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<article article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230049i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Short Editorial</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Lung Ultrasound in Outpatients with Heart Failure</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0794-7339</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Lofrano-Alves</surname>
						<given-names>Marco Stephan</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Marco Stephan Lofrano-Alves • Universidade Federal do Paraná, Clínica Médica. Rua General Carneiro, 181. Postal Code: 82060-900. Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR – Brazil E-mail: <email>mslalves@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn>
					<p>Editor responsible for the review: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>27</day>
				<month>06</month>
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>36</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20230049</elocation-id>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Ultrasonics</kwd>
				<kwd>Lung</kwd>
				<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="7"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>Over the last decade, we have witnessed the widespread use of lung ultrasound (LU) in the assessment of pulmonary congestion. In addition to the well-known technique of auscultation of adventitious lung sounds, LU makes an important contribution by sharpening our vision to the diagnosis of pulmonary interstitial edema by quantification of B-lines. LU has emerged as a relevant and updated method, since it is a safe, low-cost, rapid and available at bedside, being an alternative to imaging methods associated with ionizing radiation, such as chest tomography and X-ray.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
		<p>LU is a standardized tool in diagnosis and treatment monitoring today, and has been studied in different clinical scenarios of pulmonary congestion of cardiogenic origin.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In outpatients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), B-line counting by LU showed an 89% accuracy with a cutoff ≥ 15 B-lines.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In another study with patients hospitalized for HFrEF, the risk of an adverse in-hospital event increased with the rising number of B-lines at admission, and the risk of HF hospitalization and all-cause death was greater in patients with a higher number of B-lines at discharge.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
		<p>In the current issue of ABC <italic>Imagem Cardiovascular</italic>, Otto <italic>et al.</italic> present an interesting correlation of LU with ambulatory monitoring of pulmonary congestion using a remote dielectric sensing (ReDS) technology in 38 HFrEF patients and inappropriate control of blood volume. ReDS technology uses low-power electromagnetic signals that are emitted to the thorax to estimate lung fluid volume, which is expressed as percentage of total lung volume.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> By using the ReDS method and adopting a cutoff ≥35% of net volume, the authors found that pulmonary congestion was present in 58% of HFrEF patients, mostly in older patients. Among the variables studied, the presence of B-lines on LU, the lateral tricuspid annulus peak velocity on tissue Doppler, and the presence of lower limb edema were associated with pulmonary congestion on ReDS. In contrast, neither serum NT-proBNP levels nor the E/E’ ratio was correlated with pulmonary congestion.</p>
		<p>To the new generation of physicians, the diagnosis of pulmonary congestion depends much more on “seeing” than “hearing”. However, caution is needed in interpreting the B-lines and their association with cardiogenic edema. B-lines can be found in pulmonary diseases including interstitial pneumonia, atelectasis, and severe acute respiratory syndrome, and are a sensitive, although nonspecific sign of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The distinguishing of B-lines for excess interstitial fluid from fibrotic B-lines, for example, may be difficult by LU. Studies comparing LU with other methods of assessing pulmonary fluid content are scarce but needed for its validation. Therefore, the study by Otto <italic>et al</italic>. is very welcome.</p>
	</body>
	<back>
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		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p><italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Pulmonary Congestion in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Comparison Between Lung Ultrasound and Remote Dielectric Sensing</italic></p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Study Association</p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</p>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by">
				<p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230049</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Minieditorial</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Aplicação do Ultrassom Pulmonar em Pacientes Ambulatoriais com Insuficiência Cardíaca</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0794-7339</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Lofrano-Alves</surname>
						<given-names>Marco Stephan</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002"> Correspondência: Marco Stephan Lofrano-Alves • Universidade Federal do Paraná, Clínica Médica. Rua General Carneiro, 181. CEP: 82060-900. Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR – Brasil E-mail: mslalves@hotmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</p>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsável pela revisão: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Ultrassom</kwd>
				<kwd>Pulmão</kwd>
				<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>Na última década, observamos a difusão do uso da ultrassonografia pulmonar (USGP) como ferramenta de avaliação de congestão pulmonar. Ao que já era território de domínio da nossa audição, com a ausculta dos sons pulmonares adventícios, a USGP contribui aguçando nossa visão para o diagnóstico de edema intersticial desse órgão, por meio da visualização e contagem das linhas B. Sendo um método seguro, de realização rápida, disponível à beira do leito e de custo acessível, a USGP é uma alternativa aos métodos de imagem que se utilizam da radiação ionizante, como a tomografia e a radiografia de tórax, tornando-se um método relevante e atual.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Com sua padronização, a USGP é hoje uma ferramenta de avaliação diagnóstica e de monitorização de tratamento, estudada em diversos cenários clínicos de congestão pulmonar de origem cardiogênica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Em pacientes ambulatoriais com Insuficiência Cardíaca e Fração de Ejeção Reduzida (ICFER), a contagem de linhas B ao USGP apresentou acurácia de 89% quando utilizado um ponto de corte ≥15 linhas B.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Em outro estudo com pacientes hospitalizados por ICFER, o risco de evento adverso intra-hospitalar aumentou com o número de linhas B à admissão, e o risco de hospitalização e morte por qualquer causa foi maior em pacientes com um maior número de linhas B na alta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Na edição atual do ABC Imagem Cardiovascular, Otto <italic>et al.</italic> nos apresentam uma interessante correlação da USGP com a monitorização ambulatorial da congestão pulmonar pelo dispositivo dielétrico remoto (DDR) em 38 pacientes portadores de ICFER de difícil controle volêmico. O DDR é uma tecnologia que utiliza sinais eletromagnéticos de baixa potência direcionados ao tórax para estimar o conteúdo absoluto de líquido pulmonar, expresso como percentual do volume pulmonar total.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Utilizando-se um ponto de corte ≥35% de volume líquido ao DDR, 58% dos pacientes com ICFER apresentaram-se com congestão pulmonar, sendo mais frequente em pacientes com idade mais alta. Dentre as variáveis estudadas, a presença de linhas B ao USGP, a velocidade máxima do anel tricúspide lateral ao Doppler tecidual e a presença de edema de membros inferiores foram associados com congestão pulmonar ao DDR. Ao contrário, a dosagem de NT-proBNP sérico e a relação E/e´ não se correlacionaram com a presença de congestão ao DDR.</p>
			<p>Para a nova geração de médicos, é certo que o diagnóstico de congestão pulmonar relaciona-se mais com “olhar” do que “ouvir”. No entanto, é preciso cautela na interpretação das linhas B e sua associação com edema cardiogênico. Linhas B são encontradas em doenças pulmonares como pneumonias intersticiais, atelectasias, e síndrome respiratória aguda grave, sendo um sinal sensível para o diagnóstico de edema pulmonar cardiogênico, porém inespecífico. A separação de linhas B por excesso de líquido intersticial de linhas B fibróticas da esclerose sistêmica, por exemplo, pode ser difícil com o USGP. Para a interpretação correta da presença de linhas B ao USGP é necessário integrar o contexto clínico e a avaliação morfofuncional cardíaca pela ecocardiografia. Estudos comparando o USGP com outros métodos de avaliação do conteúdo líquido pulmonar são escassos, porém necessários para sua validação. Assim, o estudo de Otto <italic>et al.</italic> é muito bem-vindo.</p>
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					<p><italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Congestão Pulmonar em Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Reduzida: Comparação Entre o Ultrassom de Pulmão e o Dispositivo Dielétrico Remoto</italic></p>
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					<p>Vinculação Acadêmica</p>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
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					<p>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</p>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
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					<p>Fontes de Financiamento: O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
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