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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Imagem cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20223501eabc267</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Role of Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Double Aortic Arch</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Souza</surname>
						<given-names>Guilherme Gomes de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Guimarães</surname>
						<given-names>Adriana Furletti Machado</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Wang</surname>
						<given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Castilho</surname>
						<given-names>Sandra Regina Tolentino</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Tonelli</surname>
						<given-names>Henrique de Assis Fonseca</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Araújo</surname>
						<given-names>Fátima Derlene da Rocha</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Clínicas</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">Minas Gerais</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Guilherme Gomes de Souza •</bold> Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 110, Santa Efigênia. CEP: 30130-100 – Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. E-mail: <email>gomesguilherme22@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Author’s contributions</p>
					<p>Research conception and design: Souza GG; Data collection: Wang R; Data analysis and interpretation: Guimarães AFM, Castilho SRT; Manuscript writing: Guimarães AFM, Souza GG; Critical review of the manuscript for intellectual content: Tonelli HAF, Araújo FDR.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Conflict of interest</p>
					<p>The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>04</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>35</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>eabc267</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>1</day>
					<month>11</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>19</day>
					<month>11</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>25</day>
					<month>11</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Vascular ring</kwd>
				<kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
				<kwd>Heart Defects</kwd>
				<kwd>Congenital</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="6"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="10"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Double aortic arch is the main cause of vascular ring in cardiovascular surgical case series records. This rare anomaly, caused by the non-involution of one of the embryonic aortic arches, is a challenge for the pediatric echocardiographer, often requiring other imaging methods such as computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance. This case report aimed to systematize echocardiographic findings to help diagnose double aortic arch.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>Case report</title>
			<p>A full-term newborn was born vaginally at 38 weeks’ gestation with a birth weight of 3,390 g, and an APGAR 9/10. In the first hours of life, the patient presented respiratory discomfort associated with stridor, wheezing, and increased expiratory time requiring orotracheal intubation and high mechanical ventilation parameters. Chest X-ray showed signs of pulmonary hyperinflation.</p>
			<p>The mother reported home contact with a confirmed case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 approximately 15 days before delivery. A cardiac evaluation was requested due to the possibility of pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, but this was not confirmed later. A cardiovascular system examination detected no changes.</p>
			<p>Echocardiography showed coronary artery diameters within the upper limit of normal and an echogenic focus on the left coronary artery wall, preserved cardiac function, and no signs of significant pulmonary hypertension. An aortic arch to the left was visualized in longitudinal suprasternal section with the probe index pointed at 1 o’clock with the emergence of two vessels. Directing the probe index to 11 o’clock revealed another aortic arch of equal diameter with the emergence of two vessels. A double aortic arch forming a complete vascular ring was suggested.</p>
			<p>Chest computed tomography angiography confirmed the presence of a tracheoesophageal vascular ring resulting from a balanced double aortic arch associated with tracheal stenosis.</p>
			<p>The patient underwent surgical resection of the right aortic arch and release of tracheal compression that postoperatively progressed with extubation failure. Bronchoscopy showed 80% obstruction of the tracheal lumen during inspiration due to tracheomalacia for which a tracheostomy was indicated.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>Vascular rings represent less than 1% of all congenital heart diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Double aortic arch, the most frequent type of vascular ring,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> is caused by an embryogenic anomaly with persistent right and left fourth embryonic aortic arches.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
			<p>These two patent arches resulted in a bifurcated ascending aorta, whose branches encircle the trachea and esophagus and posteriorly join to form a single descending aorta, forming a ring around these structures that can cause compression.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The right arch is often dominant (75%), with only 5% of cases presenting both arches of equal size as in the case reported here.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			<p>In most cases, double aortic arch occurs as an isolated lesion, although it may be associated with other malformations such as tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and transposition of the great arteries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In cases of significant tracheal and esophageal compression, symptoms such as stridor, dyspnea, respiratory failure, and feeding difficulties may be observed soon after birth.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
			<p>On the other hand, if compression is minimal, the vascular ring will be accidentally diagnosed in asymptomatic adults.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Treatment is reserved for symptomatic cases and consists of surgical resection of one of the aortic arches, preferably the smaller one.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> However, after tracheal compression release, respiratory symptoms may persist in a significant number of children (54%) due to tracheomalacia, as in the case described in this report.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Although computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are essential for confirming the diagnosis and surgical planning, an initial assessment with transthoracic echocardiography allows the identification of the double arch as in the case reported. Furthermore, it has the advantages of low cost and not requiring the use of contrast, sedation, or radiation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
			<p>This report presents a systematic approach to diagnosing double aortic arch through transthoracic echocardiography, focusing on its presentation pattern in the different echocardiographic windows. A careful assessment of the aortic arch with determination of its laterality and the branching pattern of brachiocephalic vessels is essential for identifying a double aortic arch by echocardiographic examination.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			<sec>
				<title>Longitudinal parasternal window</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Standard section - probe index pointing at 1 o’clock</title>
					<p>Visualization of the aortic arch to the left without the normal branching pattern and origination of two vessels - the left subclavian and common carotid arteries; however, it is impossible to demonstrate the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1A</xref> ); and</p>
					<p>
						<fig id="f01">
							<label>Figure 1</label>
							<caption>
								<title>– Echocardiographic image in longitudinal suprasternal section with the probe index pointing at (A) 1 o’clock showing a left arch originating the left subclavian and common carotid arteries and at (B) 11 o’clock showing an aortic arch of the same caliber originating the right subclavian and common carotid arteries. Comparative image with CT angiography.</title>
							</caption>
							<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc267-gf01.tif"/>
							<attrib>LC, left carotid; LSC, left subclavian; RC, right carotid; RSC, right subclavian.</attrib>
						</fig>
					</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Counterclockwise rotation of the transducer - probe index pointing at 11 o’clock</title>
					<p>Visualization of a similar image with an aortic arch to the right and origination of the two vessels - the right subclavian and common carotid arteries<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1B</xref> ).</p>
					<p>Cross-sectional parasternal window</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Probe index pointing at 3 o’clock and with cephalic tilt</title>
					<p>Identification of the ascending aorta bifurcating into the left and right aortic arches, with blood flow visualization by color Doppler in both arches<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2A</xref> ); and</p>
					<p>
						<fig id="f02">
							<label>Figure 2</label>
							<caption>
								<title>– Echocardiographic image in cross-sectional suprasternal section showing (A) the ascending aorta bifurcated into the right and left arches and (B) simultaneous identification of the four brachiocephalic vessels - the “four-vessel sign” characteristic of a double aortic arch. Comparative image on computed tomography angiography.</title>
							</caption>
							<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc267-gf02.tif"/>
							<attrib>LAA, left aortic arch; LC, left carotid; LSC, left subclavian; RAA, right aortic arch; RC, right carotid; RSC, right subclavian.</attrib>
						</fig>
					</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Most superior ultrasound beam tilt</title>
					<p>Possible simultaneous identification of the four brachiocephalic vessels, two in each arch. This image is characteristic of the double aortic arch - the “four-vessel sign”<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2B</xref> ).</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>Subcostal or five-chamber apical window</title>
			<sec>
				<title>Visualization of a bifurcated ascending aorta similar to the pulmonary artery bifurcation</title>
				<p>The aorta bifurcation into the double arch is seen at a significant distance from the aortic valve plane (about 4–4.5 cm) as opposed to the early bifurcation seen in the transposition of the great arteries, type I truncus, hemitruncus, and aortopulmonary window<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3</xref> ).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f03">
						<label>Figure 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Subcostal echocardiographic image of the left ventricular outflow tract showing bifurcation of the ascending aorta into the right and left arches at a significant distance from the aortic valve plane. Comparative image on computed tomography angiography.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc267-gf03.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>Echocardiography is the ideal method of screening for double aortic arch due to being non-invasive, easily performed, and of low cost. The presence of an aortic arch on the right or left with a normal innominate artery branching pattern into the carotid and subclavian arteries or originating separately from the four cephalic vessels of the same arch excludes the presence of a double aortic arch. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography should be reserved for diagnostic confirmation and preoperative planning.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Papel da Ecocardiografia Transtorácica no Diagnóstico de Duplo Arco Aórtico</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Souza</surname>
						<given-names>Guilherme Gomes de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Guimarães</surname>
						<given-names>Adriana Furletti Machado</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Wang</surname>
						<given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Castilho</surname>
						<given-names>Sandra Regina Tolentino</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Tonelli</surname>
						<given-names>Henrique de Assis Fonseca</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Araújo</surname>
						<given-names>Fátima Derlene da Rocha</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Clínicas</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital das Clínicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil .</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">Correspondência: Guilherme Gomes de Souza • Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 110, Santa Efigênia. CEP: 30130-100 – Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil E-mail: gomesguilherme22@gmail.com</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Contribuição dos autores</p>
					<p>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa: Souza GG; obtenção de dados: Wang R; análise e interpretação dos dados: Guimarães AFM e Castilho SRT; redação do manuscrito: Guimarães AFM e Souza GG; revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual: Tonelli HAF e Araújo FDR.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Conflito de interesses</p>
					<p>Os autores declaram não terem conflitos de interesse.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Anel vascular</kwd>
				<kwd>Ecocardiografia transtorácica</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiopatias congênitas</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>O duplo arco aórtico é a principal causa de anel vascular em registros de séries de casos cirúrgicos cardiovasculares. Essa anomalia rara, oriunda da não involução de um dos arcos aórticos embrionários, é um desafio para o ecocardiografista pediátrico, sendo necessário muitas vezes o emprego de outros métodos de imagem, como tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética cardíaca.</p>
				<p>O objetivo deste relato de caso foi sistematizar os achados do exame ecocardiográfico para auxiliar o diagnóstico de duplo arco aórtico.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Relato do caso</title>
				<p>Recém-nascido a termo, 38 semanas de idade gestacional, peso de nascimento de 3.390g, parto normal, APGAR 9/10, sem intercorrências. Nas primeiras horas de vida, apresentou desconforto respiratório, associado a estridor, sibilos e aumento do tempo expiratório, com necessidade de intubação orotraqueal e altos parâmetros de ventilação mecânica. O estudo radiológico do tórax evidenciou sinais de hiperinsuflação pulmonar.</p>
				<p>A mãe relatou contato domiciliar com caso confirmado de coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (Sars-Cov 2) cerca de 15 dias antes do parto, sendo solicitada avaliação cardiológica, devido à possibilidade de síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica pediátrica, não confirmada posteriormente. O exame do aparelho cardiovascular não demonstrou alterações.</p>
				<p>O exame ecocardiográfico mostrou artérias coronárias com diâmetros no limite superior da normalidade e hiperrefringência das paredes da coronária esquerda, além de função cardíaca preservada, sem sinais de hipertensão pulmonar significativa. No corte supraesternal longitudinal, com índice da sonda apontado para 1 hora, foi visibilizado um arco aórtico para esquerda, com emergência de dois vasos. Ao direcionar o índice da sonda para 11 horas, foi identificado outro arco aórtico de igual diâmetro, com emergência de dois vasos. Aventou-se hipótese de duplo arco aórtico formando um anel vascular completo.</p>
				<p>Uma angiotomografia computadorizada de tórax, realizada para comprovação diagnóstica e planejamento cirúrgico, confirmou a presença de um anel vascular traqueoesofágico, decorrente de duplo arco aórtico balanceado, associado à estenose traqueal.</p>
				<p>A criança foi submetida à ressecção cirúrgica do arco aórtico direito e à liberação da compressão traqueal, evoluindo no pós-operatório com falha de extubação. Foi realizada broncoscopia, que mostrou obstrução de 80% da luz traqueal durante inspiração, devido à presença de traqueomalácia, sendo indicada traqueostomia.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>Os anéis vasculares representam menos de 1% do total das cardiopatias congênitas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
				<p>O duplo arco aórtico, tipo mais frequente de anel vascular,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> é causado por uma anomalia na embriogênese, quando há persistência dos quartos arcos aórticos embrionários direito e esquerdo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Esses dois arcos patentes resultam em uma aorta ascendente bifurcada, cujos ramos, ao circundarem a traqueia e o esôfago e se juntarem posteriormente para formar uma única aorta descendente, formam um anel em volta dessas estruturas, podendo causar compressão.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Geralmente, o arco direito é dominante (75%), e apenas em 5% dos casos eles são iguais em tamanho, como no caso relatado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
				<p>O duplo arco aórtico, na maioria das vezes, ocorre como uma lesão isolada, embora possa estar associado a outras malformações, como tetralogia de Fallot, <italic>truncus arteriosus</italic> e transposição das grandes artérias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Nos casos de compressão significativa da traqueia e do esôfago, sintomas como estridor, dispneia, insuficiência respiratória e dificuldade de alimentação podem ser observados logo após o nascimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Por outro lado, se a compressão é mínima, o anel vascular será diagnosticado acidentalmente em adultos assintomáticos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
				<p>O tratamento, reservado para os casos sintomáticos, consiste na ressecção cirúrgica de um dos arcos aórticos – preferencialmente o de menor calibre.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Entretanto, após liberação da compressão traqueal, os sintomas respiratórios podem persistir em um número significativo de crianças (54%), devido à presença de traqueomalácia, como no caso descrito.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Embora a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética cardíaca sejam fundamentais para confirmação diagnóstica e planejamento cirúrgico, a avaliação inicial, por meio da ecocardiografia transtorácica, permite identificação do duplo arco, como observado no caso descrito. Além disso, apresenta a vantagem de ser de baixo custo e não necessitar de uso de contraste, sedação ou radiação.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Neste relato, apresentou-se uma abordagem sistemática para diagnóstico de duplo arco aórtico por meio da ecocardiografia transtorácica, com foco no padrão de apresentação nas diferentes janelas ecocardiográficas.</p>
				<p>Para identificação de um duplo arco aórtico, pelo exame ecocardiográfico, é importante realizar uma avaliação cuidadosa do arco aórtico, determinando sua lateralidade e o padrão de ramificação dos vasos braquiocefálicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
				<sec>
					<title>Janela supraesternal longitudinal</title>
					<sec>
						<title>Corte padrão – índice da sonda apontando para 1 hora</title>
						<p>Visualização do arco aórtico para esquerda, sem o padrão de ramificação normal, dando origem a dois vasos – artérias subclávia e carótida comum esquerdas, não sendo possível demonstrar a origem do tronco braquiocefálico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1A</xref> )</p>
						<p>
							<fig id="f01002">
								<label>Figura 1</label>
								<caption>
									<title>– Imagem ecocardiográfica em corte supraesternal longitudinal com o índice da sonda apontando para (A) 1 hora, mostrando um arco esquerdo, dando origem às artérias subclávia e carótida comum esquerdas, e para (B) 11 horas, revelando um arco aórtico, de igual calibre, dando origem às artérias subclávia e carótida comum direitas. Imagem comparativa com angiotomografia.</title>
								</caption>
								<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc267-gf01-pt.tif"/>
								<attrib>CE: carótida esquerda; SCE: subclávia esquerda; CD: carótida direita; SCD: subclávia direita.</attrib>
							</fig>
						</p>
					</sec>
					<sec>
						<title>Rotação anti-horária do transdutor – índice da sonda apontando para 11 horas</title>
						<p>Visualização de uma imagem semelhante, com um arco aórtico para direita, também dando origem a dois vasos – artérias subclávia e carótida comum direitas<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1B</xref> ).</p>
					</sec>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Janela supraesternal transversal</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Índice da sonda apontando para 3 horas e com inclinação cefálica</title>
					<p>Identificação da aorta ascendente bifurcada nos arcos aórticos esquerdo e direito, com visualização do fluxo sanguíneo pelo color Doppler para ambos os arcos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2A</xref> ).</p>
					<p>
						<fig id="f02002">
							<label>Figura 2</label>
							<caption>
								<title>– Imagem ecocardiográfica em corte supraesternal transversal mostrando (A) aorta ascendente bifurcada nos arcos direito e esquerdo e (B) identificação simultânea dos quatro vasos braquiocefálicos – “sinal de quatro vasos”, característico de duplo arco aórtico. Imagem comparativa com angiotomografia.</title>
							</caption>
							<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc267-gf02-pt.tif"/>
							<attrib>AAD: arco aórtico direito; AAE: arco aórtico esquerdo; Ao: aorta ascendente.</attrib>
							<attrib>CD: carótida direita; CE: carótida esquerda; AAD: arco aórtico direito; AAE: arco aórtico esquerdo; SCD: subclávia direita; SCE: subclávia esquerda.</attrib>
						</fig>
					</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Inclinação mais superior do feixe de ultrassom</title>
					<p>Possível identificação simultânea dos quatro vasos braquiocefálicos, dois em cada arco. Essa imagem é característica do duplo arco aórtico – “sinal dos ٤ vasos”<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2B</xref> ).</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Janela subcostal ou apical 5 câmaras</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Visibilização de uma aorta ascendente bifurcada, semelhante à bifurcação da artéria pulmonar</title>
					<p>A bifurcação da aorta no duplo arco é vista a uma distância significativa do plano valvar aórtico (cerca de 4 cm a 4,5 cm), ao contrário da bifurcação precoce vista na transposição de grandes artérias, truncus tipo I, hemitruncus e janela aortopulmonar<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03002">Figura 3</xref> ).</p>
					<p>
						<fig id="f03002">
							<label>Figura 3</label>
							<caption>
								<title>– Imagem ecocardiográfica em corte subcostal da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo mostrando bifurcação da aorta ascendente nos arcos direito e esquerdo, a uma distância significativa do plano valvar aórtico. Imagem comparativa com angiotomografia.</title>
							</caption>
							<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc267-gf03-pt.tif"/>
							<attrib>AAD: arco aórtico direito; AAE: arco aórtico esquerdo; Ao: aorta ascendete.</attrib>
						</fig>
					</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>O exame ecocardiográfico, por sua natureza não invasiva, de fácil acesso e baixo custo, é o método ideal para rastreamento do duplo arco aórtico. A presença de um arco aórtico, seja à direita ou à esquerda, com padrão de ramificação normal da artéria inominada em artérias carótida e subclávia ou origem separadamente dos quatro vasos cefálicos do mesmo arco, exclui a presença de duplo arco aórtico. Ressonância magnética cardíaca e tomografia computadorizada devem ser reservadas para confirmação do diagnóstico e planejamento pré-operatório.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
	</sub-article>
</article>