a case of an asymptomatic right atrial lipoma and to discuss the etiology, natural history, and optimal management strategies for right atrial lipomas.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Case presentation</title>
<p>A 66-year-old asymptomatic woman was diagnosed with cardiac tumor. Physical examination and laboratory test results were unremarkable. An electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm. Chest X-ray was also unremarkable. Echocardiography demonstrated an echogenic image, which was homogeneous, measuring approximately 26 &#xD7; 17 mm, sessile, with well-defined borders, located in the posterior wall of the right atrium (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). Magnetic resonance imaging described a homogeneous nodular image in the posterior wall of the right atrium, which was movable, with well-defined borders, measuring 2.4 &#xD7; 2.2 &#xD7; 1.9 cm. It showed low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, high signal intensity on T1-weighted images with fat saturation, absence of first-pass gadolinium perfusion, and absence of delayed enhancement (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). The patient was referred to cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. After right atriotomy, a smooth, yellowish fatty mass protruding into the right atrium was noted. The 3 &#xD7; 3 &#xD7; 2.5-cm mass had a broad attachment to the right atrium. The tumor was resected (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>); free margins of the atrium were cautiously taken (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Video 1</xref>). The patient had an unremarkable recovery and was discharged from the hospital at day 4.</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Echocardiography: echogenic, homogeneous image, measuring approximately 26 x 17 mm, sessile, and with well-defined borders, located in the posterior wall of the right atrium</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-03-e20230059-gf01.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Magnetic resonance image showing low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, high signal intensity on T1-weighted images with fat saturation, absence of first-pass gadolinium perfusion, and absence of delayed enhancement.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-03-e20230059-gf02.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figure 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Gross macrospcopy of the tumor. Left: upper view of the tumor revealing smooth, yellowish fatty mass; right: bottom view, resected pediculous attachment to the atrium wall.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-03-e20230059-gf03.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f5">
<label>Video 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abcimaging.org/supplementary-material/2023/3603/2023-0059_CC_video_1.mp4">http://abcimaging.org/supplementary-material/2023/3603/2023-0059_CC_video_1.mp4</ext-link></title></caption>
<media id="m5" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-03-e20230059-m01.mp4">
</media></fig>
<p>Pathological examination revealed proliferation of mature adipose cells forming monotonous sheets traversed by thin collagen septa in continuity with a thin capsule. Additionally, there were randomly arranged vessels of various sizes. At the periphery, there was representation of adhered endomyocardial tissue with mild interstitial edema, and the muscle fibers were focally separated by adipocytes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figure 4</label>
<caption>
<title>Tumor cells demonstraded by mature adipose cells.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-03-e20230059-gf04.tif"/></fig>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussion</title>
<p>Cardiac lipomas are slow-growing tumors that may remain asymptomatic for years. However, they may present a wide range of clinical symptoms and signs, including arrhythmia, peripheral embolization, obstructive symptoms, and even sudden cardiac death. The manifestation of symptoms is often influenced by the size, location, and infiltration of the tumor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> There are no differences in the incidence of cardiac lipomas between age groups or sexes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>These tumors can occur anywhere within the heart, with approximately 53.1% located in the cardiac chambers, 32.5% in the pericardium, 10.7% within the myocardium, and 3.7% involving multiple structures. Specifically, around 40% of cardiac lipomas are found in the right atrium.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>In a setting of 26 cases of right atrial lipomas, with 13 cases in females, 12 cases in males, and 1 case in a transgender individual, the median age of the patients was 55.5 years, ranging from 17 to 74 years. Symptoms related to right atrial lipomas were present in 21 out of 26 patients (80%). The symptoms varied significantly, with dyspnea being the most common (35%), followed by chest pain (15%) and palpitations (12%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>Lipomas are characterized as soft masses of fat tissue often surrounded by a thin layer of fibrous tissue. While most cardiac lipomas are composed of mature white adipose tissue, there have been reported cases of cardiac lipomas consisting of fetal brown fat. The etiology of these mesenchymal tumors remains unknown. Genetic variations, mainly involving the HMGA2 gene, are commonly observed in extracardiac lipomas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Multiple cardiac lipomas have been reported in patients with tuberous sclerosis, although their relationship has yet to be fully established. There is currently no evidence suggesting that cardiac lipomas can undergo malignant transformation. However, it is possible for mature lipomas and well-differentiated liposarcomas to coexist within the same heart.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Cardiac liposarcoma is another rare entity with an unfavorable prognosis that is predominantly localized in the right atrium.</p>
<p>Accurate diagnosis and comprehensive evaluation of cardiac lipomas are heavily reliant on the utilization of multimodality imaging methods. Among these, transthoracic echocardiography emerges as a cost-effective and easily accessible approach that avoids exposure to radiation or ionizing contrast agents. Meanwhile, transesophageal echocardiography assumes significance in the assessment of atrial lesions or mobile valvular lesions, offering superior visualization of mass morphology and its anatomical relationships. Complementary to these techniques, cardiac computed tomography plays a vital role in providing a detailed assessment of calcified lesions and extracardiac anatomy, in addition to the opportunity to highlight irregular mass margins and invasions. Lastly, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates exceptional prowess in accurately distinguishing between thrombus and tumor entities, thereby bolstering the diagnostic accuracy in this intricate domain.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>The management of asymptomatic patients with cardiac lipomas is a subject of debate. Radical resection of the lipoma is the optimal method of treatment in symptomatic patients. Conservative management may be implemented for asymptomatic cardiac lipomas, and prophylactic resection should also be considered.</p>
</sec></body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
<p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold></p>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
<p><bold>Study Association</bold></p>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
<p><bold>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</bold></p>
<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
<p>Editor responsible for the review: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn></fn-group>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Relato de Caso</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Lipoma Card&#xED;aco como um Achado Incidental em Exame de Imagem Cardiovascular</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0674-5997</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Taniguchi</surname><given-names>F&#xE1;bio P.</given-names></name> <role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role> <role>an&#xE1;lise estat&#xED;stica</role> <role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito e an&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados</role> <role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados e revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-3066-0805</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Silas</surname><given-names>Marcelo G.</given-names></name> <role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados e revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7694-5030</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Oliveira</surname><given-names>Patr&#xED;cia M.</given-names></name> <role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados e revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o, S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP &#x2013; Brasil</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: F&#xE1;bio Papa Taniguchi</bold> &#x2022; Hospital do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o (HCor). R. Des. Eliseu Guilherme, 147. CEP: <postal-code>04004-030</postal-code>. Para&#xED;so, S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP &#x2013; Brasil E-mail: <email>ftaniguchi@hcor.com.br</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold></p>
<p>Declaro n&#xE3;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p></fn></author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Procedimentos Cir&#xFA;rgicos Cardiovasculares</kwd>
<kwd>Neoplasias</kwd>
<kwd>Lipoma</kwd></kwd-group></front-stub>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introdu&#xE7;&#xE3;o</title>
<p>O advento da imagem card&#xED;aca inaugurou uma era em que achados incidentais podem ser detectados utilizando m&#xE9;todos menos invasivos, mesmo em pacientes assintom&#xE1;ticos. A apresenta&#xE7;&#xE3;o cl&#xED;nica das massas card&#xED;acas, caracterizadas pelas suas diferentes taxas de crescimento e diversas localiza&#xE7;&#xF5;es dentro do cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o, representa um desafio formid&#xE1;vel para os cardiologistas. Portanto, &#xE9; de suma import&#xE2;ncia a redu&#xE7;&#xE3;o da carga cl&#xED;nica e dos custos, considerando o potencial da imagem card&#xED;aca para otimizar o percurso cl&#xED;nico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> As massas card&#xED;acas mais comuns no &#xE1;trio direito incluem trombos, vegeta&#xE7;&#xF5;es e neoplasias. Aproximadamente 75% dos tumores prim&#xE1;rios s&#xE3;o benignos, com mixomas compreendendo 50% dos casos benignos. Outros tumores benignos que geralmente podem surgir no &#xE1;trio direito s&#xE3;o rabdomiomas, fibromas, fibroelastomas e lipomas. Os lipomas card&#xED;acos s&#xE3;o raros, representando 2,9% a 8% de todos os tumores card&#xED;acos benignos. Eles ocupam o terceiro lugar em frequ&#xEA;ncia, depois dos mixomas e dos fibroelastomas papilares. A literatura sugere que 25% dos lipomas card&#xED;acos s&#xE3;o intramioc&#xE1;rdicos, 25% s&#xE3;o extracavit&#xE1;rios de origem epic&#xE1;rdica e 50% s&#xE3;o intracavit&#xE1;rios de origem subendoc&#xE1;rdica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Lipomas s&#xE3;o massas bem encapsuladas e homog&#xEA;neas compostas por gordura madura. Embora a etiologia dos lipomas card&#xED;acos seja desconhecida, eles podem originar-se de qualquer um dos tr&#xEA;s tecidos card&#xED;acos: subendoc&#xE1;rdico (o mais comum), peric&#xE1;rdico ou mioc&#xE1;rdico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>O objetivo deste relato &#xE9; apresentar um caso de lipoma atrial direito assintom&#xE1;tico e discutir a etiologia, hist&#xF3;ria natural e estrat&#xE9;gias de manejo ideais para lipomas atriais direitos.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Apresenta&#xE7;&#xE3;o do caso</title>
<p>Uma paciente feminina assintom&#xE1;tica de 66 anos foi diagnosticada com tumor card&#xED;aco. O exame f&#xED;sico e os resultados dos exames laboratoriais n&#xE3;o apresentaram altera&#xE7;&#xF5;es. O eletrocardiograma mostrou ritmo sinusal. A radiografia de t&#xF3;rax tamb&#xE9;m n&#xE3;o evidenciou altera&#xE7;&#xF5;es. A ecocardiografia demonstrou uma imagem ecog&#xEA;nica e homog&#xEA;nea, medindo aproximadamente 26 &#xD7; 17 mm, s&#xE9;ssil e com limites bem definidos, localizada na parede posterior do &#xE1;trio direito (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 1</xref>). A resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica descreveu uma imagem nodular homog&#xEA;nea na parede posterior do &#xE1;trio direito, m&#xF3;vel e com limites bem definidos, medindo 2,4 &#xD7; 2,2 &#xD7; 1,9 cm. Apresentou baixo sinal nas imagens ponderadas em T2, alto sinal nas imagens ponderadas em T1 com satura&#xE7;&#xE3;o de gordura, aus&#xEA;ncia de perfus&#xE3;o de gadol&#xED;nio na primeira passagem e aus&#xEA;ncia de realce tardio (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figura 2</xref>). A paciente foi encaminhada para cirurgia card&#xED;aca com circula&#xE7;&#xE3;o extracorp&#xF3;rea. Ap&#xF3;s atriotomia direita, notou-se uma massa gordurosa lisa e amarelada projetando-se para o &#xE1;trio direito. A massa de 3 &#xD7; 3 &#xD7; 2,5 cm apresentava ampla inser&#xE7;&#xE3;o no &#xE1;trio direito. O tumor foi ressecado (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figura 3</xref>) e as margens livres do &#xE1;trio foram tiradas com cautela (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">V&#xED;deo 1</xref>). A paciente teve uma recupera&#xE7;&#xE3;o normal e recebeu alta hospitalar no dia 4.</p>
<fig id="f6">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Ecocardiografia: imagem ecog&#xEA;nica, homog&#xEA;nea, medindo aproximadamente 26 x 17 mm, s&#xE9;ssil e com limites bem definidos, localizado na parede posterior do &#xE1;trio direito.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-03-e20230059-gf01-pt.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f7">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Imagem de resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica mostrando baixa intensidade de sinal nas imagens ponderadas em T2, sinal alta intensidade nas imagens ponderadas em T1 com satura&#xE7;&#xE3;o de gordura, aus&#xEA;ncia de perfus&#xE3;o de gadol&#xED;nio na primeira passagem e aus&#xEA;ncia de realce tardio.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-03-e20230059-gf02-pt.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f8">
<label>Figura 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Macroscopia do tumor. Esquerda: vista superior do tumor revelando aspecto liso, massa gordurosa amarelada; direita: vista inferior com ped&#xED;culo ressecado da parede do &#xE1;trio.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-03-e20230059-gf03-pt.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f10">
<label>V&#xED;deo 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abcimaging.org/supplementary-material/2023/3603/2023-0059_CC_video_1.mp4">http://abcimaging.org/supplementary-material/2023/3603/2023-0059_CC_video_1.mp4</ext-link></title></caption>
<media id="m10" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-03-e20230059-m01.mp4">
</media>
</fig>
<p>O exame patol&#xF3;gico revelou prolifera&#xE7;&#xE3;o de c&#xE9;lulas adiposas maduras formando l&#xE2;minas mon&#xF3;tonas atravessadas por finos septos de col&#xE1;geno em continuidade com uma c&#xE1;psula delgada. Al&#xE9;m disso, havia vasos de v&#xE1;rios tamanhos dispostos aleatoriamente. Na periferia havia representa&#xE7;&#xE3;o de tecido endomioc&#xE1;rdico aderido com leve edema intersticial e as fibras musculares estavam focalmente separadas por adip&#xF3;citos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f9">Figura 4</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f9">
<label>Figura 4</label>
<caption>
<title>C&#xE9;lulas tumorais evidenciando c&#xE9;lulas adiposas maduras.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-03-e20230059-gf04-pt.tif"/></fig>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discuss&#xE3;o</title>
<p>Os lipomas card&#xED;acos s&#xE3;o tumores de crescimento lento que podem permanecer assintom&#xE1;ticos durante anos. No entanto, podem apresentar uma ampla gama de sintomas e sinais cl&#xED;nicos, incluindo arritmia, emboliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o perif&#xE9;rica, sintomas obstrutivos e at&#xE9; morte card&#xED;aca s&#xFA;bita. A manifesta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos sintomas &#xE9; frequentemente influenciada pelo tamanho, localiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o e infiltra&#xE7;&#xE3;o do tumor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; diferen&#xE7;as na incid&#xEA;ncia de lipomas card&#xED;acos entre faixas et&#xE1;rias ou sexos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>Esses tumores podem ocorrer em qualquer parte do cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o, sendo aproximadamente 53,1% localizados nas c&#xE2;maras card&#xED;acas, 32,5% no peric&#xE1;rdio, 10,7% no mioc&#xE1;rdio e 3,7% envolvendo m&#xFA;ltiplas estruturas. Especificamente, cerca de 40% dos lipomas card&#xED;acos s&#xE3;o encontrados no &#xE1;trio direito.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>No contexto de 26 casos de lipomas atriais direitos, sendo 13 casos em mulheres, 12 casos em homens e 1 caso em um indiv&#xED;duo transg&#xEA;nero, a idade mediana dos pacientes foi de 55,5 anos, variando de 17 a 74 anos. Os sintomas relacionados aos lipomas atriais direitos estiveram presentes em 21 dos 26 pacientes (80%). Os sintomas variaram significativamente, sendo a dispneia a mais comum (35%), seguida de dor tor&#xE1;cica (15%) e palpita&#xE7;&#xF5;es (12%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>Os lipomas s&#xE3;o caracterizados como massas moles de tecido adiposo, frequentemente rodeadas por uma fina camada de tecido fibroso. Embora a maioria dos lipomas card&#xED;acos sejam compostos de tecido adiposo branco maduro, foram relatados casos de lipomas card&#xED;acos constitu&#xED;dos por gordura marrom fetal. A etiologia destes tumores mesenquimais permanece desconhecida. Varia&#xE7;&#xF5;es gen&#xE9;ticas, principalmente envolvendo o gene HMGA2, s&#xE3;o comumente observadas em lipomas extracard&#xED;acos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Foram relatados m&#xFA;ltiplos lipomas card&#xED;acos em pacientes com esclerose tuberosa, embora sua rela&#xE7;&#xE3;o ainda n&#xE3;o tenha sido totalmente estabelecida. Atualmente n&#xE3;o h&#xE1; evid&#xEA;ncias sugerindo que os lipomas card&#xED;acos possam sofrer transforma&#xE7;&#xE3;o maligna. Por&#xE9;m, &#xE9; poss&#xED;vel que lipomas maduros e lipossarcomas bem diferenciados coexistam no mesmo cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> O lipossarcoma card&#xED;aco &#xE9; outra entidade rara com progn&#xF3;stico desfavor&#xE1;vel, localizada predominantemente no &#xE1;trio direito.</p>
<p>O diagn&#xF3;stico preciso e a avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o abrangente dos lipomas card&#xED;acos dependem fortemente da utiliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o de m&#xE9;todos de imagem multimodais. Entre estes, a ecocardiografia transtor&#xE1;cica surge como uma abordagem custo-efetiva e de f&#xE1;cil acesso que evita a exposi&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xE0; radia&#xE7;&#xE3;o ou a agentes de contraste i&#xF4;nicos. Enquanto isso, a ecocardiografia transesof&#xE1;gica assume import&#xE2;ncia na avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o de les&#xF5;es atriais ou les&#xF5;es valvares m&#xF3;veis, oferecendo visualiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o superior da morfologia da massa e suas rela&#xE7;&#xF5;es anat&#xF4;micas. Complementarmente a essas t&#xE9;cnicas, a tomografia computadorizada card&#xED;aca desempenha um papel vital ao fornecer uma avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o detalhada das les&#xF5;es calcificadas e da anatomia extracard&#xED;aca, al&#xE9;m da oportunidade de destacar invas&#xF5;es e margens de massa irregulares. Por &#xFA;ltimo, a resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica card&#xED;aca demonstra capacidade excepcional em distinguir com precis&#xE3;o entre trombos e entidades tumorais, refor&#xE7;ando assim a precis&#xE3;o diagn&#xF3;stica neste dom&#xED;nio intrincado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>O manejo de pacientes assintom&#xE1;ticos com lipomas card&#xED;acos &#xE9; tema de debate. A ressec&#xE7;&#xE3;o radical do lipoma &#xE9; o m&#xE9;todo ideal de tratamento em pacientes sintom&#xE1;ticos. O manejo conservador pode ser implementado para lipomas card&#xED;acos assintom&#xE1;ticos e a ressec&#xE7;&#xE3;o profil&#xE1;tica tamb&#xE9;m deve ser considerada.</p>
</sec></body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn5">
<p><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold></p>
<p>O presente estudo n&#xE3;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
<p><bold>Vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o Acad&#xEA;mica</bold></p>
<p>N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o deste estudo a programas de p&#xF3;s-gradua&#xE7;&#xE3;o.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
<p><bold>Aprova&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xC9;tica e Consentimento Informado</bold></p>
<p>Este artigo n&#xE3;o cont&#xE9;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
<p>Editor respons&#xE1;vel pela revis&#xE3;o: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn></fn-group>
</back></sub-article>
</article>