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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.2023282i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.2023282i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Criss-Cross Heart: A Case Report</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4279-4681</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Potratz</surname><given-names>Mateus Oliveira</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Garbo</surname><given-names>Lorrayne Zonatele</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Pessimilio</surname><given-names>Kamila Pompermaier</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Loss</surname><given-names>Andr&#xE9; Silveira</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Ambrozim</surname><given-names>Crislane Belisario</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Lima</surname><given-names>Ana Luiza Teixeira Albert</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Rocha</surname><given-names>Danielle Lopes</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Esp&#xED;rito Santo</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#xE1;rio Cassiano Ant&#xF4;nio de Moraes</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Vit&#xF3;ria</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">ES</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#xE1;rio Cassiano Ant&#xF4;nio de Moraes, Universidade Federal do Esp&#xED;rito Santo (UFES), Vit&#xF3;ria, ES &#x2013; Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Evang&#xE9;lico de Vila Velha</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Vila Velha</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">ES</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Evang&#xE9;lico de Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES &#x2013; Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Estadual Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Vila Velha</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">ES</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Estadual Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIMABA), Vila Velha, ES &#x2013; Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Mateus Oliveira Potratz</bold> &#x2022; Hospital Universit&#xE1;rio Cassiano Ant&#xF4;nio de Moraes. Av. Marechal Campos, 1355. Postal code: <postal-code>29043-260</postal-code>. Santa Cecilia, Vit&#xF3;ria, ES &#x2013; Brazil E-mail: <email>mateusopotratz@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold></p>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other">
<p>Editor responsible for the review: Karen Saori Shiraishi Sawamura</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>31</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<elocation-id>e282</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>05</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2022</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>27</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2022</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>11</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<title>Abstract</title>
<p>Criss-cross heart was first described in 1974. It is a rare congenital heart malformation that occurs in 8 cases per 1,000,000 children, and represents only 0.1% of congenital malformations. The diagnostic methods of choice are transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), computed tomography angiography (CT) and, sometimes, cardiac catheterization. This report describes the case of a newborn with a criss-cross heart in addition to double-outlet right ventricle (RV), with poorly positioned vessels, in addition to atrial septal defect (ASD), interventricular septal defect, tricuspid valve dysplasia and persistent left superior vena cava. The exact etiology of this malformation is not known, but it seems to occur due to rotation of the ventricles in their longitudinal axis, not accompanied by rotation of the atrial and atrioventricular (AV) valves. This movement produces abnormal ventricular inlets, determining that the RV be positioned on a superior plane and the left ventricle on an inferior plane. Although the exact cause of this anomaly is still unknown, it is believed that a genetic abnormality may be leading to these cases: mutation of the Cx43 gene. Diagnosis of the case concerned was given by transthoracic echocardiography and computed CT of the aorta and pulmonary arteries, which showed, in addition to the criss-cross heart, other abnormalities, such as double-outlet RV, large ASD and ventricular septal defect (VSD).</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Congenital Heart Defects</kwd>
<kwd>Crisscross Heart</kwd>
<kwd>Heart Ventricles</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="16"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="13"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>Criss-cross heart was first described in 1974, although it had been reported in 1961.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> It is a rare congenital heart malformation that occurs in 8 cases per 1,000,000 children, and represents only 0.1% of congenital malformations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>Criss-cross heart appears when, during the embryonic period, the heart rotates around its own axis, resulting in an anterosuperior RV and a posteroinferior left ventricle. Due to the complex structural alteration, diagnosis is complicated, and the clinical picture depends on other congenital cardiac abnormalities, commonly present in cases of criss-cross heart.</p>
<p>The diagnostic methods of choice are transthoracic echocardiography, CMR imaging, computed CT and, occasionally, cardiac catheterization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Transthoracic echocardiography is usually the first test to be performed. It identifies the position and morphology of the four chambers and AV valves and the connections between vessels and chambers.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Furthermore, in the performance of this method, there is, dynamically, the impression that the atrium empties into the contralateral ventricle due to the crossing of blood flows.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> CMR imaging and computed CT provide more detailed information and on other planes, such as coronal, axial and sagittal positions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Cardiac catheterization may be necessary to assess intracavitary or vessel pressures and oxygenation in different locations, in addition to ruling out septal defects not seen in other scans.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>The malformation regarding the rotation of the heart itself does not indicate a surgical approach, however, most cases are associated with other anatomic abnormalities, which need to be evaluated individually to determine the conduct. The most frequent associated malformations include: tricuspid valve and right ventricular hypoplasia, VSD, ventricular arterial discordance and pulmonary stenosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
<p>In this report, we describe the case of a newborn with a criss-cross heart in addition to double-outlet RV, with poorly positioned vessels, in addition to ASD, interventricular septal defect, tricuspid valve dysplasia and persistent left superior vena cava.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Case report</title>
<p>Male child born on March 28, 2021, from home birth, was taken to a hospital in Colatina (ES) after birth, for evaluation. When examined by the attending physician, the heart test revealed an abnormality (saturation in the right upper limb = 92% and right lower limb = 92%). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed, suggesting a complex congenital heart disease with transposition of the great vessels with patent foramen ovale (PFO) ASD and large associated VSD.</p>
<p>Transferred to a reference pediatric cardiac surgery hospital in Vila Velha (ES) on March 30, 2021, for follow-up and treatment. Upon hospital admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), he had sucking issues, respiratory effort and drop in saturation during breastfeeding. On physical examination, he was afebrile, ruddy, acyanotic, diffuse toxic erythema, heart rate of 150 beats per minute, blood pressure of 60/35 mmHg in the right upper limb, 90/68 mmHg in the right lower limb, 79/47 mmHg in the left upper limb and 79/55 mmHg in the left lower limb, systolic ejection murmur ++/6+ in the left sternal border, in addition to mild subcostal retraction.</p>
<p>Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on March 31, 2021, which showed: situs solitus, levocardia; two-valve AV concordance with rotation of the AV connection and crossed ventricular inflow streams (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">2</xref>); double-outlet RV ventricular-arterial coupling (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>), with poorly positioned vessels; wide fossa ovalis ASD, 5.4 mm in its largest measurement, no flow acceleration, mean gradient of 1.7 mmHg, left-right flow; interventricular septum with overriding greater than 50% and apparent double infundibulum; large inlet VSD, 10 mm, no significant gradient; moderate dilation of the right chambers and mild RV hypertrophy; preserved biventricular systolic function assessed by qualitative analysis; dysplastic tricuspid valve with straddling and moderate regurgitation of this valve allowing estimating right ventricular systolic pressure at 55 mmHg, 8.5 mm tricuspid annulus; trivalvular aortic valve anterior and to the right, no significant systolic gradient, mild regurgitation; trivalvular pulmonary valve with no significant systolic gradient at the time, mid-systolic notch and mild regurgitation; discrete stenosis in the left pulmonary artery; persistent left superior vena cava.</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Echocardiographic image showing AD-RV connection rotation. RV: right ventricle; RA: right atrium.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Echocardiographic image showing LA-LV connection rotation. LA: left atrium.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf02.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figure 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Echocardiographic image showing double outflow of the RV. RV: right ventricle; AO: aorta; PT: pulmonary trunk.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf03.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>While in hospital, the child presented clinical and radiographic signs suggestive of pulmonary hyperflow. Adjustments were made to diuretic doses and computed CT of the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries was performed on April 8, 2021 for better anatomic evaluation and approach planning. The scan revealed: situs solitus; levocardia; concordant systemic and pulmonary venous couplings; luminal reduction of the ostium of the left internal pulmonary vein &#x2014; 6.4 mm&#xB2;; double RV outlet ventricular-arterial couplings (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4</xref>); left ventricle inferior to the RV (criss-cross) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 5</xref>); presence of a muscle band close to the aortic outflow tract; large inlet VSD; large ASD (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 6</xref>) and aortic arch on the left and abdominal aorta positioned on the left. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 7</xref> reveals three-dimensional tomography reconstruction showing rotation of the ventricles around the largest axis and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 8</xref> reveals normal AV couplings.</p>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figure 4</label>
<caption>
<title>Double Outlet RV. AO: aorta; PT: pulmonary trunk.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf04.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f5">
<label>Figure 5</label>
<caption>
<title>Left Ventricle Inferior to RV. RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf05.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f6">
<label>Figure 6</label>
<caption>
<title>Wide Interatrial Communication. RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf06.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f7">
<label>Figure 7</label>
<caption>
<title>Three-dimensional tomography reconstruction showing the rotation of the ventricles in the major axis. RV: right ventricle; VSD: ventricular septal defect; LV: left ventricle; LA: left atrium; RA: right atrium; LAA: left atrial appendix.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf07.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f8">
<label>Figure 8</label>
<caption>
<title>Tomography image showing normal AV connections. RV: right ventricle; RA: right atrium; LV: left ventricle; LA: left atrium.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf08.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>The patient underwent pulmonary artery banding cardiac surgery on April 20, 2021, uneventfully. In the immediate postoperative period, the patient developed supraventricular tachycardia, which improved after adjusting the temperature, required low-dose epinephrine, and presented oliguria requiring diuretic solution. The patient presented a positive outcome, allowing the diuretic solution and adrenaline to be suspended, and was extubated on April 22, 2021, uneventfully. Control transthoracic echocardiography on April 22, 2021 showed effective pulmonary banding.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussion</title>
<p>The exact etiology of this malformation is not known, but it seems to occur due to rotation of the ventricles around their longitudinal axis, not accompanied by atrial rotation and AV valve rotation. This movement produces abnormal ventricular inlets, determining that the RV be positioned on a superior plane and the left ventricle on an inferior plane.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The other anomalies normally found are hypoplasia of the right tricuspid valve, pulmonary stenosis, inlet VSD and abnormal ventricular-arterial coupling. Discordant coupling is more frequent, and double-outlet RV is rare.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
<p>Although the exact cause of this anomaly is not yet known, it is believed that a genetic abnormality may be leading to these cases &#x2014; mutation of the Cx43 gene &#x2014; and the exclusion of this gene would lead to a delay in the dextroposition of the heart, thus causing right ventricular defect, and not taking it into the correct position.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
<p>The diagnosis of the case in question was given by through transthoracic echocardiography and computed CT of the aorta and pulmonary arteries, which showed, in addition to criss-cross heart, other abnormalities, such as double-outlet RV, and large ASD and VSD. Due to the presence of double-outlet RV, in view of the high systemic resistance leading to the flow preferentially through the pulmonary trunk, with exacerbated pulmonary hyperflow, it was decided to perform the banding of the pulmonary arteries in order to increase or, at least, equalize the pulmonary resistance and, thus, cause the blood to be ejected preferentially to the systemic arterial bed instead of the pulmonary venous bed, thus protecting the pulmonary arterial vasculature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> The procedure was uneventful, but, due to other neonatal problems, the child had to remain hospitalized after hospital discharge from a cardiovascular point of view, but remained hemodynamically stable and in room air, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the procedure performed, in addition to the echocardiography postoperatively. An outpatient follow-up schedule was created so that, in the future, the best therapeutic strategy could be defined.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
<p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold></p>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
<p><bold>Study Association</bold></p>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
<p><bold>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</bold></p>
<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.2023282</article-id>   
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Relato de Caso</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o em <italic>Criss-Cross</italic>: Um Relato de Caso</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4279-4681</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Potratz</surname><given-names>Mateus Oliveira</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados e revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Garbo</surname><given-names>Lorrayne Zonatele</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados e revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Pessimilio</surname><given-names>Kamila Pompermaier</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Loss</surname><given-names>Andr&#xE9; Silveira</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Ambrozim</surname><given-names>Crislane Belisario</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Lima</surname><given-names>Ana Luiza Teixeira Albert</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Rocha</surname><given-names>Danielle Lopes</given-names></name>
<role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados e revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Vit&#xF3;ria</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">ES</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#xE1;rio Cassiano Ant&#xF4;nio de Moraes, Universidade Federal do Esp&#xED;rito Santo (UFES), Vit&#xF3;ria, ES &#x2013; Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Vila Velha</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">ES</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Evang&#xE9;lico de Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES &#x2013; Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Vila Velha</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">ES</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Estadual Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIMABA), Vila Velha, ES &#x2013; Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: Mateus Oliveira Potratz</bold> &#x2022; Hospital Universit&#xE1;rio Cassiano Ant&#xF4;nio de Moraes. Av. Marechal Campos, 1355. CEP: <postal-code>29043-260</postal-code>. Santa Cecilia, Vit&#xF3;ria, ES &#x2013; Brazil E-mail: <email>mateusopotratz@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold></p>
<p>Declaro n&#xE3;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other">
<p>Editor respons&#xE1;vel pela revis&#xE3;o: Karen Saori Shiraishi Sawamura</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<abstract>
<title>Resumo</title>
<p>Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o em <italic>criss-cross</italic> (ou cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o entrecruzado) foi descrito pela primeira vez em 1974. Trata-se de uma malforma&#xE7;&#xE3;o card&#xED;aca cong&#xEA;nita, rara, ocorrendo 8 casos a cada 1.000.000 de crian&#xE7;as, e representando somente 0,1% das malforma&#xE7;&#xF5;es cong&#xEA;nitas. Os m&#xE9;todos diagn&#xF3;sticos de escolha s&#xE3;o o ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico, a resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica card&#xED;aca (RMC), a angiotomografia (TC) e, eventualmente, o cateterismo card&#xED;aco. Neste relato, descreve-se o caso de um rec&#xE9;m-nascido com cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o em <italic>criss-cross</italic> somado &#xE0; dupla via de sa&#xED;da do ventr&#xED;culo direito (VD), com vasos mal posicionados, al&#xE9;m de comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o interatrial (CIA), comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o interventricular (CIV), displasia de valva tric&#xFA;spide e veia cava superior esquerda persistente. N&#xE3;o se sabe a etiologia exata dessa malforma&#xE7;&#xE3;o, mas parece ocorrer pela rota&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos ventr&#xED;culos em seu eixo longitudinal, n&#xE3;o acompanhada das rota&#xE7;&#xF5;es atrial e das valvas atrioventriculares (AV). Esse movimento produz uma altera&#xE7;&#xE3;o das vias de entrada dos ventr&#xED;culos, determinando que o VD se posicione em plano superior e o esquerdo em plano inferior. Apesar de ainda n&#xE3;o se saber a exata causa dessa anomalia, acredita-se que uma altera&#xE7;&#xE3;o gen&#xE9;tica possa estar levando a esses casos: a muta&#xE7;&#xE3;o do gene Cx43. O diagn&#xF3;stico do caso em quest&#xE3;o foi dado pela ecocardiografia transtor&#xE1;cica e da TC de aorta e art&#xE9;rias pulmonares, que mostraram, al&#xE9;m do <italic>criss-cross</italic>, outras altera&#xE7;&#xF5;es, como dupla via de sa&#xED;da do VD, CIA e CIV amplas.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#xEA;nitas</kwd>
<kwd>Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o Entrecruzado</kwd>
<kwd>Ventr&#xED;culos do Cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introdu&#xE7;&#xE3;o</title>
<p>O cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o em <italic>criss-cross</italic> (ou cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o entrecruzado) foi descrito pela primeira vez em 1974, apesar de j&#xE1; ter sido relatado em 1961.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Trata-se de uma malforma&#xE7;&#xE3;o card&#xED;aca cong&#xEA;nita, rara, ocorrendo 8 casos a cada 1.000.000 de crian&#xE7;as e representando somente 0,1% das malforma&#xE7;&#xF5;es cong&#xEA;nitas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>O cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o em <italic>criss-cross</italic> surge quando, no per&#xED;odo embrion&#xE1;rio, ocorre a rota&#xE7;&#xE3;o do &#xF3;rg&#xE3;o em torno do seu pr&#xF3;prio eixo, resultando em um VD anterossuperior e um ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo posteroinferior. Devido &#xE0; altera&#xE7;&#xE3;o estrutural complexa, o diagn&#xF3;stico se torna complicado, sendo o quadro cl&#xED;nico dependente de outras altera&#xE7;&#xF5;es card&#xED;acas cong&#xEA;nitas, comumente presentes em casos de cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o em <italic>criss-cross</italic>.</p>
<p>Os m&#xE9;todos diagn&#xF3;sticos de escolha s&#xE3;o o ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico, a RMC, a TC e, eventualmente, o cateterismo card&#xED;aco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> O ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico &#xE9;, geralmente, o primeiro exame a ser realizado. Nele, &#xE9; poss&#xED;vel identificar a posi&#xE7;&#xE3;o e a morfologia das quatro c&#xE2;maras e das valvas AV e as conex&#xF5;es entre vasos e c&#xE2;maras.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Al&#xE9;m disso, durante a realiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o desse m&#xE9;todo, h&#xE1;, dinamicamente, a impress&#xE3;o de que o &#xE1;trio esvazia-se para o ventr&#xED;culo contralateral em decorr&#xEA;ncia do cruzamento dos fluxos sangu&#xED;neos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A RMC e a TC fornecem informa&#xE7;&#xF5;es mais detalhadas e em outros planos, como nas posi&#xE7;&#xF5;es coronal, axial e sagital.<italic>9</italic> J&#xE1; o cateterismo card&#xED;aco pode ser necess&#xE1;rio para avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o de press&#xF5;es intracavit&#xE1;rias ou nos vasos e da oxigena&#xE7;&#xE3;o em diferentes localidades, al&#xE9;m de descartar defeitos septais n&#xE3;o vistos em outros exames.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>A malforma&#xE7;&#xE3;o quanto &#xE0; rota&#xE7;&#xE3;o do cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o em si n&#xE3;o indica abordagem cir&#xFA;rgica, por&#xE9;m, a maioria dos casos est&#xE1; associada a outras altera&#xE7;&#xF5;es anat&#xF4;micas, que precisam ser avaliadas individualmente para se definir a conduta. Entre as malforma&#xE7;&#xF5;es associadas mais frequentes, podemos citar: hipoplasia de v&#xE1;lvula tric&#xFA;spide e VD, CIV, discord&#xE2;ncia ventr&#xED;culo arterial e estenose pulmonar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
<p>Neste relato, descreve-se o caso de um rec&#xE9;m-nascido com cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o em <italic>criss-cross</italic> somado &#xE0; dupla via de sa&#xED;da do VD, com vasos mal posicionados, al&#xE9;m de comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o interatrial, CIV, displasia de valva tric&#xFA;spide e veia cava superior esquerda persistente.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Relato de caso</title>
<p>Crian&#xE7;a nascida no dia 28/03/2021, de parto domiciliar, sexo masculino, foi levada a um hospital de Colatina (ES) ap&#xF3;s o nascimento, para avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o. Ao ser examinada pelo m&#xE9;dico assistente, foi encontrada altera&#xE7;&#xE3;o no teste do cora&#xE7;&#xE3;ozinho (satura&#xE7;&#xE3;o no membro superior direito = 92% e membro inferior direito = 92%). Feito ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico, aventou-se a hip&#xF3;tese de cardiopatia cong&#xEA;nita complexa com transposi&#xE7;&#xE3;o de grandes vasos com CIA tipo forame oval patente (FOP) e grande CIV associada.</p>
<p>Transferido para hospital de refer&#xEA;ncia em cirurgia card&#xED;aca pedi&#xE1;trica em Vila Velha (ES), em 30/03/2021, para seguimento e tratamento. Apresentava &#xE0; admiss&#xE3;o hospitalar na unidade de terapia intensiva pedi&#xE1;trica (UTIP) dificuldade de suc&#xE7;&#xE3;o, esfor&#xE7;o respirat&#xF3;rio e queda de satura&#xE7;&#xE3;o durante as mamadas. Ao exame f&#xED;sico, afebril, corado, acian&#xF3;tico, eritema t&#xF3;xico difuso, com frequ&#xEA;ncia card&#xED;aca de 150 batimentos por minuto, press&#xE3;o arterial de 60/35 mmHg em membro superior direito, 90/68 mmHg em membro inferior direito, 79/47 mmHg em membro superior esquerdo e 79/55 mmHg em membro inferior esquerdo, sopro sist&#xF3;lico ejetivo ++/6+ em borda esternal esquerda, al&#xE9;m de retra&#xE7;&#xE3;o subcostal leve.</p>
<p>Realizado ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico em 31/03/2021, que evidenciou: <italic>situs solitus, levocardia</italic>; concord&#xE2;ncia AV modo duas valvas com rota&#xE7;&#xE3;o da conex&#xE3;o AV e entrecruzamento dos fluxos de entrada dos ventr&#xED;culos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f9">Figuras 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">2</xref>); conex&#xE3;o ventr&#xED;culo arterial tipo dupla via de sa&#xED;da do VD (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f11">Figura 3</xref>), com vasos mal posicionados; CIA tipo fossa oval ampla, 5,4 mm em sua maior medida, sem acelera&#xE7;&#xE3;o de fluxo, com gradiente m&#xE9;dio de 1,7 mmHg, fluxo esquerda-direita; septo interventricular com cavalgamento maior que 50% e aparente duplo infund&#xED;bulo; CIV ampla tipo via de entrada, 10 mm, sem gradiente significativo; dilata&#xE7;&#xE3;o moderada das c&#xE2;maras direitas e hipertrofia discreta do VD; fun&#xE7;&#xE3;o sist&#xF3;lica biventricular preservada &#xE0; an&#xE1;lise qualitativa; valva tric&#xFA;spide displ&#xE1;sica, com <italic>straddling</italic> e insufici&#xEA;ncia moderada desta valva permitindo estimar a press&#xE3;o sist&#xF3;lica do VD em 55 mmHg, anel tric&#xFA;spide medindo 8,5 mm; valva a&#xF3;rtica trivalvular anterior e &#xE0; direita, sem gradiente sist&#xF3;lico significativo, com insufici&#xEA;ncia discreta; valva pulmonar trivalvular, sem gradiente sist&#xF3;lico significativo no momento, com entalhe mesossist&#xF3;lico e insufici&#xEA;ncia discreta; estenose discreta em art&#xE9;ria pulmonar esquerda; veia cava superior esquerda persistente.</p>
<fig id="f9">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Imagem ecocardiogr&#xE1;fica mostrando rota&#xE7;&#xE3;o de conex&#xE3;o AD-VD. VD: ventr&#xED;culo direito; AD: &#xE1;trio direito.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf01-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f10">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Imagem ecocardiogr&#xE1;fica mostrando rota&#xE7;&#xE3;o de conex&#xE3;o AE-VE. AE: &#xE1;trio esquerdo.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf02-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f11">
<label>Figura 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Imagem ecocardiogr&#xE1;fica revelando dupla via de sa&#xED;da do VD. VD: ventr&#xED;culo direito; AO: Aorta; TP: Tronco Pulmonar.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf03-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>A crian&#xE7;a evoluiu durante a interna&#xE7;&#xE3;o com sinais cl&#xED;nicos e radiogr&#xE1;ficos sugestivos de hiperfluxo pulmonar, sendo realizados ajustes de doses de diur&#xE9;ticos e realizada TC de aorta tor&#xE1;cica e art&#xE9;rias pulmonares, em 08/04/2021, para melhor avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o anat&#xF4;mica e programa&#xE7;&#xE3;o de abordagem. Nesse exame, foi encontrado: <italic>situs solitus</italic>; levocardia; conex&#xF5;es venosas sist&#xEA;micas e pulmonares concordantes; redu&#xE7;&#xE3;o luminal do &#xF3;stio da veia pulmonar interna esquerda &#x2013; &#xE1;rea de 6,4 mm&#xB2;; conex&#xF5;es ventr&#xED;culo arteriais tipo dupla via de sa&#xED;da do VD (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f12">Figura 4</xref>); ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo inferior ao VD (presen&#xE7;a de <italic>criss-cross</italic>) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f13">Figura 5</xref>); presen&#xE7;a de banda muscular pr&#xF3;xima &#xE0; via de sa&#xED;da para aorta; CIV tipo via de entrada ampla; CIA ampla (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f14">Figura 6</xref>) e arco a&#xF3;rtico &#xE0; esquerda e aorta abdominal posicionada &#xE0; esquerda. Na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f15">Figura 7</xref>, tem-se uma reconstru&#xE7;&#xE3;o tridimensional por tomografia evidenciando a rota&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos ventr&#xED;culos no maior eixo e, na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f16">8</xref>, as conex&#xF5;es AV normais.</p>
<fig id="f12">
<label>Figura 4</label>
<caption>
<title>Dupla Via de Sa&#xED;da do VD. AO: Aorta; TP: Tronco Pulmonar.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf04-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f13">
<label>Figura 5</label>
<caption>
<title>Ventr&#xED;culo Esquerdo Inferior ao VD. VD: ventr&#xED;culo direito; VE: ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf05-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f14">
<label>Figura 6</label>
<caption>
<title>ICIA Ampla. AD: &#xE1;trio direito; AE: &#xE1;trio esquerdo.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf06-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f15">
<label>Figura 7</label>
<caption>
<title>Reconstru&#xE7;&#xE3;o tridimensional por tomografia evidenciando a rota&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos ventr&#xED;culos no maior eixo. VD: ventr&#xED;culo direito; CIV: comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o interventricular; VE: ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo; AE: &#xE1;trio esquerdo; AD: &#xE1;trio direito; AAE: Ap&#xEA;ndice atrial esquerdo.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf07-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f16">
<label>Figura 8</label>
<caption>
<title>Imagem de tomografia evidenciando as conex&#xF5;es AV normais. VD: ventr&#xED;culo direito; AD: &#xE1;trio direito; VE: ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo; AE: &#xE1;trio esquerdo.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-36-01-e282-gf08-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>O paciente foi submetido &#xE0; cirurgia card&#xED;aca do tipo bandagem de art&#xE9;rias pulmonares em 20/04/2021, sem intercorr&#xEA;ncias. Evoluiu no p&#xF3;s-operat&#xF3;rio imediato com taquicardia supraventricular, com melhora ap&#xF3;s ajuste de temperatura, necessitou de adrenalina em dose baixa e apresentou olig&#xFA;ria com necessidade de solu&#xE7;&#xE3;o diur&#xE9;tica. Teve evolu&#xE7;&#xE3;o satisfat&#xF3;ria, possibilitando suspender a solu&#xE7;&#xE3;o diur&#xE9;tica e a adrenalina, sendo extubado em 22/04/2021 sem intercorr&#xEA;ncias. Ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico de controle em 22/04/2021 evidenciando bandagem pulmonar efetiva.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion|cases">
<title>Discuss&#xE3;o do caso</title>
<p>N&#xE3;o se sabe a etiologia exata dessa malforma&#xE7;&#xE3;o, mas parece ocorrer pela rota&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos ventr&#xED;culos em seu eixo longitudinal, n&#xE3;o acompanhado das rota&#xE7;&#xF5;es atrial e das valvas AV. Esse movimento produz uma altera&#xE7;&#xE3;o das vias de entrada dos ventr&#xED;culos, determinando que o VD se posicione em plano superior e o esquerdo em plano inferior.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> As outras anomalias normalmente encontradas s&#xE3;o a hipoplasia da valva tric&#xFA;spide direita, estenose pulmonar, CIV de via de entrada e altera&#xE7;&#xF5;es da conex&#xE3;o ventriculoarterial. A conex&#xE3;o do tipo discordante &#xE9; mais frequente, sendo rara a dupla via de sa&#xED;da do VD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
<p>Apesar de ainda n&#xE3;o se saber a exata causa dessa anomalia, acredita-se que uma altera&#xE7;&#xE3;o gen&#xE9;tica possa estar levando a esses casos &#x2014; a muta&#xE7;&#xE3;o do gene Cx43 &#x2014; sendo que a exclus&#xE3;o desse gene levaria a um atraso na dextroposi&#xE7;&#xE3;o do cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o, causando, assim, um defeito ventricular direito, e n&#xE3;o o levando para a posi&#xE7;&#xE3;o correta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
<p>O diagn&#xF3;stico do caso em quest&#xE3;o foi dado por meio da ecocardiografia transtor&#xE1;cica e da TC de aorta e art&#xE9;rias pulmonares, que mostraram, al&#xE9;m do <italic>criss-cross</italic>, outras altera&#xE7;&#xF5;es como dupla via de sa&#xED;da do VD, CIA e CIV amplas. Devido &#xE0; presen&#xE7;a de dupla via de sa&#xED;da de VD, tendo em vista a alta resist&#xEA;ncia sist&#xEA;mica levando ao fluxo preferencialmente atrav&#xE9;s do tronco pulmonar, com cl&#xED;nica de hiperfluxo pulmonar exacerbada, optou-se por realizar a bandagem das art&#xE9;rias pulmonares com o intuito de aumentar ou, pelo menos, igualar a resist&#xEA;ncia pulmonar e, dessa forma, fazer com que o sangue fosse ejetado preferencialmente para leito arterial sist&#xEA;mico ao inv&#xE9;s do leito venoso pulmonar, protegendo desta forma a vasculatura arterial pulmonar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> O procedimento ocorreu sem intercorr&#xEA;ncias, mas, devido a outros problemas neonatais, a crian&#xE7;a precisou permanecer internada ap&#xF3;s a alta hospitalar do ponto de vista cardiovascular, por&#xE9;m mantendo-se hemodinamicamente est&#xE1;vel e em ar ambiente, o que demonstra a efetividade do procedimento realizado, al&#xE9;m do ecocardiograma no per&#xED;odo p&#xF3;s-operat&#xF3;rio. Elaborou-se uma programa&#xE7;&#xE3;o de acompanhamento ambulatorial para que, no futuro, possa ser definida a melhor estrat&#xE9;gia terap&#xEA;utica.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn4">
<p><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold></p>
<p>O presente estudo n&#xE3;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
<p><bold>Vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o Acad&#xEA;mica</bold></p>
<p>N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o deste estudo a programas de p&#xF3;s-gradua&#xE7;&#xE3;o.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
<p><bold>Aprova&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xC9;tica e Consentimento Informado</bold></p>
<p>Este artigo n&#xE3;o cont&#xE9;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
</back>
</sub-article>
</article>
