<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.2023378i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Important Constrictive Pericarditis in a Patient with Schistosomiasis: A Case Report</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-4615-9934</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Brindeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Djair</given-names>
						<suffix>Filho</suffix>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and acquisition of data,analysis and interpretation of the data,writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2214-203X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Del Castillo</surname>
						<given-names>José Maria</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data,critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Granja</surname>
						<given-names>Fábio Antonio Amando</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and acquisition of data,critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Escola de Ecografia de Pernambuco</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Escola de Ecografia de Pernambuco, Recife, PE – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital de Clínicas</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">UFPE</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clínicas da UFPE, Recife, PE – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Djair Brindeiro Filho • Av. Bernardo Vieira de Melo 2965, apto 1201. Postal Code 54410-010.Piedade, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE - Brazil. E-mail: <email>brindeirofilho@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsible for the review: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>24</day>
				<month>05</month>
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>05</month>
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>36</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<elocation-id>e2023378</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>1</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>10</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>9</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Constrictive pericarditis</kwd>
				<kwd>schistosomiais</kwd>
				<kwd>echocardiography</kwd>
				<kwd>strain</kwd>
				<kwd>pericardiectomy</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="10"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="6"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Schistosomiasis mansoni (SM) is one of the most common causes of pulmonary hypertension and is often associated with the hepatosplenic form of the disease. However, constrictive pericarditis (CP) is not cited in the medical literature as a consequence of SM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> One single case report, published in 1979, associating CP with schistosomiasis, presented the etiologic agent of <italic>Schistosoma haematobium</italic>.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The present study described a rare case of CP in a patient with chronic hepatosplenic SM, with a significant improvement in the parameters of ventricular filling and myocardial deformation after surgery, illustrating the importance of the echocardiogram in the detection of complications caused by this disease.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="cases">
			<title>Case report</title>
			<p>A 47-year-old, female patient, diagnosed with schistosomiasis 10 years ago, presented signs of right heart failure (jugular ingurgitation, hepatomegaly, edema of the lower limbs) and left heart failure (exhaustion with minimum/maximum effort, hypotension). The precordium examination showed no abnormalities and upon auscultation of the heart, one could hear a third sound and a discrete systolic murmur on the left sternal border.</p>
			<p>The preliminary echocardiogram showed a major biatrial dilation, signs of mild pulmonary hypertension (41 mmHg), major thickening of the pericardium with no stroke, and the interventricular septum with an altered movement, with a “<italic>septal bounce</italic> ” pattern (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>). The spectral Doppler showed a mitral flow with a left ventricular restrictive pattern, and the Tissue Doppler (TD) of the mitral ring with a septal-lateral inversion in an <italic>Annulus reversus</italic> pattern (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>). The speed of left ventricle (LV) outflow was above 100 cm/s and the LV’s longitudinal global strain (LGS) was discretely reduced (-14.7%), with an accentuated decrease in the inferolateral and anterolateral walls (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3</xref>). Taking these data into account, the CP diagnostic hypothesis was conducted, together with x-ray. A partial surgical pericardiectomy was recommended, revealing an important calcification and adherence of the pericardial layers; the material was sent to the pathological anatomy department (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figure 4</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Eco 2D 4C showing the dilation of the atriums and tricuspid regurgitation; B) Estimation of pulmonary systolic blood pressure using the continuous Doppler; C) Mode M “septal bounce” and pericardial thickening. PSAP: Pulmonary Systolic Arterial Pressure.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e378-gf01.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Mitral flow with restrictive pattern (Left); TD showing lateral E´ &lt; septal E´ speed (Right).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e378-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f03">
					<label>Figure 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Left: Colored Mode M; Speed of outflow with 220 cm/s (arrow photo); Right: LGS, 14.8% (arrow photo) with evident decrease in the inferolateral and anterolateral walls.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e378-gf03.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f04">
					<label>Figure 4</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Intense pericardial thickening observed in the chest X-ray (left) and during surgery (right)</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e378-gf04.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>Eight months after the surgery, there was a clear improvement in the systolic function and the LV filling pattern, diminishing the atrial volumes and increasing the speed of the e´ wave of the lateral ring in relation to the speed of the LV, which increased to -20.7% strain, with the disappearance of the alterations in the inferolateral and anterolateral walls (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figure 5</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f05">
					<label>Figure 5</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Above (TD). Normalization of the speed of the lateral ring (lateral ring E´ wave &gt; septal). Below (LGS). Normalization of the deformity in the inferolateral and anterolateral walls.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e378-gf05.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>Chronic CP is associated with a wide range of possible causes. The disease develops in an insidious manner and, in many cases, the etiology remains undefined.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The diagnosis of CP is based on symptoms and signs of heart failure due to the constriction of the pericardium associated with one or more imaging methods. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is recommended in all patients suspected of CP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Schistosomiasis, a tropical endemic parasitosis, can lead to pulmonary hypertension due to the occlusion of the pulmonary arterioles by the SM eggs. The myocardial and pericardial involvement of SM species is rare and can occur due to the accumulation of SM eggs, which induce a local granulomatous response.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In the only case published in the medical literature,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> the histopathological study of the pericardium showed a fibrous thickening with an increase in the connective tissue and identified the presence of <italic>Schistosoma haematobium</italic> eggs. In the present case, the anatomopathological study of pericardial fragments showed fibrous connective tissue, showing extensive dystrophic calcification, but no SM eggs were identified. Two possibilities can be suggested: the absence of eggs in the analyzed fragments and/or the disintegration of the eggs. In any case, the etiological possibility cannot be discarded, since there was no medical history or other concomitant disease that could be attributed as a cause of CP. The TTE identified various parameters of CP, which normalized in the exams performed about eight months after the excellent result of the surgical procedure (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figure 5</xref>). The analysis of the myocardial strain can aid in providing a more precise detection of the adherence of the pericardium to the myocardium along the free wall of the LV, aiding in the diagnosis of CP, as illustrated the present case.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ref-list>
			<title>References</title>
			<ref id="B1">
				<label>1</label>
				<mixed-citation>1. Nunes MC, Guimarães MH Jr, Diamantino AC, Gelape CL, Ferrari TC. Cardiac Manifestations of Parasitic Diseases. Heart. 2017;103(9):651-8. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309870.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Nunes</surname>
							<given-names>MC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Guimarães</surname>
							<given-names>MH</given-names>
							<suffix>Jr</suffix>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Diamantino</surname>
							<given-names>AC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Gelape</surname>
							<given-names>CL</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ferrari</surname>
							<given-names>TC</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Cardiac Manifestations of Parasitic Diseases</article-title>
					<source>Heart</source>
					<year>2017</year>
					<volume>103</volume>
					<issue>9</issue>
					<fpage>651</fpage>
					<lpage>658</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309870</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B2">
				<label>2</label>
				<mixed-citation>2. Posada-Martínez EL, Gonzalez-Barrera LG, Liblik K, Gomez-Mesa JE, Saldarriaga C, Farina JM, et al. Schistosomiasis &amp; Heart - On Behalf of the Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases Affecting the Heart (The NET-Heart Project). Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022;118(5):885-93. doi: 10.36660/abc.20201384.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Posada-Martínez</surname>
							<given-names>EL</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Gonzalez-Barrera</surname>
							<given-names>LG</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Liblik</surname>
							<given-names>K</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Gomez-Mesa</surname>
							<given-names>JE</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Saldarriaga</surname>
							<given-names>C</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Farina</surname>
							<given-names>JM</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Schistosomiasis &amp; Heart - On Behalf of the Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases Affecting the Heart (The NET-Heart Project)</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2022</year>
					<volume>118</volume>
					<issue>5</issue>
					<fpage>885</fpage>
					<lpage>893</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201384</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B3">
				<label>3</label>
				<mixed-citation>3. van der Horst R. Schistosomiasis of the Pericardium. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1979;73(2):243-4. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(79)90227-x.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>van der Horst</surname>
							<given-names>R</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Schistosomiasis of the Pericardium</article-title>
					<source>Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg</source>
					<year>1979</year>
					<volume>73</volume>
					<issue>2</issue>
					<fpage>243</fpage>
					<lpage>244</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0035-9203(79)90227-x</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B4">
				<label>4</label>
				<mixed-citation>4. Edwards WM, O’Brien T. Constrictive Pericarditis [Internet]. New York: Medscape; 2021 [cited 2023 Apr 24]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157096-print">https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157096-print</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="webpage">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Edwards</surname>
							<given-names>WM</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>O’Brien</surname>
							<given-names>T</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<source>Constrictive Pericarditis</source>
					<comment>Internet</comment>
					<publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>
					<publisher-name>Medscape</publisher-name>
					<year>2021</year>
					<date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2023 Apr 24</date-in-citation>
					<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157096-print">https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157096-print</ext-link>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B5">
				<label>5</label>
				<mixed-citation>5. Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, Badano L, Barón-Esquivias G, Bogaert J, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(42):2921-64. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv318.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Adler</surname>
							<given-names>Y</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Charron</surname>
							<given-names>P</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Imazio</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Badano</surname>
							<given-names>L</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Barón-Esquivias</surname>
							<given-names>G</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Bogaert</surname>
							<given-names>J</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>2015 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)</article-title>
					<source>Eur Heart J</source>
					<year>2015</year>
					<volume>36</volume>
					<issue>42</issue>
					<fpage>2921</fpage>
					<lpage>2964</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehv318</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B6">
				<label>6</label>
				<mixed-citation>6. Albakri A. Parasitic (Helminthic) Cardiomyopathy: A Review and Pooled Analysis Of pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Management. Med Clin Arch. 2019;3:1-13. doi: 10.15761/MCA.100 153.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Albakri</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Parasitic (Helminthic) Cardiomyopathy: A Review and Pooled Analysis Of pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Management</article-title>
					<source>Med Clin Arch</source>
					<year>2019</year>
					<volume>3</volume>
					<fpage>1</fpage>
					<lpage>13</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15761/MCA.100</pub-id>
					<comment>153</comment>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Study Association</p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</p>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by">
				<p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.2023378</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Pericardite Constritiva Importante em Paciente com Esquistossomose: Relato de Caso</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-4615-9934</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Brindeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Djair</given-names>
						<suffix>Filho</suffix>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e obtenção de dados,análise e interpretação dos dados,redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2214-203X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Del Castillo</surname>
						<given-names>José Maria</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados,revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Granja</surname>
						<given-names>Fábio Antonio Amando</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e obtenção de dados,revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Escola de Ecografia de Pernambuco, Recife, PE - Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clínicas da UFPE, Recife, PE - Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002"> Correspondência: Djair Brindeiro Filho • Av. Bernardo Vieira de Melo 2965, apto 1201. CEP 54410-010. Piedade, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE - Brasil. E-mail: brindeirofilho@gmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</p>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsável pela revisão: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Pericardite constritiva</kwd>
				<kwd>esquistossomose</kwd>
				<kwd>ecocardiografia</kwd>
				<kwd>strain</kwd>
				<kwd>pericardiectomia</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>A esquistossomose mansônica (EM), é uma das causas mais comuns de hipertensão arterial pulmonar e está frequentemente associada à forma hepatoesplênica da doença. Por outro lado, a pericardite constritiva (PC) não é citada na literatura médica como consequência da EM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Um único relato de caso, publicado em 1979, associando a PC com esquistossomose, tinha como agente etiológico o <italic>Schistosoma haematobium</italic>.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Descrevemos um raro caso de PC em paciente com EM hepatoesplênica crônica, com significativa melhora dos parâmetros de enchimento ventricular e da deformação miocárdica após o tratamento cirúrgico, ressaltando a importância do ecocardiograma para a detecção de complicações dessa doença.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Relato do caso</title>
				<p>Paciente do sexo feminino, com 47 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de esquistossomose há 10 anos, apresentou sinais de insuficiência cardíaca direita (ingurgitação jugular, hepatomegalia, edema dos membros inferiores) e esquerda (cansaço aos mínimos/médios esforços, hipotensão). O exame do precórdio não tinha anormalidades e à ausculta ouvia-se uma terceira bulha e um sopro sistólico de grau discreto no bordo esternal esquerdo.</p>
				<p>O ecocardiograma preliminar mostrou grande dilatação biatrial, sinais hipertensão pulmonar de grau leve (41 mmHg), grande espessamento do pericárdio sem derrame e septo interventricular com movimentação alterada, com padrão “<italic>septal bounce</italic> ” (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref>). O Doppler espectral mostrou o fluxo mitral com padrão restritivo do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), e o Doppler tissular (DT) do anel mitral inversão septal-lateral com padrão <italic>Annulus reversus</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2</xref>). A velocidade de propagação do VE estava acima de 100 cm/s e o <italic>strain</italic> global longitudinal (SLG) do VE discretamente reduzido (-14,7%), com diminuição acentuada nas paredes inferolateral e anterolateral (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03002">Figura 3</xref>). Diante desses dados foi feita a hipótese diagnóstica de PC, corroborada pelo raio-x. Foi indicada pericardiectomia cirúrgica parcial, onde se constatou importante calcificação e aderência das lâminas do pericárdio, sendo enviado material para anatomia patológica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04002">Figura 4</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– A) Eco 2D 4C mostrando dilatação dos átrios e refluxo tricúspide; B) Estimativa da pressão sistólica pulmonar com o Doppler contínuo; C) Modo M “septal bounce” e espessamento pericárdico. VD: ventrículo direito; VE: ventrículo esquerdo; AD: átrio direito; AE: átrio esquerdo; PSAP: pressão arterial pulmonar.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e378-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Fluxo mitral com padrão restritivo (esquerda); DT mostrando velocidade E` lateral &lt; E´ septal (direita).</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e378-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f03002">
						<label>Figura 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Esquerda: Modo M colorido; Velocidade de propagação do fluxo com 220 cm/s (seta, foto); Direita: SLG 14,8% (seta, foto) com evidente redução nas paredes inferolateral e anterolateral.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e378-gf03-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f04002">
						<label>Figura 4</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Espessamento pericárdico intenso visto na Radiografia do tórax (esquerda) e durante o ato cirúrgico (direita).</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e378-gf04-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>Oito meses após a cirurgia houve importante melhora da função sistólica e do padrão de enchimento do VE, diminuição dos volumes atriais e aumento da velocidade da onda e´ do anel lateral em relação à velocidade no anel septal (ausência do <italic>Annulus reversus</italic>), sendo que a maior modificação ocorreu no SLG do VE, que aumentou para -20,7% com desaparecimento das alterações das paredes inferolateral e anterolateral (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05002">Figura 5</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f05002">
						<label>Figura 5</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Acima (Doppler tissular): Normalização da velocidade no anel lateral (onda E´ anel lateral &gt;septal); abaixo (Strain Longitudinal global): Normalização da deformidade nas paredes inferolateral e anterolateral.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e378-gf05-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>A PC crônica está associada a múltiplas causas possíveis. A doença desenvolve-se de forma insidiosa e, em muitos casos, a etiologia nunca é determinada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> O diagnóstico da PC é baseado em sintomas e sinais de insuficiência cardíaca por constrição do pericárdio associados por um ou mais métodos de imagem. O ecocardiograma transtorácico (ETT) é recomendado em todos os pacientes com suspeita de PC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A esquistossomose, parasitose endêmica tropical, pode provocar hipertensão pulmonar por oclusão das arteríolas pulmonares pelos ovos dos esquistossomos. O envolvimento miocárdico ou pericárdico por espécies de Schistosoma é raro e pode ocorrer devido ao acúmulo de ovos de Schistosoma, que induzem uma resposta granulomatosa local.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> No único caso publicado na literatura médica,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> o estudo histopatológico do pericárdio mostrou espessamento fibroso com aumento do tecido conjuntivo e identificou a presença de ovos do <italic>Schistosoma haematobium.</italic> No nosso caso, o estudo anatomopatológico de fragmentos do pericárdio mostrou tecido fibroconjuntivo exibindo extensa calcificação distrófica, contudo não identificou ovos do <italic>Schistosoma mansoni.</italic> Duas possibilidades podem ser aventadas: ausência de ovos nos fragmentos analisados e/ou desintegração dos ovos. De qualquer forma, a possibilidade etiológica não pode ser descartada, uma vez que não havia antecedentes ou outra doença concomitante que pudesse ser atribuída como causa da PC. O ETT identificou vários parâmetros da PC que se normalizaram nos exames realizados cerca de oito meses após o excelente resultado do procedimento cirúrgico (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05002">Figura 5</xref>). A análise do <italic>strain</italic> miocárdico pode ajudar a detectar com mais precisão a aderência do pericárdio ao miocárdio ao longo da parede livre do VE, auxiliando no diagnóstico de PC, como ilustrado nesse caso.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label/>
					<p>Vinculação Acadêmica</p>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label/>
					<p>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</p>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="supported-by">
					<p>Fontes de Financiamento: O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>