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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2675-312X/20223504eed_23i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20223504eed_23i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Editorial</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>How to Perform a Diagnostic and Prognostic Analysis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in 2022: Should we Divide to Improve Treatment?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5649-1561</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Toste</surname><given-names>Alexandra</given-names></name> <role>Manuscript writing</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3812-4872</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Cardim</surname><given-names>Nuno</given-names></name> <role>critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Center for Hereditary Heart Diseases and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Luz Hospital</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Luz Hospital &#x2013; Center for Hereditary Heart Diseases and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP, Brazil.</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Nova Medical School</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="PT">Portugal</country>
<institution content-type="original">Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal.</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Alexandra Toste</bold> &#x2022; E-mail: <email>alexandra.toste6@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Conflict of interest</bold></p>
<p>The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p></fn></author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>01</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2022</year></pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<elocation-id>eed_23</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>08</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>15</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>20</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p></license></permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
<kwd>Genetics</kwd>
<kwd>Sarcomere-Positive, Nonfamilial</kwd>
<kwd>Diagnosis</kwd>
<kwd>Prognosis</kwd></kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="2"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="10"/></counts></article-meta></front>
<body>
<p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common genetic heart disease, has an estimated prevalence in the general population of 1:500&#x2013;1:200.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The diagnosis is based on the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) that is not fully explained by loading conditions, and HCM occurs in the absence of other cardiac, systemic, or metabolic disease or in the context of a multiorgan syndrome associated with LVH.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>Despite being considered a genetic disease, the initial diagnosis of HCM does not require genetic testing. The diagnostic power of current genetic panels is modest, just 46%;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> therefore, failure to detect a mutation does not exclude the diagnosis. Current guidelines recommend genetic testing, especially when the possibility of cascading familial genetic screening is anticipated or in cases in which the clinical presentation suggests a specific non-sarcomeric etiology potentially treatable with specific therapy, such as Anderson-Fabry disease, Danon disease, or familial amyloidosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>The diagnosis of HCM is determined using transthoracic echocardiography in most cases, the first-choice imaging modality. Although the current diagnostic criteria are based exclusively on increased wall thickness, HCM also involves structural cardiomyocyte derangement, interstitial fibrosis, microvascular remodeling, and microcirculatory dysfunction, changes that may precede increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Thus, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can play a much more precise and sensitive role in tissue characterization along with late gadolinium enhancement, T1 mapping, fractal analysis, diffusion tensor imaging, transit time, and segmental perfusion defect assessment. Some of these techniques have been implemented in clinical practice, while others are still being investigated.</p>
<p>HCM is a disease with great phenotypic and clinical heterogeneity ranging from long-term asymptomatic disease to being a cause of sudden death in young adults and athletes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> HCM can progress according to several profiles: heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction due to diastolic dysfunction and/or obstruction; HF with reduced ejection fraction; atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke; ventricular arrhythmias; and sudden cardiac death (SCD). The predictors of each of these profiles remain unclear exception made for the profile of ventricular arrhythmias and SCD. This area has been the subject of research in recent years for which quite robust sudden death risk stratification strategies have been developed.</p>
<p>Indeed, the European model,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> incorporated into the 2014 European recommendations, estimates the five-year risk of sudden death of a specific patient using mathematical models and considering seven clinical and imaging variables (age, maximum LV thickness, left atrial diameter, maximum LV outflow gradient, family history of SCD, unexplained syncope, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia [NVT]). On the other hand, the American strategy,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> which was recently optimized, includes new risk factors in the SCD risk stratification, such as the presence of apical aneurysms with fibrosis, extensive late enhancement on CMR (usually &#x2265; 15% of LV mass), and LV systolic dysfunction (defined as an ejection fraction &#x3C; 50%). The presence of a new or classic risk factor (family history of SCD in a first-degree relative, massive hypertrophy &#x2265; 30 mm, unexplained syncope events, NVT) may be an indication for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, with different strengh levels of evidence.</p>
<p>However, the prognostic assessment of patients with HCM goes beyond SCD risk stratification. Progression to other profiles represent a large part of the current morbidity and mortality of this disease. The international Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry (SHaRe),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> which involved 4,591 HCM patients with a median follow-up of 5.4 years and &#x3E;24,000 patient-years, identified two major predictors of adverse events: sarcomeric mutation status and age at diagnosis.</p>
<p>Survival analysis showed that groups with pathogenic mutation, probably pathogenic or variant of uncertain significance, had events at younger ages and a higher incidence of compound events &#x2014; HF and AF &#x2014; than the group with no identified mutation (SARC-). On the other hand, the group with a pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation (SARC+) had a higher risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias compared to the SARC- group.</p>
<p>At the same time, patients with nonfamilial HCM (SARC- and no family history of HCM) had a lower risk of mortality and compound events than the other groups, and the age-adjusted mortality rate of this group was similar to that of the general population.</p>
<p>Regarding age, the age-adjusted mortality rate was four times higher in young patients (20&#x2013;29 years old) and three times higher in patients 50&#x2013;69 years than in the general population, with HF and non-cardiac mortality being the main causes of death. Surprisingly, SCD represented only 16% of these deaths. Regardless of age, most HCM-related complications occurred late (at 50&#x2013;70 years) and involved HF and AF.</p>
<p>Evidence suggests the existence of two major HCM subtypes based on the identification of sarcomeric mutations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> SARC+ patients are younger at the time of diagnosis, have a higher degree of hypertrophy that is typically asymmetric, and have a more frequent family history of HCM and SCD with a worse prognosis. On the contrary, SARC- patients more often present with a sigmoid interventricular septum, less fibrosis, and more comorbidities such as hypertension and obesity; and seem to follow a more benign clinical course (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Main characteristics by HCM subgroup.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eed_23-gf01.tif"/> <attrib>Source: <italic>adapted from Toste.</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><italic>10</italic></xref></sup></attrib></fig>
<p>These findings suggest that genetic testing may play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of these patients, distinguishing two very different HCM subgroups that probably require different prevention, treatment, and screening strategies. Considering this new approach to HCM, genetic studies will play an even more important role in disease management, increasing our understanding of HCM from a molecular point of view and enabling the more accurate treatment of these patients. In short, we should divide cases to better treat them.</p></body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
<p>Editor responsible for the review: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn></fn-group>
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<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Editorial</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#xF3;fica: Como Realizar uma An&#xE1;lise Diagn&#xF3;stica e Progn&#xF3;stica em 2022. Dividir para Tratar Melhor?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5649-1561</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Toste</surname><given-names>Alexandra</given-names></name> <role>Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3812-4872</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Cardim</surname><given-names>Nuno</given-names></name> <role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital da Luz &#x2013; Centro de Doen&#xE7;as Card&#xED;acas Heredit&#xE1;rias e Miocardiopatia Hipertr&#xF3;fica, S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP, Brasil.</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="PT">Portugal</country>
<institution content-type="original">Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal.</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: Alexandra Toste</bold> &#x2022; E-mail: <email>alexandra.toste6@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Conflito de interesses</bold></p>
<p>Os autores declaram n&#xE3;o terem conflitos de interesse.</p></fn></author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#xF3;fica</kwd>
<kwd>Gen&#xE9;tica</kwd>
<kwd>Diagn&#xF3;stico</kwd>
<kwd>Progn&#xF3;stico</kwd></kwd-group></front-stub>
<body>
<p>A cardiomiopatia hipertr&#xF3;fica (CH) &#xE9; a doen&#xE7;a card&#xED;aca gen&#xE9;tica mais frequente, com preval&#xEA;ncia na popula&#xE7;&#xE3;o geral estimada entre 1:500 e 1:200.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O diagn&#xF3;stico baseia-se na presen&#xE7;a de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE), que n&#xE3;o &#xE9; explicada na totalidade pelas condi&#xE7;&#xF5;es de carga, e ocorrendo na aus&#xEA;ncia de outra doen&#xE7;a, card&#xED;aca ou sist&#xEA;mica, metab&#xF3;lica, ou no contexto de s&#xED;ndrome multiorg&#xE2;nica associado &#xE0; HVE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>Apesar de ser considerada uma doen&#xE7;a gen&#xE9;tica, na maioria das vezes o diagn&#xF3;stico inicial n&#xE3;o requer a realiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o de teste gen&#xE9;tico. O poder diagn&#xF3;stico dos pain&#xE9;is gen&#xE9;ticos atuais &#xE9; modesto, rondando apenas os 46%,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> e a n&#xE3;o dete&#xE7;&#xE3;o de muta&#xE7;&#xE3;o n&#xE3;o exclui o diagn&#xF3;stico. As diretrizes atuais recomendam o teste gen&#xE9;tico, sobretudo quando se antecipa a possibilidade de fazer rastreio gen&#xE9;tico familiar em cascata ou nos casos em que a apresenta&#xE7;&#xE3;o cl&#xED;nica sugere uma etiologia espec&#xED;fica n&#xE3;o sarcom&#xE9;rica potencialmente trat&#xE1;vel com terap&#xEA;utica espec&#xED;fica, como a doen&#xE7;a de Anderson Fabry, doen&#xE7;a de Danon ou amiloidose familiar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>O diagn&#xF3;stico da CH baseia-se no ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico, que continua a ser a primeira modalidade de imagem, estabelecendo o diagn&#xF3;stico na maioria dos casos. Apesar de os crit&#xE9;rios de diagn&#xF3;stico atuais se basearem exclusivamente no aumento da espessura das paredes, a CH envolve tamb&#xE9;m desarranjo estrutural dos cardiomi&#xF3;citos, fibrose intersticial, remodelagem microvascular e disfun&#xE7;&#xE3;o microcirculat&#xF3;ria, altera&#xE7;&#xF5;es essas que podem preceder o aumento da espessura das paredes do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo (VE).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Nesse sentido, a resson&#xE2;ncia magn&#xE9;tica card&#xED;aca (RMC) pode desempenhar papel de caracteriza&#xE7;&#xE3;o tecidular muito mais preciso e sens&#xED;vel, recorrendo nomeadamente a t&#xE9;cnicas de realce tardio pelo gadol&#xED;nio, mapeamento por T1, <italic>fractal analysis</italic>, <italic>diffusion tensor imaging</italic>, <italic>transit time</italic> e avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o de defeitos de perfus&#xE3;o segmentares. Algumas dessas t&#xE9;cnicas integram j&#xE1; a pr&#xE1;tica cl&#xED;nica habitual, enquanto outras encontram-se ainda na esfera investigacional, apresentando-se, no entanto, muito promissoras.</p>
<p>A CH &#xE9; uma patologia com grande heterogeneidade fenot&#xED;pica e cl&#xED;nica, incluindo doentes que se mant&#xEA;m assintom&#xE1;ticos, atingindo uma longevidade semelhante &#xE0; da popula&#xE7;&#xE3;o geral, mas tamb&#xE9;m representa uma das principais causas de morte s&#xFA;bita em adultos jovens e atletas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> De facto, o doente com CH pode evoluir de acordo com v&#xE1;rios perfis: insufici&#xEA;ncia card&#xED;aca (IC) com fra&#xE7;&#xE3;o de eje&#xE7;&#xE3;o preservada, quer por disfun&#xE7;&#xE3;o diast&#xF3;lica e/ou obstru&#xE7;&#xE3;o; IC com fra&#xE7;&#xE3;o de eje&#xE7;&#xE3;o reduzida; fibrila&#xE7;&#xE3;o atrial (FA) e acidente vascular cerebral (AVC); arritmias ventriculares e morte s&#xFA;bita card&#xED;aca (MSC). Ainda n&#xE3;o s&#xE3;o claros os fatores preditores de evolu&#xE7;&#xE3;o para cada um desses perfis, exce&#xE7;&#xE3;o feita ao perfil de arritmias ventriculares/morte s&#xFA;bita. Essa &#xE1;rea tem sido alvo de muita investiga&#xE7;&#xE3;o nos &#xFA;ltimos anos, e, como tal, assistimos a um desenvolvimento das estrat&#xE9;gias de estratifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o de risco de morte s&#xFA;bita que, nesse momento, s&#xE3;o bastante robustas.</p>
<p>Por um lado, temos o modelo europeu,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> incorporado nas recomenda&#xE7;&#xF5;es europeias de 2014, que estima o risco de morte s&#xFA;bita aos 5 anos de um doente em espec&#xED;fico recorrendo a modelos matem&#xE1;ticos e envolve sete vari&#xE1;veis cl&#xED;nicas e imagiol&#xF3;gicas (idade, espessura m&#xE1;xima do VE, di&#xE2;metro do &#xE1;trio esquerdo, gradiente m&#xE1;ximo na c&#xE2;mara de sa&#xED;da do VE, hist&#xF3;ria familiar de MSC, s&#xED;ncope inexplicada e taqucardia ventricular n&#xE3;o mantida &#x2013; TVNM). Por outro lado, h&#xE1; a estrat&#xE9;gia americana,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> que foi recentemente otimizada, passando a incluir novos fatores de risco na estratifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o do risco de MSC, sendo eles a presen&#xE7;a de aneurismas apicais com fibrose, realce tardio extenso na RMC (geralmente &#x2265;15% da massa ventricular esquerda) e disfun&#xE7;&#xE3;o sist&#xF3;lica do VE (definida como fra&#xE7;&#xE3;o de eje&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#x3C;50%). A presen&#xE7;a de um desses novos fatores de risco ou de um dos cl&#xE1;ssicos anteriormente considerados (hist&#xF3;ria familiar de MSC num familiar em primeiro grau; hipertrofia maci&#xE7;a &#x2265;30mm, epis&#xF3;dios de s&#xED;ncope inexplicada, TVNM) pode constituir indica&#xE7;&#xE3;o para implanta&#xE7;&#xE3;o do cardioversor desfibrilhador implant&#xE1;vel (CDI), ainda que com diferentes n&#xED;veis evid&#xEA;ncia.</p>
<p>No entanto, a avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o progn&#xF3;stica do doente com CH ultrapassa em muito a estratifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o de risco de MSC. De fato, os outros perfis de evolu&#xE7;&#xE3;o representam grande parte da morbilidade e mortalidade atuais imposta pela por essa doen&#xE7;a. O registo internacional ShaRe,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> que envolveu 4.591 doentes CH com seguimento m&#xE9;dio de 5,4 anos e &#x3E;24 mil doentes-ano, identificou dois grandes preditores de eventos adversos: a presen&#xE7;a muta&#xE7;&#xE3;o sarcom&#xE9;rica e a idade &#xE0; data do diagn&#xF3;stico.</p>
<p>A an&#xE1;lise de sobreviv&#xEA;ncia mostrou-nos que os grupos com muta&#xE7;&#xE3;o patog&#xEA;nica, provavelmente patog&#xEA;nica ou variante de significado incerto (VUS) apresentavam eventos em idades mais jovens, bem como uma maior incid&#xEA;ncia de eventos compostos &#x2013; IC e FA &#x2013; quando comparados com o grupo em que n&#xE3;o foi identificada qualquer muta&#xE7;&#xE3;o (SARC-). Por outro lado, o grupo com muta&#xE7;&#xE3;o patog&#xEA;nica ou provavelmente patog&#xEA;nica (SARC+) apresentou risco superior de arritmias ventriculares malignas quando comparado com o grupo SARC-.</p>
<p>Paralelamente, doentes com CH n&#xE3;o familiar (SARC- e sem hist&#xF3;ria familiar de CH) apresentaram risco inferior de mortalidade e eventos compostos quando comparados com os outros grupos, sendo que a taxa de mortalidade deste grupo, ajustada para a idade, foi semelhante &#xE0; da popula&#xE7;&#xE3;o geral.</p>
<p>Relativamente ao fator idade, a mortalidade em doentes jovens (20 a 29 anos) foi quatro vezes superior &#xE0; da popula&#xE7;&#xE3;o geral ajustada para a idade, e em doentes entre os 50 e os 69 anos tr&#xEA;s vezes superior, sendo que as principais causas de morte foram IC e mortalidade n&#xE3;o card&#xED;aca. Surpreendentemente, a MSC ocorreu em apenas 16% dessas mortes.</p>
<p>Independentemente da idade, a maioria das complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es relacionadas com CH ocorreram tardiamente, entre os 50 e os 70 anos, sendo os principais eventos IC e FA.</p>
<p>De facto, a evid&#xEA;ncia tem vindo a sugerir a exist&#xEA;ncia de dois grandes subtipos de CH, com base na identifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o de muta&#xE7;&#xF5;es sarcom&#xE9;ricas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Doentes SARC+ s&#xE3;o mais jovens &#xE0; data do diagn&#xF3;stico, apresentam maior grau de hipertrofia, tipicamente assim&#xE9;trica, e mais frequentemente hist&#xF3;ria familiar de CH e de MSC, com pior progn&#xF3;stico. Pelo contr&#xE1;rio, doentes SARC- apresentam mais frequentemente septo interventricular em sigmoide, menos fibrose, mais frequentemente comorbilidades como HTA e obesidade e parecem seguir um curso cl&#xED;nico mais benigno (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Principais caracter&#xED;sticas dos subgrupos de cardiomiopatia hipertr&#xF3;fica.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eed_23-gf01-pt.tif"/> <attrib>Fonte: <italic>adaptado de Toste.</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><italic>10</italic></xref></sup></attrib></fig>
<p>Efetivamente, esses achados sugerem que o estudo gen&#xE9;tico pode vir a desempenhar um papel importante n&#xE3;o s&#xF3; no diagn&#xF3;stico como tamb&#xE9;m no progn&#xF3;stico desses doentes, distinguindo dois subgrupos de CH muito diferentes, merecendo provavelmente estrat&#xE9;gias de preven&#xE7;&#xE3;o, tratamento e rastreio tamb&#xE9;m distintos. Tendo em conta essa nova forma de olhar para a CH, &#xE9; prov&#xE1;vel que o estudo gen&#xE9;tico venha a desempenhar papel ainda mais importante na orienta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dessa doen&#xE7;a, ajudando-nos a perceber melhor a CH, do ponto de vista molecular, e a tratar esses doentes com uma maior precis&#xE3;o. Em resumo, dividir para tratar melhor.</p></body>
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<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
<p>Editor respons&#xE1;vel pela revis&#xE3;o: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn></fn-group>
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