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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Imagem cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20223501eabc225</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Images</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Incidental Finding of Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Dalio</surname>
						<given-names>Marcelo Bellini</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Bohatch</surname>
						<given-names>Milton Sérgio</given-names>
						<suffix>Júnior</suffix>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Oliveira</surname>
						<given-names>Tércio Ferreira de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Maurício Serra</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Joviliano</surname>
						<given-names>Edwaldo Edner</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">University of São Paulo</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Ribeirão Preto Medical School of Medicine</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Ribeirão Preto</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">São Paulo</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Marcelo Bellini Dalio •</bold> Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 9º andar, Campus Universitário - Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. CEP: 14048900 E-mail: <email>mbdalio@usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Authors’ contribution</p>
					<p>Conception and design: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF; Analysis and interpretation: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE; Data collection: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF; Writing the article: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE; Critical revision of the article: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE; Final approval of the article: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE; Agreement to be accountable: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Conflict of interest</p>
					<p>The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>04</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>35</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>eabc225</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>7</day>
					<month>6</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>7</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>8</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Iliac vein compression</kwd>
				<kwd>syndrome, May-Thurner</kwd>
				<kwd>Cockett</kwd>
				<kwd>Asymptomatic Diseases</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="6"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="6"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>A 49-year-old woman presented with a progressive history of bilateral buttock and calf intermittent claudication, reaching a walking distance of 10 m. She was a smoker and had hypertension. She had no history of venous thrombosis, leg edema, varicose veins, or signs of chronic venous disease. Her femoral pulses were absent. Computed tomography angiography showed occlusion of the infrarenal aorta with recanalization of both iliac arteries. Interestingly, the right common iliac artery compressed the left common iliac vein, which was enlarged ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref> ). Left-sided dilated pelvic collaterals were observed: uterine and gonadal veins ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref> ). There was no compression on the left renal vein.</p>
		<p>
			<fig id="f01">
				<label>Figure 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>– Computed tomography angiography of coronal sections showing occlusion of the infrarenal aorta with recanalization of both iliac arteries. The right common iliac artery compressed the left common iliac vein, which was enlarged (black arrowhead).</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc225-gf01.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</p>
		<p>
			<fig id="f02">
				<label>Figure 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>– Computed tomography angiography in coronal section showing left-sided dilated pelvic collaterals: uterine veins (white arrow) and gonadal vein (black arrow).</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc225-gf02.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</p>
		<p>She underwent an aorto-bi-iliac bypass with Dacron without complications. The left common iliac vein was distended and was tightly compressed when it passed behind the right common iliac artery ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3</xref> ). As the patient had no venous symptoms, the vein was left undisturbed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient had no thrombotic events.</p>
		<p>
			<fig id="f03">
				<label>Figure 3</label>
				<caption>
					<title>– Intraoperative image of aorto-bi-iliac bypass procedure. The left common iliac vein was distended and tightly compressed when it passed behind the right common iliac artery.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc225-gf03.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</p>
		<p>Iliac vein compression syndrome, also known as May-Thurner syndrome or Cockett syndrome, is a condition in which the left common iliac vein is compressed by the right common iliac artery against the vertebrae.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The compression causes intimal hyperplasia, inner webs, and spurs, which can lead to thrombosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Three clinical stages were described: I, asymptomatic; II, spurs without thrombosis; and III, thrombosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
		<p>The diagnosis requires the demonstration of a stenotic or occlusive venous segment on imaging. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance are helpful. Venography has been performed as the gold standard.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Recently, intravenous ultrasound has shown improved sensitivity and is becoming widely used in diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Treatment is not recommended for asymptomatic patients. Symptomatic patients may benefit from self-expanding stents.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
		<p>In our case, iliac vein compression was an incidental image finding confirmed during the procedure performed to treat another condition. Iliac vein compression is found in approximately 20% of patients without any venous symptom.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The patient received no specific treatment other than routine thrombosis prophylaxis. She did not receive therapeutic anticoagulation.</p>
		<p>This study is in concordance with the institutional ethics committee and required consents were obtained. The patient agreed to the publication of the case and images.</p>
	</body>
	<back>
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	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Imagens</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Achado Incidental de Síndrome de Compressão da Veia Ilíaca</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Dalio</surname>
						<given-names>Marcelo Bellini</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Bohatch</surname>
						<given-names>Milton Sérgio</given-names>
						<suffix>Júnior</suffix>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Oliveira</surname>
						<given-names>Tércio Ferreira de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Maurício Serra</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Joviliano</surname>
						<given-names>Edwaldo Edner</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de São Paulo</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Ribeirão Preto</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">São Paulo</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil .</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">Correspondência: Marcelo Bellini Dalio • Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 9º andar, Campus Universitário - Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. CEP: 14048900 E-mail: mbdalio@usp.br</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Contribuição dos autores</p>
					<p>Concepção e desenho do estudo: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF; Análise e interpretação dos dados: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE; Coleta dos dados: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF ; Redação do artigo: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE; Revisão crítica do artigo: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE; Aprovação final do artigo: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE; Consentimento em se responsabilizar por todos os aspectos do trabalho: Dalio MB, Bohatch Júnior MS, Oliveira TF, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Conflito de interesses</p>
					<p>Os autores declaram não terem conflitos de interesse.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Compressão da veia ilíaca</kwd>
				<kwd>Síndrome de May-Thurner</kwd>
				<kwd>Síndrome de Cockett</kwd>
				<kwd>Doenças Assintomáticas</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>Mulher de 49 anos apresentou histórico progressivo de claudicação intermitente bilateral nas nádegas e panturrilha, atingindo uma distância de caminhada de 10 m. Era tabagista e tinha hipertensão. Não havia histórico de trombose venosa, edema de membros inferiores, veias varicosas nem sinais de doença venosa crônica. Ausência de pulsos femorais. A angiotomografia computadorizada evidenciou oclusão da aorta infra-renal com recanalização de ambas as artérias ilíacas. Curiosamente, a artéria ilíaca comum direita comprimia a veia ilíaca comum esquerda, que se encontrava aumentada ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref> ). Observavam-se colaterais pélvicos dilatados à esquerda: veias uterinas e veia gonadal ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2</xref> ). Não havia compressão na veia renal esquerda.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01002">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Angiotomografia em corte coronal evidenciando oclusão da aorta infra-renal com recanalização de ambas as artérias ilíacas. A artéria ilíaca comum direita comprimia a veia ilíaca comum esquerda, que estava dilatada (seta preta).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc225-gf01-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02002">
					<label>Figura 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Angiotomografia em corte coronal mostrando colaterais pélvicas dilatadas à esquerda: veias uterinas (seta branca) e veia gonadal (seta preta).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc225-gf02-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>A paciente foi submetida a um enxerto aorto-bi-ilíaco com Dacron, sem intercorrências. A veia ilíaca comum esquerda encontrava-se distendida e fortemente comprimida ao passar por trás da artéria ilíaca comum direita ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03002">Figura 3</xref> ). Como a paciente não apresentava sintomas venosos, a veia foi deixada intacta. O pós-operatório se deu sem intercorrências e a paciente não apresentou eventos trombóticos.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f03002">
					<label>Figura 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Imagem intraoperatória de procedimento de enxerto aorto-bi-ilíaco. A veia ilíaca comum esquerda encontrava-se distendida e fortemente comprimida ao passar por trás da artéria ilíaca comum direita.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-1-eabc225-gf03-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>A síndrome de compressão da veia ilíaca, também conhecida como síndrome de May-Thurner ou síndrome de Cockett, é um quadro clínico no qual a veia ilíaca comum esquerda é comprimida pela artéria ilíaca comum direita contra as vértebras.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A compressão causa hiperplasia intimal, teias e esporas, podendo levar à trombose.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Três estágios clínicos foram descritos: I - assintomático; II - esporas sem trombose; e III - trombose.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
			<p>O diagnóstico requer a demonstração de um segmento venoso estenótico ou oclusivo na imagem. A tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética podem ajudar. A venografia tem sido usada como padrão-ouro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Recentemente, o ultrassom intravenoso apresentou melhora da sensibilidade e vem sendo amplamente utilizado no diagnóstico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> O tratamento não é recomendado para pacientes assintomáticos. Pacientes sintomáticos podem se beneficiar de stents autoexpansíveis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
			<p>No nosso caso, a compressão da veia ilíaca foi um achado de imagem incidental confirmado durante o procedimento realizado para tratar outro quadro clínico. A compressão da veia ilíaca é encontrada em cerca de 20% dos pacientes sem qualquer sintoma venoso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A paciente não recebeu nenhum tratamento específico além da profilaxia de rotina para trombose. Não recebeu anticoagulação terapêutica.</p>
			<p>Este artigo está em concordância com o comitê de ética da instituição, e os consentimentos necessários foram obtidos. A paciente concordou com a publicação do caso e das imagens.</p>
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