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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230019i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the Carotid Artery (TIPIC): Vascular Ultrasonography Role</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4272-646X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barros</surname>
						<given-names>Fanilda Souto</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research,Acquisition of data and analysis and interpretation of the data,Writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3438-0526</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Santos</surname>
						<given-names>Simone Nascimento dos</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research,Writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-0893-5719</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barros</surname>
						<given-names>Daniela Souto</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1996-8615</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Cunha</surname>
						<given-names>Sérgio Salles</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research,Writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1622-6621</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Albricker</surname>
						<given-names>Ana Lopes</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6186-1531</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Petisco</surname>
						<given-names>Ana Cláudia Gomes</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Angiolab Laboratório Vascular</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Vitório</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">ES</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Angiolab Laboratório Vascular, Vitório, ES – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">ECCOS Diagnóstico Cardiovascular</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Brasília</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">ECCOS Diagnóstico Cardiovascular, Brasília, DF – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3">
				<label>3</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4">
				<label>4</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, PR – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff5">
				<label>5</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Society of Vascular Ultrasound</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Jacksonville</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">FL</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="US">United States</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Society of Vascular Ultrasound, Jacksonville, FL – United States</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff6">
				<label>6</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Imede de Ultrassom</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto Imede de Ultrassom, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Fanilda Souto Barros • Angiolab Laboratório Vascular. Rua José Teixeira, 290. Postal code: 29055-310. Praia do Canto, Vitória, ES – Brazil E-mail: <email>fanildas@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsible for the review: Simone Nascimento dos Santos</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>10</day>
				<month>05</month>
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>36</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20230019</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>20</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>2</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>3</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>TIPIC</kwd>
				<kwd>Carotid artery</kwd>
				<kwd>arteritis</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="6"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="7"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the Carotid Artery (TIPIC syndrome) is a rare and underdiagnosed condition. In this article, we describe a case of TIPIC syndrome, including topics such as clinical evaluation, indication and findings of vascular ultrasonography (VUS), treatment and follow-up, with a brief review of the literature.</p>
		<sec sec-type="cases">
			<title>Case Report</title>
			<p>Male patient, 53 years old, complaining of progressive unilateral neck pain, which appeared spontaneously, in association with edema, local redness, and great sensitivity to palpation. The patient’s past history included radiotherapy for about 5 years in the neck and face region, on the opposite side of the current complaint. The patient was a non-smoker and had no other significant risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. One year before the current clinical picture, the patient had undergone VUS of the carotid arteries, in a routine evaluation for follow-up after radiotherapy, the result was within normal limits.</p>
			<p>Given the clinical picture, a new VUS examination was requested, which included the standard protocol for evaluating the extracranial common, external, and internal carotid arteries (ACC, ICA and ACE). Special attention was given to extracarotid (perivascular) tissues due to the history of radiotherapy. The B-mode US showed extensive hypoechoic and homogeneous involvement of the tissues, including the arterial wall at the level of the carotid bifurcation, expanding to the proximal ICA (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1A</xref>). The peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity (PSV/EDV) were high: PSV/EDV = 288/129 cm/s (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1B</xref>). Local stenosis measured in the transverse plane of the image was estimated at 74% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1C</xref>), consistent with the Doppler velocity data. The extent of the affected area was 5.57 mm compared to a lumen of 1.96 mm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angioresonance (MRA) showed irregular thickening, with contrast enhancement, in the proximal ICA and bifurcation, corroborating the VUS findings (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figures 2A and 2B</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the Carotid Artery (TIPIC syndrome) is a rare and underdiagnosed condition. In this article, we describe a case of TIPIC syndrome, including topics such as clinical evaluation, indication and findings of vascular ultrasonography (VUS), treatment and follow-up, with a brief review of the literature.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e20230019-gf01.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (NMR). A) MRA showing a 70% reduction in the lumen of the proximal ICA; B) Irregular thickening with contrast enhancement in the periphery of the ICA. Cortesy: Fernando Santos Emerick Gomes M.D. Federal University of Espírito Santo.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e20230019-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>The patient underwent drug treatment with corticosteroids for 2 weeks with significant improvement in symptoms.</p>
			<p>The VUS of the carotid arteries was repeated after 4 months, this second exam being essential for the diagnostic conclusion. Ultrasound examination showed that, after treatment, there was a reduction in the degree of stenosis to approximately 50% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figures 3A and 3B</xref>). The ICA luminal diameter increased from 1.96 mm to 3.19 mm. PSV decreased from 288 cm/s to 132 cm/s and EDV decreased from 129 cm/s to 62 cm/s (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3C</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f03">
					<label>Figure 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– VUS findings of the TIPIC case, 4 months after diagnosis and treatment. A) Cross-sectional image in B-mode and power Doppler, with measurement of the degree of stenosis in the proximal ICA; B) Thickening reduction covering the wall of the proximal ICA, from the carotid bifurcation, with color Doppler flow; C) Pulsed Doppler of the proximal ICA demonstrating a reduction in flow velocity values.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e20230019-gf03.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>Due to clinical improvement and VUS data after treatment, the diagnosis of TIPIC syndrome was considered.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>TIPIC syndrome is a rare and underdiagnosed disease, supposedly of an inflammatory nature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Its etiology and pathophysiology are unknown, and it may be part of an autoimmune process that has not yet been clarified. Prevalence was estimated at 2.8%, in individuals with acute onset neck pain, with a slight male predominance <sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup> and a mean age of 48 years. Its evolution suggests that it is benign, with resolution of the symptoms in approximately 2 weeks, either spontaneously or with the use of drugs such as non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids and acetylsalicylic acid.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Laboratory tests can be normal or nonspecific, and the diagnosis is made by clinical presentation and imaging tests.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> VUS is capable of identifying vascular and perivascular alterations in TIPIC syndrome, in which one of the characteristic alterations is the diffuse and homogeneous increase in the echogenicity of the perivascular fatty tissue at the site of pain, causing attenuation of the sound beam, as well as the presence of a self-limited intimal soft plaque could be related to the carotid inflammatory process.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Other imaging methods that can also be used for the diagnosis of TIPIC and that contribute to the sonographic findings are computed tomography (CT), MRI and NMR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			<p>A retrospective multinational observational study, involving 72 patients, discussed findings such as thickness and longitudinal extent of the disease in ultrasound images, with the purpose of evaluating the clinical behavior and characteristics at VUS in the TIPIC syndrome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The authors reaffirmed the use of the previously proposed term TIPIC, replacing the term “carotidynia” for cases such as the one described in this article.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Lecler et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> proposed 4 major diagnostic criteria for TIPIC: 1) presence of acute pain along the course of the carotid artery, which may radiate to the head; 2) eccentric perivascular infiltration on imaging; 3) exclusion of another diagnosis, whether vascular or non-vascular; 4) improvement in 14 days with anti-inflammatory treatment or spontaneous. And yet a minor criterion: presence of self-limited intimal soft plaque.</p>
			<p>Potential differential diagnoses include acute carotid artery dissection, Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis, other vasculitis (including radiation-induced arteritis), jugular vein thrombosis, lymphadenitis, submandibular gland disorder, and tumors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Lately, two case reports were published that presented similar clinical characteristics, however, one of them was affected by COVID-19. Both were male individuals, 38 and 45 years old, with thickening of the arterial wall of the ACC and carotid bifurcation on VUS. B-mode VUS imaging demonstrated hypoechogenic homogeneous tissue, without significant arterial stenosis, and the findings were corroborated by CT and magnetic resonance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> As in our case, local signs and symptoms in the neck region improved within two weeks after treatment.</p>
			<p>The VUS performed 4 months after the beginning of the condition in our patient showed a substantial improvement in the alterations, compared with the alterations detected in the diagnostic ultrasound examination. Such findings are consistent with the data described in the literature, and there may be complete remission of the ultrasonographic alterations, although there may be residual lesions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> One explanation, according to the histopathological study, would be the early development of fibrosis associated with chronic and low-grade inflammatory activity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Ultrasound Tissue Characterization Analysis can use tissue brightness to identify cases of TIPIC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The technique used by Lal et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> stratifies the B-mode image using reference points between 0-190 in differentiating blood -adventitia. Adventitia may not be clear in TIPIC cases, but tissue characterization can separate homogeneous TIPIC findings from heterogeneous findings suggestive of atherosclerotic plaque. There is also the prospect of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to investigate TIPIC findings, just as CEUS has been promising for the detection of flow on Doppler arising from neovascularization within carotid plaques<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup>and also in cases of carotid membranes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>VUS, clinical history and physical examination documented a rare case of TIPIC, which was confirmed by MRI. Treatment results were consistent with literature data. The etiology of the TIPIC syndrome still requires further investigation for its better elucidation.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Study Association</p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</p>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by">
				<p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230019</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Inflamação Perivascular Transitória da Artéria Carótida (TIPIC): Papel da Ultrassonografia Vascular</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4272-646X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barros</surname>
						<given-names>Fanilda Souto</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa,obtenção de dados e análise e interpretação dos dados,redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3438-0526</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Santos</surname>
						<given-names>Simone Nascimento dos</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa,redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-0893-5719</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barros</surname>
						<given-names>Daniela Souto</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3002"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4002"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1996-8615</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Cunha</surname>
						<given-names>Sérgio Salles</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa,redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5002"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1622-6621</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Albricker</surname>
						<given-names>Ana Lopes</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6002"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6186-1531</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Petisco</surname>
						<given-names>Ana Cláudia Gomes</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3002"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Angiolab Laboratório Vascular, Vitório, ES – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">ECCOS Diagnóstico Cardiovascular, Brasília, DF – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3002">
				<label>3</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4002">
				<label>4</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, PR – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff5002">
				<label>5</label>
				<country country="US">Estados Unidos</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Society of Vascular Ultrasound, Jacksonville, FL – Estados Unidos</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff6002">
				<label>6</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto Imede de Ultrassom, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002"> Correspondência: Fanilda Souto Barros • Angiolab Laboratório Vascular. Rua José Teixeira, 290. CEP: 29055-310. Praia do Canto, Vitória, ES – Brasil E-mail: fanildas@gmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</p>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsável pela revisão: Simone Nascimento dos Santos</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>TIPIC</kwd>
				<kwd>artéria carótida</kwd>
				<kwd>arterite</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>A Inflamação Perivascular Transitória da Artéria Carótida (síndrome TIPIC – <italic>Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the Carotid Artery</italic>) é uma condição rara e subdiagnosticada. Neste artigo, descrevemos um caso de síndrome TIPIC, incluindo tópicos como avaliação clínica, indicação e achados da ultrassonografia vascular (USV), tratamento e acompanhamento, com uma breve revisão da literatura.</p>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Relato do Caso</title>
				<p>Paciente do sexo masculino, 53 anos, com queixa de dor cervical unilateral progressiva, que surgiu espontaneamente, acompanhado de edema, vermelhidão local e grande sensibilidade à palpação. A história pregressa do paciente incluía radioterapia há cerca de 5 anos na região do pescoço e face contralateral à queixa atual. O paciente não era tabagista e não apresentava outros fatores de risco significativos para doença aterosclerótica. Um ano antes ao quadro clínico atual o paciente havia realizado USV das artérias carótidas, em avaliação de rotina para seguimento após a radioterapia, cujo resultado estava dentro da normalidade.</p>
				<p>Diante do quadro clínico, foi solicitado um novo exame de USV que incluiu o protocolo padrão de avaliação das artérias carótidas comuns (ACC), externas (ACE) e internas (ACI) extracranianas. Atenção especial foi dada aos tecidos extracarotídeos (perivasculares), devido ao passado de radioterapia. A USV demonstrou ao modo B, extenso acometimento hipoecogênico e homogêneo dos tecidos, englobando a parede arterial na altura da bifurcação carotídea, expandindo-se para a ACI proximal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1A</xref>). A velocidade de pico sistólico e a velocidade diastólica final (VPS/VDF) encontravam-se elevadas: VPS/VDF = 288/129 cm/s (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1B</xref>). A estenose local medida no plano transversal da imagem foi estimada em 74% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1C</xref>), compatível com os dados de velocidade do Doppler. A extensão da área acometida foi de 5,57 mm em comparação com um lúmen de 1,96 mm. A ressonância magnética e a angioressonância (RNM, ARNM) mostraram espessamento irregular, com realce pelo contraste, na ACI proximal e bifurcação, corroborando com os achados da USV (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figuras 2A e 2B</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Achados da USV do caso TIPIC antes do tratamento. A) Grande espessamento englobando a parede da ACI proximal, desde a bifurcação carotídea, com fluxo ao power Doppler; B) Fluxo ao Doppler pulsado da ACI proximal com medidas de velocidade; C) Imagem transversal em modo B e power Doppler, com medida do grau da estenose na ACI proximal.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e20230019-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– RNM e ARNM. A) ARNM mostrando redução de 70% do lúmen da ACI proximal; B) Espessamento irregular com realce pelo meio de contraste na periferia da ACI. Cedido por: Fernando Santos Emerick Gomes M.D. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e20230019-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>O paciente foi submetido a tratamento medicamentoso com corticoide por 2 semanas com melhora expressiva dos sintomas.</p>
				<p>A USV das artérias carótidas foi repetida após 4 meses sendo, esse segundo exame, fundamental para a conclusão diagnóstica. O exame ultrassonográfico mostrou que, após o tratamento, houve uma redução do grau da estenose para cerca de 50% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03002">Figuras 3A e 3B</xref>). O diâmetro luminal da ACI aumentou de 1,96 mm para 3,19 mm. A VPS diminuiu de 288 cm/s para 132 cm/s e a VDF diminuiu de 129 cm/s para 62 cm/s (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03002">Figura 3C</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f03002">
						<label>Figura 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Achados do USV do caso TIPIC, 4 meses após o diagnóstico e tratamento. A) Imagem transversal em modo B e power Doppler, com medida do grau da estenose na ACI proximal; B) Redução do espessamento que engloba a parede da ACI proximal, desde a bifurcação carotídea, com fluxo ao Doppler colorido; C) Doppler pulsado da ACI proximal demonstrando redução dos valores de velocidade de fluxo.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-02-e20230019-gf03-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>Em função da melhora clínica e dos dados da USV após o tratamento, considerou-se o diagnóstico de síndrome TIPIC.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>A síndrome TIPIC é uma doença rara e pouco diagnosticada, aparentemente de caráter inflamatório.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Sua etiologia e fisiopatologia são desconhecidas, podendo fazer parte de algum processo autoimune ainda não esclarecido. A prevalência foi estimada em 2,8%, em indivíduos com dor cervical de início agudo, com discreto predomínio do sexo masculino<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> e média de idade de 48 anos. Sua evolução sugere ser benigna, havendo resolução dos sintomas em aproximadamente 2 semanas, seja de forma espontânea ou com uso de medicamentos como anti-inflamatórios não hormonais, corticoides e ácido acetilsalicílico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Os exames laboratoriais podem ser normais ou inespecíficos, sendo o diagnóstico, feito pela apresentação clínica e por exames de imagem.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A USV é capaz de identificar as alterações vasculares e perivasculares na síndrome TIPIC, em que umas das alterações características é o aumento difuso e homogêneo da ecogenicidade do tecido gorduroso perivascular no local da dor, causando atenuação do feixe de som, assim como a presença de uma placa mole intimal autolimitada, poderia estar relacionada com o processo inflamatório carotídeo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Outros métodos de imagem que também podem ser utilizados para o diagnóstico de TIPIC e que contribuem com os achados ultrassonográficos são a tomografia computadorizada (TC), a RNM e a ARNM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Um estudo observacional multinacional retrospectivo, envolvendo 72 pacientes, discutiu achados como espessura e extensão longitudinal da doença em imagens ultrassonográficas, com o propósito de avaliar o comportamento clínico e as características à USV na síndrome TIPIC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Os autores reafirmaram a utilização do termo TIPIC, anteriormente proposto, substituindo o termo “carotidinia” para casos como o descrito neste artigo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Lecler et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> propuseram 4 critérios diagnósticos maiores para a TIPIC: 1) presença de dor aguda no trajeto da artéria carótida, podendo irradiar para a cabeça; 2) infiltração perivascular excêntrica em exame de imagem; 3) exclusão de outro diagnóstico, seja vascular ou não vascular; 4) melhora em 14 dias com tratamento anti-inflamatório ou espontânea. E ainda um critério menor: presença de placa mole intimal autolimitada.</p>
				<p>Dentre os potenciais diagnósticos diferenciais estão a dissecção aguda da artéria carótida, arterite de Takayasu, arterite de células gigantes, outras vasculites (incluindo arterite induzida por radiação), trombose da veia jugular, linfadenite, distúrbio da glândula submandibular e tumores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Recentemente foram publicados dois relatos de caso que se apresentaram com características clínicas semelhantes, porém, um deles, acometido pela COVID-19. Ambos eram indivíduos do sexo masculino, 38 e 45 anos, com espessamento da parede arterial da ACC e da bifurcação carotídea na USV. A imagem à USV em modo B, demonstrou tecido homogêneo hipoecogênico, sem estenose arterial significativa, e os achados foram corroborados por TC e RNM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Assim como em nosso caso, os sinais e sintomas locais na região do pescoço melhoraram em duas semanas após o tratamento.</p>
				<p>A USV realizada 4 meses após o início do quadro em nosso paciente, demostrou melhora substancial das alterações, comparadas com as alterações detectadas no exame ultrassonográfico do diagnóstico. Tais achados são concordantes com os dados descritos na literatura, podendo haver remissão completa das alterações ultrassonográficas, embora possa haver lesão residual.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Uma explicação, conforme estudo histopatológico, seria o desenvolvimento precoce de fibrose associada a uma atividade inflamatória crônica e de baixo grau.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A análise de caracterização de tecido por ultrassonografia (CATUS) pode utilizar o brilho do tecido na identificação de casos de TIPIC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A técnica utilizada por Lal et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> estratifica a imagem em modo B empregando pontos de referência entre 0-190 na diferenciação sangue-adventícia. A adventícia pode não ser clara em casos de TIPIC, mas a caracterização do tecido pode separar achados homogêneos de TIPIC, de achados heterogêneos sugestivos de placa aterosclerótica. Também há a perspectiva da utilização da ultrassonografia com contraste (CEUS) para investigar os achados de TIPIC, assim como o CEUS vem sendo promissor para a detecção de fluxo ao Doppler advindo de neovascularização dentro das placas carotídeas<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e também nos casos de membranas carotídeas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>A USV, a história clínica e o exame físico documentaram um raro caso de TIPIC, sendo corroborado pela RNM. Os resultados do tratamento foram compatíveis com os dados da literatura. A etiologia da síndrome TIPIC ainda exige investigação adicional para sua melhor elucidação.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label/>
					<p>Vinculação Acadêmica</p>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label/>
					<p>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</p>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="supported-by">
					<p>Fontes de Financiamento: O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>