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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20223504eabc337i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Primary Cardiac Angiosarcoma Evaluated on PET/CT</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5573-7489</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Silva</surname>
						<given-names>Pedro Henrique Rodrigues da</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Data collection and analysis, Manuscript writing, Consent to be responsible for all aspects of the work</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7330-7674</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Montenegro</surname>
						<given-names>Carlos Eduardo Lucena</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Data collection and analysis, Critical review of the article, Consent to be responsible for all aspects of the work</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7616-7389</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Flamini</surname>
						<given-names>Maria Eduarda Duarte de Mello</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Data collection and analysis, Consent to be responsible for all aspects of the work</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8932-1032</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Pontual</surname>
						<given-names>Mariana Vila Nova de Oliveira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Data collection and analysis, Consent to be responsible for all aspects of the work</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9899-1612</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Brandão</surname>
						<given-names>Simone Cristina Soares</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Data collection and analysis, Critical review of the article, Consent to be responsible for all aspects of the work</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Federal University of Pernambuco</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Clínicas</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv2">Serviço de PET/CT</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Federal University of Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Serviço de PET/CT, Recife, PE, Brazil;</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">University of Pernambuco</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Pernambuco Cardiological Emergency Room</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco Cardiological Emergency Room (PROCAPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Simone Cristina Soares Brandão • Av. Beira Rio, 360, Apto 201. Ilha do Retiro, Recife, PE, Brazil, Postal Code: 50750-400. E-mail: <email>simone.brandao@ufpe.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Conflict of interest</p>
					<p>The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsible for the review: Rafael Lopes</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>21</day>
				<month>12</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>35</volume>
			<issue>4</issue>
			<elocation-id>eabc337</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>23</day>
					<month>8</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>15</day>
					<month>9</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>20</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Angiosarcoma</kwd>
				<kwd>Positron-emission tomography</kwd>
				<kwd>Diagnostic imaging</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="6"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="5"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare malignant endothelial tumor that is aggressive and has an adverse prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> It features a high mortality rate because of the tendency for local recurrence and high incidence of systemic metastases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Therefore, its early diagnosis is very important, as is the determination of its local and distant extension, to ensure its proper therapeutic management. The objective of this case report was to show the value of positron emission tomography associated with computed tomography with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT) in the diagnosis and staging of cardiac angiosarcoma.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="cases">
			<title>Caso Report</title>
			<p>A 39-year-old man with dyspnea and palpitations at rest for approximately 15 days was admitted to the emergency room with signs of cardiac tamponade and underwent pericardiocentesis. During the hospitalization, the pericardial effusion recurred, which required a pericardial window and biopsy. The pericardial fluid showed a hematic aspect and high cellularity with a predominance of lymphomonocytic and low glucose, motivating empirical treatment with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for possible tuberculosis.</p>
			<p>Transthoracic echocardiography showed a fixed mass adherent to the lateral wall of the right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), and posterior tricuspid leaflet measuring approximately 30 mm × 34 mm. Transesophageal echocardiography showed a solid homogeneous mass adherent to the lateral wall of the RA projecting into the RV inlet and causing a flow obstruction with dimensions of 58 mm × 47 mm and without vascularization by microbubbles.</p>
			<p>As the patient’s condition failed to improve despite treatment, it was necessary to continue the investigation to better diagnose the cardiac mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was not possible because of hemodynamic instability (lipothymia) at the time of the examination.</p>
			<p>Therefore, the patient was referred for <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT imaging. This examination revealed a cardiac mass with an epicenter in the RA (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figures 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">2</xref>), heterogeneous density, a more inferior solid component, and a superior area of necrosis/liquefaction measuring approximately 75 mm × 60 mm × 86 mm with a maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG of 19.6. Diffuse nodular thickening of the entire pericardium, including its recesses (SUVmax of 16.0) and hypermetabolic thoracic lymph nodes, was also observed with no evidence of distant metastases.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Maximum intensity projection image of positron emission tomography associated with computed tomography with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose showing a marked increase in glycolytic metabolism in the cardiac mass involving the right atrium and ventricle (solid black arrow) with extension to the pericardium (dotted black arrows).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc337-gf01.tif"/>
					<attrib>Source: authors' personal files.</attrib>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Positron emission tomography (PET) associated with computed tomography (CT) with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) images (A, coronal CT, PET, and PET/CT sections; B, CT, PET, and PET/CT sagittal sections; C, CT, PET, and PET/CT axial sections) showing marked accumulation of 18F-FDG in the tumor (red cross marker) and sparse hypermetabolic foci in the pericardium (black arrows).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc337-gf02.tif"/>
					<attrib>Source: authors' personal files.</attrib>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>These findings were suggestive of a high-grade primary malignant cardiac tumor. An anatomopathological study revealed that it was a fusocellular neoplasm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3</xref>), and the immunohistochemical study findings were compatible with angiosarcoma, with positive Ki-67 staining in 50% of the neoplastic cells.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f03">
					<label>Figure 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Fusocellular neoplasm composed of cells with moderate atypia that outlines the vascular spaces (black arrow).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc337-gf03.tif"/>
					<attrib>Source: authors' personal files.</attrib>
				</fig>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a clinically rare cardiac neoplasm, with approximately 200 cases described to date<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> and an incidence of approximately 0.017%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> It is highly invasive and has a poor prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> This tumor can occur in any part of the heart, but it most frequently occurs on the right side, especially in the RA, and rarely in the epicardium, pericardium, and RV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> It usually causes chest pain, vomiting, cough, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, fatigue, and arrhythmia. It has a high mortality rate owing to the tendency for local recurrence and high incidence of systemic metastases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The late diagnosis and rarity of these tumors makes it difficult to define the best treatment and prognostic factors. In addition, they are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> therefore, surgical resection is currently considered the ideal treatment modality. In the present case, surgical excision was not possible because of the extent of cardiac involvement. One week after the biopsy, the patient experienced new cardiac tamponade, underwent another pericardial window, and on the 3<sup>rd</sup> day after the procedure died suddenly.</p>
			<p>With the development of new imaging techniques, an increasing number of cases are being diagnosed earlier.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> CT, MRI, and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT can help determine the extent of infiltration and presence of potential metastases. On contrast-enhanced CT, cardiac angiosarcomas commonly show inhomogeneous centripetal enhancement. Cardiac MRI allows for better characterization of the soft tissues and tumor in addition to being superior to CT in the assessment of myocardial and pericardial infiltration.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Moreover, <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT has been used to better characterize and stage these tumors, as it aids the accurate determination of the tumor’s extent, metabolic activity, and potential metastases, as it is a whole-body examination.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> In addition, it makes it possible to characterize a malignant tumor in a non-invasive way,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> which is very important for sparing the heart muscle.</p>
			<p>The tumor metabolic characterization on <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT is based on the calculation of the SUVmax of FDG on the tumor mass versus the glucose uptake of the blood pool and the normal myocardium, permitting differentiation between hypermetabolic tumors and myocardial physiological uptake. In such a way that uptake is low in the blood pool and normal myocardium, it is higher in benign tumors and significantly higher in malignant primary tumors. Using a SUVmax cutoff of 3.5, the sensitivity in determining malignancy can reach 100%, while at a cutoff of slightly higher than 4.6, the specificity increased to 100%, although sensitivity decreased to 94%. Therefore, the use of an SUVmax cutoff of 3.5–4.6 has good accuracy for the diagnosis of malignant cardiac tumors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>In the present case, <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT clearly demonstrated the extent of the primary tumor and the high uptake of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG in the cardiac lesion (SUVmax of 19.6), indicating the malignant nature of the tumor. This diagnostic approach makes it possible to characterize a malignant tumor noninvasively. Here we highlight the potential of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT for diagnosing and staging primary cardiac angiosarcoma.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20223504eabc337p</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Angiossarcoma Primário Cardíaco Avaliado em PET/TC</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5573-7489</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Silva</surname>
						<given-names>Pedro Henrique Rodrigues da</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Coleta e análise dos dados, Redação do manuscrito, Consentimento em se responsabilizar por todos os aspectos do trabalho</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7330-7674</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Montenegro</surname>
						<given-names>Carlos Eduardo Lucena</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Coleta e análise dos dados, Revisão crítica do artigo, Consentimento em se responsabilizar por todos os aspectos do trabalho</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7616-7389</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Flamini</surname>
						<given-names>Maria Eduarda Duarte de Mello</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Coleta e análise dos dados, Consentimento em se responsabilizar por todos os aspectos do trabalho</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8932-1032</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Pontual</surname>
						<given-names>Mariana Vila Nova de Oliveira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Coleta e análise dos dados, Consentimento em se responsabilizar por todos os aspectos do trabalho</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9899-1612</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Brandão</surname>
						<given-names>Simone Cristina Soares</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Coleta e análise dos dados, Revisão crítica do artigo, Consentimento em se responsabilizar por todos os aspectos do trabalho</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Serviço de PET/CT, Recife, PE, Brasil;</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade de Pernambuco, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), Recife, PE, Brasil.</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002"> Correspondência: Simone Cristina Soares Brandão • Av. Beira Rio, 360, Apto 201. Ilha do Retiro, Recife, PE, Brasil, CEP: 50750-400. E-mail: simone.brandao@ufpe.br </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Conflito de interesses</p>
					<p>Os autores declaram não terem conflitos de interesse.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsável pela revisão: Rafael Lopes</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Angiossarcoma</kwd>
				<kwd>Tomografia por emissão de pósitrons</kwd>
				<kwd>Diagnóstico por imagem</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>O angiossarcoma cardíaco é um tumor endotelial maligno, altamente agressivo, de mau prognóstico e raro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Apresenta elevada taxa de mortalidade, tendo em vista a tendência à recidiva local e a alta incidência de metástases sistêmicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Assim, é muito importante diagnosticá-lo precocemente, bem como determinar sua extensão local e a distância para o manejo terapêutico adequado. O objetivo deste relato de caso é mostrar o valor da tomografia por emissão de pósitrons associada à tomografia computadorizada com 18-fluordeoxiglicose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/TC) no diagnóstico e no estadiamento de angiossarcoma cardíaco.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Relato do caso</title>
				<p>Paciente do sexo masculino, de 39 anos, com dispneia e palpitações de repouso há cerca de 15 dias. Foi admitido no pronto-socorro com sinais de tamponamento cardíaco, sendo submetido à pericardiocentese. Durante o internamento, houve recidiva do derrame pericárdico, sendo necessária a realização de janela e biópsia pericárdicas. O líquido pericárdico exibiu aspecto hemático, alta celularidade com predomínio linfomonocitário e glicose baixa, motivando tratamento empírico com COXIP para possível tuberculose.</p>
				<p>O ecocardiograma transtorácico (ECO TT) mostrou massa fixa, aderida à parede lateral do ventrículo direito (VD), ao átrio direito (AD) e ao folheto posterior da tricúspide de cerca de 30x34mm. Ao ecocardiograma transesofágico (ECO TE) foi observada uma massa sólida, homogênea, aderida à parede lateral do AD, projetando-se para a via de entrada do VD, provocando obstrução de fluxo, com dimensões de 58x47mm e sem vascularização por microbolhas.</p>
				<p>Uma vez que o paciente não apresentou melhora clínica a despeito do tratamento instituído, foi necessário prosseguir investigação para melhor elucidação diagnóstica da massa cardíaca. Não foi possível realizar ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) por motivo de instabilidade hemodinâmica (lipotimias) no momento do exame.</p>
				<p>Assim, posteriormente, o paciente foi encaminhado para a realização de <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/TC. Esse exame revelou massa cardíaca com epicentro no AD (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figuras 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">2</xref>), com densidade heterogênea, destacando-se componente sólido mais inferior e área de necrose/liquefação mais superior, medindo cerca de 75x60x86mm, com valor de captação padronizado máximo (SUVmax do inglês <italic>standard uptake value</italic>) de 19,6. Espessamento nodular difuso de todo o pericárdio, acometendo inclusive seus recessos (SUVmax de 16,0), bem como linfonodos torácicos hipermetabólicos, também foram observados, sem evidência de metástases à distância.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Imagem maximum intensity projection do 18F-FDG PET evidenciando acentuado aumento do metabolismo glicolítico em massa envolvendo átrio e ventrículo direitos (seta cheia preta), com extensão para o pericárdio (setas pontilhadas pretas).</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc337-gf01-pt.tif"/>
						<attrib>Fonte: arquivo dos autores.</attrib>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Imagens de 18F-FDG PET/TC. (A) Cortes coronais de tomografia computadorizada, PET e PET/TC; (B) cortes sagitais de tomografia computadorizada, PET e PET/TC; (C) cortes axiais de tomografia computadorizada, PET e PET/TC. Acúmulo acentuado de 18F-FDG no tumor (marcador em cruz vermelho) e áreas focais hipermetabólicas esparsas no pericárdio (setas pretas).</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc337-gf02-pt.tif"/>
						<attrib>Fonte: arquivo dos autores.</attrib>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>Estes achados foram sugestivos de tumor maligno primário cardíaco de alto grau. O estudo anatomopatológico revelou tratar-se de neoplasia fusocelular (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03002">Figura 3</xref>), sendo o estudo imuno-histoquímico compatível com angiossarcoma, com Ki-67 positivo em 50% das células neoplásicas.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f03002">
						<label>Figura 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Neoplasia fusocelular composta de células com atipias moderadas que esboçam espaços vasculares (seta preta).</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc337-gf03-pt.tif"/>
						<attrib>Fonte: arquivo dos autores.</attrib>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>O angiossarcoma cardíaco primário é uma neoplasia cardíaca clinicamente rara, com cerca de 200 casos descritos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> e incidência de aproximadamente 0,017%,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> altamente invasivo e com mau prognóstico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Este tumor pode ocorrer em qualquer parte do coração, mas a maioria ocorre no lado direito, especialmente no AD e, raramente, no epicárdio, pericárdio e VD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Tal condição geralmente causa dor torácica, vômito, tosse, hemoptise, falta de ar, fadiga e arritmia. Apresenta alta taxa de mortalidade, devido à tendência à recidiva local e à alta incidência de metástases sistêmicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
				<p>O diagnóstico tardio e a raridade desses tumores contribuem para as dificuldades em relação à definição do melhor tratamento e dos fatores prognósticos. Além disso, são resistentes à radiação e a quimioterápicos;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> logo, a ressecção cirúrgica é considerada, atualmente, a modalidade ideal de tratamento. Nesse caso, a excisão cirúrgica não seria possível devido à extensão do acometimento cardíaco. Uma semana após a biópsia, o paciente teve novo tamponamento cardíaco; submeteu-se a outra janela pericárdica e, no terceiro dia pós-procedimento, foi a óbito por morte súbita.</p>
				<p>Com o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de imagem, um número crescente de casos tem sido diagnosticado mais precocemente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A TC, a RMC e a <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/TC podem ajudar a determinar a extensão da infiltração e a presença de potenciais metástases. Na TC com contraste, os angiossarcomas cardíacos comumente apresentam realce centrípeto não homogêneo. A RMC permite uma melhor caracterização das partes moles e do tumor, além de ser superior à TC na avaliação de infiltração do miocárdio e do pericárdio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Já a <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/TC tem sido utilizada para melhor caracterização e estadiamento desses tumores, uma vez que ajuda a determinar de forma acurada a extensão do tumor, a atividade metabólica e a presença de metástases potenciais por ser um exame do corpo inteiro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Além disso, possibilita caracterizar um tumor maligno de forma não invasiva,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> o que é importantíssimo para poupar o músculo cardíaco.</p>
				<p>A caracterização metabólica do tumor na <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/TC é realizada através no cálculo do SUVmax de FDG na massa tumoral, comparando-o com a captação de FDG no <italic>pool</italic> sanguíneo e no miocárdio normal, permitindo, assim, a diferenciação entre tumores hipermetabólicos e a captação miocárdica fisiológica, de tal modo que a captação é baixa no <italic>pool</italic> sanguíneo e no miocárdio normal, mais elevada em tumores benignos e significativamente alta nos tumores primários malignos. Utilizando-se um valor de corte de SUVmax de 3,5, a sensibilidade na determinação de malignidade pode chegar a 100%, enquanto com o uso de um ponto de corte um pouco maior de 4,6, a especificidade aumenta para 100%, com redução da sensibilidade para 94%. Assim, a utilização de um ponto de corte de SUVmax entre 3,5 e 4,6 tem uma boa acurácia para o diagnóstico de tumor cardíaco maligno.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>No presente caso, a <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/TC demonstrou claramente a extensão do tumor primário e, também, a elevada captação de <sup>18</sup>F-FDG na lesão cardíaca (SUVmax de 19,6), o que apontava para a natureza maligna confirmada na biópsia. Essa abordagem diagnóstica possibilitou caracterizar um tumor maligno de forma não invasiva. Aqui, destacamos o potencial da <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/TC no diagnóstico e no estadiamento do angiossarcoma cardíaco primário.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
	</sub-article>
</article>