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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Imagem cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.2023360i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Importance of Echocardiography in the Differential Diagnosis of Rheumatic Mitral Regurgitation in Children and Adolescents</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2110-2474</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Silva</surname>
						<given-names>Camila Magalhães</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data, writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1510-7543</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Arantes</surname>
						<given-names>Maik</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data, writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3059-7480</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Araújo</surname>
						<given-names>Fátima Derlene da Rocha</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of the data, writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8288-7116</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Guimarães</surname>
						<given-names>Adriana Furletti Machado</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5526-7915</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Meira</surname>
						<given-names>Zilda Maria Alves</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of the data, writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Clínicas</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address<bold>:</bold> Camila Magalhães Silv<bold>a</bold> Avenida Alfredo Balena, 100, quinto andar, Postal code: 30130-100, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brazil E-mail: <email>camila.magalhaes@live.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsible for the review: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>24</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>36</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>e360</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>19</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>27</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>30</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
				<kwd>Mitral Valve Insufficiency</kwd>
				<kwd>Rheumatic Fever</kwd>
				<kwd>Diagnosis, Differential</kwd>
				<kwd>Pediatrics</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="4"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="8"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Mitral regurgitation (MR) can be a result of abnormalities in different locations of the valve apparatus (cusps, annulus, tendinous cords and papillary muscles), being of acquired or congenital etiology.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> MR can be classified as primary, when resulting from a deformity in the valve structure, or secondary, when related to another heart or systemic disease. In our field, the main cause of MR in students and adolescents is the acquired one. Rheumatic fever (RF) is among the causes, as well as bacterial endocarditis, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> However, congenital anomalies, such as mitral valve (MV) prolapse, mitral cleft (MC), parachute MV and, rarely, isolated cleft MV (ICMV) should be ruled out.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The etiological diagnosis of MR is very important to determine the proper treatment, once it can be clinical or surgical, with definitive correction of the lesion.</p>
			<p>We present the report of a student whose clinical and echocardiographic scenario was first diagnosed as acute RF, showing the importance of echocardiography in the posterior differential diagnosis of MR.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>Clinical case description</title>
			<p>Male, 8-year-old student, was admitted in an intensive care unit presenting with rapid onset exhaustion, low fever and paleness. He denied articular involvement or abnormal movements. He reported previous episodes of pharyngotonsillitis unrelated to the current disease and denied previous hospitalization or regular pediatric follow-up. Negative family history of RF. At examination, his general status was compromised. He was feverish, acyanotic, anicteric, with no edema in the lower limbs, full and symmetrical peripheral pulses, moderate tachypnea, inspiratory crackles in lung bases and painful hepatomegaly. Cardiac auscultation showed three heart sounds, second hyper phonetic sounds, holosystolic murmur grade III-IV/VI, in a mitral area irradiating to the axilla. Laboratory examinations showed leukocytosis, increased C-reactive protein, increased velocity of hemossedimentation and high levels of anti-streptolysin O; blood cultures were negative. Thoracic X-ray showed moderate cardiomegaly in the left chambers, besides lung congestion. Electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm and overload of the left atrium. The first echocardiography diagnosed major MR, increased left chambers and pulmonary hypertension, which raised the possibility of possible rheumatic etiology. The patient was treated for rheumatic carditis with corticotherapy, as well as clinical treatment for heart failure. After discharge, he was referred to the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic using penicillin G benzathine 1.200.000 UI applied every 21 days, furosemide, captopril and prednisone, remaining stable.</p>
			<p>Echocardiographic control confirmed the diagnosis of major MR (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>), increased left chambers, pulmonary hypertension (systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery estimated in 80 mmHg) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD 67%). However, morphological evaluation of the MV did not show thickening nor reduction of the cuspid mobility (video); a discontinuity was visualized in the middle third of the anterior cuspid, measuring about 4 mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>). There was no change in the aortic valve.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle; LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; Arrow points to the location of the cleft with ColorDoppler image compatible with major MR.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e360-gf01.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle; LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; AL: mitral valve anterior leaflet. Arrow points to the cleft.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e360-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>Mitral valvuloplasty was indicated and, during the surgical act, a cleft was identified in the anterior cuspid of the MV and enlargement of the valve ring. Cleft grafting was performed, as well as valve annulus plication, without intercurrences. In the follow-up, the child was asymptomatic, with no need for medications, normal cardiac auscultation and normalization of heart chamber dimensions, pulmonary pressure and presence of minimal MR jet.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>Rheumatic carditis corresponds to the most important manifestation of acute RF, occurring in about 40 to 70% of the cases. MV is the first to be affected in practically 100% of the cases of carditis, manifesting as MR in different grades.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Due to the epidemiology of the disease in our field, it should always be included in the differential diagnosis of acute heart failure and MR, especially in the pediatric age group.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> For the diagnosis of the first RF outbreak two major manifestations, or one major and two minor manifestations, are necessary, besides the evidence of previous infection by group A streptococcus.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The child in the report presented with a major manifestation (carditis) and two minor manifestations (fever and increased evidence of the inflammatory activity phase); previous streptococia was proven by dosing the antistreptolysin O. Therefore, he was treated for heart failure due to acute rheumatic carditis. However, a detailed analysis of mitral morphology showed that the regurgitating jet originated from a flaw along the anterior cuspid and, for that, the most likely diagnosis would be the perforation of the secondary cuspid to bacterial endocarditis, fact that was not proven by the surgical finding that showed an aspect compatible with congenital cleft isolated from the MV.</p>
			<p>ICMV is a rare congenital cause of MR with an incidence of 1:1340 in the pediatric population; it may occur both in the anterior and the posterior MV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> It can be isolated or in association with other congenital heart lesions, and the most common ones are interventricular communication, accessory chordaea in the left ventricle outflow, without obstruction, the ostium secundum interatrial communication and the persistence of the arterial channel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> When associated with other heart lesions, they can be more asymptomatic, and have an earlier diagnosis when compared to isolated cleft cases. However, after the advent of high resolution bidimensional echocardiography and the tridimensional echocardiography, the ICMV diagnosis has been earlier and more recurrent than in the past.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
			<p>This case shows how important the echocardiography is in the differential diagnosis of mitral valvulopathy, even in those patients who met the clinical criteria for RF, thus preventing a mistaken diagnosis and all of the implications related to secondary prophylaxis and late diagnosis of the true etiology.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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							<surname>Remenyi</surname>
							<given-names>B</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Gentles</surname>
							<given-names>TL</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Congenital Mitral Valve Lesions: Correlation between Morphology and Imaging</article-title>
					<source>Ann Pediatr Cardiol</source>
					<year>2012</year>
					<volume>5</volume>
					<issue>1</issue>
					<fpage>3</fpage>
					<lpage>12</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0974-2069.93703</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Study Association</p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<p>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</p>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by">
				<p>Sources of Funding</p>
				<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.2023360</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Importância da Ecocardiografia no Diagnóstico Diferencial da Regurgitação Mitral Reumática em Crianças E Adolescentes</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2110-2474</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Silva</surname>
						<given-names>Camila Magalhães</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados, redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1510-7543</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Arantes</surname>
						<given-names>Maik</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados, redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3059-7480</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Araújo</surname>
						<given-names>Fátima Derlene da Rocha</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante. obtenção de dados, análise e interpretação dos dados, redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8288-7116</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Guimarães</surname>
						<given-names>Adriana Furletti Machado</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados, análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5526-7915</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Meira</surname>
						<given-names>Zilda Maria Alves</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante, obtenção de dados, análise e interpretação dos dados, redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">
					<label>Correspondência</label>: Camila Magalhães Silva Avenida Alfredo Balena, 100, quinto andar, CEP: 30130-100, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brasil E-mail: camila.magalhaes@live.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</p>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsável pela revisão: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
				<kwd>Insuficiência da Valva Mitral</kwd>
				<kwd>Febre Reumática</kwd>
				<kwd>Diagnóstico Diferencial</kwd>
				<kwd>Pediatria</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro" specific-use="'">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>A regurgitação mitral (RM) pode ser decorrente de anormalidades em diferentes locais do aparato valvar (cúspides, ânulo, cordas tendíneas e músculos papilares), podendo ser de etiologia congênita ou adquirida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A RM pode ser classificada ainda em primária, quando resultante de deformidade estrutural valvar, ou secundária, quando relacionada à outra doença cardíaca ou sistêmica. Em nosso meio, a principal causa de RM em escolares e adolescentes ainda é de causa adquirida. Dentre elas podemos citar a febre reumática (FR) e a endocardite bacteriana, que devem ser levadas em consideração no diagnóstico diferencial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Porém, anomalias congênitas, como prolapso de valva mitral (VM), <italic>cleft</italic> mitral (CM), VM em paraquedas e, muito raramente, fissura isolada da VM (FIVM) devem ser afastadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O diagnóstico etiológico da RM é muito importante para determinar o tratamento correto, uma vez que este pode ser clínico ou cirúrgico, com correção definitiva da lesão.</p>
				<p>Apresentamos o relato de um escolar com quadro clínico e ecocardiográfico inicialmente diagnosticado como FR aguda, demonstrando a importância da ecocardiografia no diagnóstico diferencial posterior da RM.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Descrição do caso clínico</title>
				<p>Escolar masculino, 8 anos de idade, foi internado em centro de terapia intensiva com quadro de cansaço de início agudo, febre baixa e palidez cutânea. Negava acometimento articular ou movimentos anormais. Relatava episódios anteriores de faringoamigdalite não relacionados com a moléstia atual e negava internação prévia ou acompanhamento pediátrico regular. História familiar negativa para FR. Ao exame, apresentava estado geral comprometido, febril, acianótico, anictérico, ausência de edemas em membros inferiores, pulsos periféricos cheios e simétricos, taquipneia moderada, crepitações inspiratórias em bases pulmonares e hepatomegalia dolorosa. À ausculta cardíaca, apresentava bulhas cardíacas em três tempos, segunda bulha hiperfonética, sopro holossistólico grau III-IV/VI, em área mitral irradiando-se para a axila. Exames laboratoriais evidenciaram leucocitose, aumento da proteína C reativa, da velocidade de hemossedimentação e dos níveis de antiestreptolisina O; as hemoculturas foram negativas. A radiografia do tórax evidenciava cardiomegalia moderada, às custas de câmaras esquerdas, além de congestão pulmonar. À eletrocardiografia, observava-se ritmo sinusal e sobrecarga de átrio esquerdo. Ao exame ecocardiográfico inicial foram diagnosticados RM importante, aumento de câmaras esquerdas e hipertensão pulmonar, sendo aventada provável etiologia reumática. O paciente recebeu tratamento para cardite reumática com corticoterapia, bem como tratamento clínico para insuficiência cardíaca. Após alta, foi encaminhado ao ambulatório de cardiologia pediátrica em uso de penicilina G benzatina 1.200.000 UI aplicada a cada 21 dias, furosemida, captopril e prednisona, permanecendo estável.</p>
				<p>Em controle ecocardiográfico, foi confirmado o diagnóstico de RM importante (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref>), aumento de câmaras esquerdas, hipertensão pulmonar (pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar estimada em 80 mmHg) e boa função sistólica de ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE 67%). Porém, na avaliação morfológica da VM, não havia espessamento e nem redução da mobilidade das cúspides (vídeo), sendo visibilizada uma descontinuidade no terço médio da cúspide anterior, medindo cerca de 4 mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2</xref>). Não havia alteração da valva aórtica.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– AD: átrio direito; VD: ventrículo direito; VE: ventrículo esquerdo. Seta aponta o local da fissura com imagem ColorDoppler compatível com regurgitação mitral importante.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e360-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– AD: átrio direito; VD: ventrículo direito; AE: átrio esquerdo; VE: ventrículo esquerdo; FA: Folheto anterior da valva mitral. Seta aponta o local da fissura.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e360-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>Foi indicada valvoplastia mitral e, durante o ato cirúrgico, foi identificada uma fissura em cúspide anterior da VM e alargamento do anel valvar. Foi realizada rafia da fissura e plicatura do anel valvar, sem intercorrências. Em seguimento evolutivo, a criança se mostrou assintomática, sem necessidade de medicações, com ausculta cardíaca normal e normalização das dimensões das câmaras cardíacas, da pressão pulmonar e presença de mínimo jato de RM.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>A cardite reumática corresponde à mais importante manifestação da FR aguda, ocorrendo em cerca de 40 a 70% dos casos. A VM é a primeira a ser acometida em praticamente 100% dos casos de cardite, manifestando-se como RM de diferentes graus.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Devido à epidemiologia da doença em nosso meio, esta deve sempre ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial de insuficiência cardíaca aguda e RM, especialmente na faixa etária pediátrica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Para o diagnóstico do primeiro surto de FR são necessárias duas manifestações maiores ou uma maior e duas menores, além de evidência de infecção prévia pelo estreptococos grupo A.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A criança do relato apresentava uma manifestação maior (cardite) e duas menores (febre e elevação das provas de fase de atividade inflamatória), e foi comprovada a estreptococia prévia por meio da dosagem da antiestreptolisina O. Dessa forma, recebeu tratamento para insuficiência cardíaca por cardite reumática aguda. Entretanto, uma análise detalhada da morfologia mitral evidenciou que o jato regurgitante originava-se de uma falha ao longo da cúspide anterior e, para tal, o diagnóstico mais provável seria a perfuração da cúspide secundária à endocardite bacteriana, fato não comprovado pelo achado cirúrgico que evidenciou aspecto compatível com fissura congênita isolada da VM.</p>
				<p>A FIVM é uma causa congênita rara de RM com uma incidência na população pediátrica de 1:1340, podendo ocorrer tanto na cúspide anterior quanto na posterior da VM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Ela pode ocorrer isoladamente ou em associação com outras lesões cardíacas congênitas, sendo as mais comuns a comunicação interventricular, a cordoalha acessória na via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo sem obstrução, a comunicação interatrial do tipo <italic>ostium secundum</italic> e a persistência do canal arterial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Quando associadas a outras lesões cardíacas, podem ser são mais sintomáticas e seu diagnóstico ocorre mais precocemente se comparado aos casos isolados de fissura. No entanto, após o advento da ecocardiografia bidimensional de alta resolução e da ecocardiografia tridimensional, o diagnóstico da FIVM tem sido cada vez mais precoce e mais reincidente que no passado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
				<p>O presente caso demonstra a importância do exame ecocardiográfico no diagnóstico diferencial da valvopatia mitral, mesmo naqueles pacientes que preencheram critérios clínicos para FR, evitando diagnóstico equivocado e todas as implicações em relação à profilaxia secundária e atraso no diagnóstico da verdadeira etiologia.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p>Vinculação Acadêmica</p>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</p>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="supported-by">
					<p>Fontes de Financiamento</p>
					<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>