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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.2023369i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Image</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Aortocaval Fistula: A Rare Complication of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6881-0024</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Gomes</surname>
						<given-names>Karoline Evelyn Barbosa</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4033-6372</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sanvesso</surname>
						<given-names>Eduardo Koltun</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7237-4771</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Joviliano</surname>
						<given-names>Edwaldo Edner</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7350-8751</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Maurício Serra</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3096-3492</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Zampieri</surname>
						<given-names>Elisa Helena Subtil</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Clínicas</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de São Paulo</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Ribeirão Preto</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Karoline Evelyn Barbosa Gomes • Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre. Postal Code 14015-010. Ribeirão Preto, SP – Brasil E-mail: <email>karolineevelyn@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsible for the review: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>10</day>
				<month>05</month>
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>36</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<elocation-id>e369</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="receivedreceived;accepted">
					<day>6</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>14</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>17</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Arteriovenous Fistula</kwd>
				<kwd>Aortic Rupture</kwd>
				<kwd>Vascular Surgical Procedures</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="4"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="3"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>Aortocaval fistula is a rare complication of aortic aneurysm, occurring in approximately 0.2% to 6.04% of all abdominal aortic aneurysms.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> It may occur in the context of aortic aneurysm rupture, aortitis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, or penetrating abdominal trauma.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The classic clinical signs are abdominal pain, abdominal thrill, and symptoms of decompensated heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> It is usually diagnosed via computed tomography angiography, and typical findings include early contrast enhancement of the inferior vena cava (prior to contrast of the renal and hepatic parenchyma) and retrograde enhancement of the renal or iliac veins.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Open surgical treatment has high associated morbidity and mortality, with reported rates of approximately 30%. With the advent of endovascular therapy, these rates have been reduced, with success rates as high as 96%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
		<p>An 85-year-old male patient, with hypertension and history of tobacco use, was admitted to the emergency unit with a history of sudden onset of abdominal pain four days prior, associated with a pulsating abdominal mass in the hypogastric region. Tomography angiography of the total aorta was performed, showing a pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with a diameter of 11.5 cm, extending from the right renal artery to the aortic bifurcation, with signs of tamponade rupture into the retroperitoneum (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1A</xref>), associated with an aortocaval fistula with a point of communication at the level of the iliac veins. In the tomography image, retrograde and early enhancement of the iliac veins was observed in the arterial phase (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1B</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1C</xref>). During clinical evaluation, the patient presented hemodynamic instability, and an emergency surgical procedure was indicated. Intraoperatively (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>), an aneurysm with signs of rupture was found, showing thrill on palpation. The patient evolved with refractory hypotension and died.</p>
		<p>
			<fig id="f01">
				<label>Figure 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>– A) Abdominal aortic aneurysm with signs of tamponade rupture; B) retrograde and early enhancement of the iliac veins (arrow) in the arterial phase; C) abdominal aortic aneurysm compressing the inferior vena cava (arrow) showing early enhancement in the arterial phase due to an aortocaval fistula.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e369-gf01.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</p>
		<p>
			<fig id="f02">
				<label>Figure 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>– Intraoperative finding showing inferior vena cava (*) and aortic wall (arrow) in close contact with an area of aortocaval fistula.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e369-gf02.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</p>
		<p>Aortocaval fistula is a rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Knowledge about it is highly important for suspected diagnosis, in order to improve patients’ survival results.</p>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ref-list>
			<title>References</title>
			<ref id="B1">
				<label>1</label>
				<mixed-citation>1. Lorenzati B, Perotto M, Bottone S, Tenconi G, Gazzina G, Cataldi W. Aortocaval Fistula. Intern Emerg Med. 2014;9(8):895-6. doi: 10.1007/s11739-014-1076-5.</mixed-citation>
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							<given-names>M</given-names>
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							<given-names>S</given-names>
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							<given-names>G</given-names>
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							<surname>Cataldi</surname>
							<given-names>W</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Aortocaval Fistula</article-title>
					<source>Intern Emerg Med</source>
					<year>2014</year>
					<volume>9</volume>
					<issue>8</issue>
					<fpage>895</fpage>
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					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11739-014-1076-5</issue-id>
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				<mixed-citation>2. Kashyap VS, Kumar A, Atallah PC, Warner C. Aortocaval Fistula. J Am Coll Surg. 2006;203(5):780. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.03.024.</mixed-citation>
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							<surname>Kashyap</surname>
							<given-names>VS</given-names>
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							<surname>Kumar</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
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							<surname>Atallah</surname>
							<given-names>PC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Warner</surname>
							<given-names>C</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Aortocaval Fistula</article-title>
					<source>J Am Coll Surg</source>
					<year>2006</year>
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				</element-citation>
			</ref>
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				<label>3</label>
				<mixed-citation>3. Brightwell RE, Pegna V, Boyne N. Aortocaval Fistula: Current Management Strategies. ANZ J Surg. 2013;83(1-2):31-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06294.x.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Brightwell</surname>
							<given-names>RE</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Pegna</surname>
							<given-names>V</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Boyne</surname>
							<given-names>N</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Aortocaval Fistula: Current Management Strategies</article-title>
					<source>ANZ J Surg</source>
					<year>2013</year>
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				</element-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<p>Study Association</p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<p>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</p>
				<p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the HCFMRP-USP under the protocol number 68048223.7.0000.5440. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by">
				<p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.2023369</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Imagem</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Fístula Aortocaval: Uma Complicação Rara do Aneurisma de Aorta Abdominal Roto</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6881-0024</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Gomes</surname>
						<given-names>Karoline Evelyn Barbosa</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4033-6372</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sanvesso</surname>
						<given-names>Eduardo Koltun</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7237-4771</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Joviliano</surname>
						<given-names>Edwaldo Edner</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7350-8751</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Maurício Serra</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3096-3492</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Zampieri</surname>
						<given-names>Elisa Helena Subtil</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002"> Correspondência: Karoline Evelyn Barbosa Gomes • Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre. CEP: 14015-010. Ribeirão Preto, SP – Brasil E-mail: karolineevelyn@gmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</p>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsável pela revisão: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Fístula Arteriovenosa</kwd>
				<kwd>Ruptura Aórtica</kwd>
				<kwd>Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>A fístula aortocaval é uma complicação rara do aneurisma de aorta, ocorrendo em cerca de 0,2% a 6,04% de todos os aneurismas de aorta abdominal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Pode ocorrer no contexto de ruptura de aneurisma de aorta, aortite, síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, síndrome de Marfan ou trauma abdominal penetrante.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Os sinais clínicos clássicos são dor abdominal, frêmito abdominal e sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca descompensada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O diagnóstico é geralmente realizado por meio de uma angiotomografia computadorizada, sendo alguns achados típicos: realce precoce do contraste da veia cava inferior (anterior à contrastação do parênquima renal e hepático) e realce retrógrado das veias renais ou ilíacas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O tratamento cirúrgico aberto tem alta morbidade e mortalidade associadas, com taxas relatadas em torno de 30%. Com o advento da terapia endovascular essas taxas foram reduzidas, com taxas de sucesso de até 96%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Paciente sexo masculino, 85 anos, hipertenso e ex-tabagista, deu entrada na unidade de emergência com história de início de dor abdominal súbita há quatro dias, associada a massa abdominal pulsátil em região de hipogástrio. Foi realizada angiotomografia de aorta total, sendo evidenciado aneurisma de aorta abdominal pararrenal com diâmetro de 11,5 cm, estendendo-se a partir da artéria renal direita até bifurcação aórtica, com sinais de rotura tamponada para retroperitônio (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1A</xref>), associado à fístula aortocaval com ponto de comunicação ao nível das ilíacas. Na imagem de tomografia foi observado o realce retrógrado e precoce das ilíacas na fase arterial (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1B</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">1C</xref>). Durante avaliação clínica, paciente apresentou instabilidade hemodinâmica, sendo indicado procedimento cirúrgico de emergência. No intraoperatório (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2</xref>) foi evidenciado aneurisma com sinais de rotura, apresentando frêmito à palpação. Paciente evoluiu com hipotensão refratária e óbito.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01002">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– A) Aneurisma de aorta abdominal com sinais de rotura tamponada; B) realce retrogrado e precoce das veias ilíacas (seta) na fase arterial; C) aneurisma de aorta abdominal comprimindo veia cava inferior (seta) que apresenta realce precoce na fase arterial devido fístula aortocaval.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e369-gf01-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02002">
					<label>Figura 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Achado intraoperatório evidenciando veia cava inferior (*) e parede aórtica (seta) em íntimo contato em área de fístula aortocaval.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e369-gf02-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>A fístula aortocaval é uma complicação rara do aneurisma de aorta abdominal, associado a altas taxas de morbimortalidade. Seu conhecimento é de grande importância para uma suspeição do seu diagnóstico, a fim de melhora dos resultados de sobrevida dos pacientes.</p>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p>Vinculação Acadêmica</p>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</p>
					<p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do(a) HCFMRP-USP sob o número de protocolo 68048223.7.0000.5440. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo estão de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes incluídos no estudo.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="supported-by">
					<p>Fontes de Financiamento: O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>