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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2675-312X/20223504eabc298i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20223504eabc298i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Real-time Three-Dimensional Echocardiogram in the Identification of Late Complications in the Follow-Up After Mitraclip&#xAE; Implantation</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0842-8223</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Costa</surname><given-names>Alexandre</given-names></name> <role>Research conception and design</role> <role>manuscript writing</role> <role>critical review of the manuscript</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1375-785X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Junqueira</surname><given-names>Bruna de Mattos Ivo</given-names></name> <role>Research conception and design</role> <role>manuscript writing</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5129-7639</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Macedo</surname><given-names>Carolina Th&#xE9;</given-names></name> <role>data collection</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2425-4569</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Carvalho</surname><given-names>Marcus Vinicius Silva Freire de</given-names></name> <role>data collection</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4762-0579</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Bezerra</surname><given-names>Cristiano Guedes</given-names></name> <role>data collection</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3927-778X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Melo</surname><given-names>Rodrigo Morel Vieira de</given-names></name> <role>critical review of the manuscript</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#xE3;o Rafael</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#xE3;o Rafael, Salvador, BA, Brazil.</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Alexandre Costa Souza</bold> &#x2022; Hospital S&#xE3;o Rafael, Av. S&#xE3;o Rafael, 2.152, S&#xE3;o Marcos. CEP: <postal-code>41253-190</postal-code> &#x2013; Salvador, BA, Brazil. E-mail: <email>alexandrecostahsr@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Conflict of interest</bold></p>
<p>The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p></fn></author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>01</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2022</year></pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<elocation-id>eabc298</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>26</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>06</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2022</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>08</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p></license></permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional</kwd>
<kwd>Mitral Valve Insufficiency</kwd>
<kwd>Postoperative Complications, Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures</kwd></kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="6"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="8"/></counts></article-meta></front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>Conventional surgery is the treatment of choice for severe mitral valve regurgitation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> However, it is not feasible for patients at high surgical risk, who have high morbidity and mortality rates despite clinical treatment. Percutaneous valve treatment (<italic>MitraClip</italic>) has been evolving as a therapeutic perspective for this population, with reduced heart failure (HF) hospitalization and all-cause mortality rates.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) has an additive role during clinical follow-up, especially in cases of suspected late complications with high detail of valve anatomy and clip positioning with cardiac structures. Additionally, due to the greater anatomical accuracy of this test, complications resulting from the procedure can be safely detected in real time.</p>
<p>This report describes a case of 3DTEE use in the diagnosis and evaluation of complications in the traditional follow-up of <italic>MitraClip</italic> implantation.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Case report</title>
<p>A 67-year-old man with a history of hypertension with dilated cardiomyopathy and significant functional mitral regurgitation who underwent <italic>MitraClip</italic> implantation in October 2021 was admitted five months after the procedure with chest pain and dyspnea on usual exertion. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed two clips in the mitral position and significant mitral regurgitation in addition to significant bi-atrial and left ventricular enlargement with diffuse hypokinesia (25% ejection fraction calculated by the Simpson method).</p>
<p>Real-time 3DTEE to confirm mitral regurgitation and loss of the late result demonstrated that one of the clips had lost the capture zone related to the posterior leaflet. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="other" rid="f7">Video 1</xref>) Color Doppler showed two eccentric regurgitant jets, one directed at the interatrial septum and the other, of greater magnitude, related to the lateral wall of the left atrium (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="other" rid="f8">Video 2</xref>), totaling a significant degree of regurgitation (<italic>Vena Contracta</italic> 3D: 0.9 cm&#xB2;). The patient&#x27;s HF was compensated for with clinical measures and diuretic therapy, and the heart team chose a new outpatient percutaneous approach with a third clip implant strategy to treat the lateral mitral regurgitation jet (A1/P1 segments).</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiogram (3DTEE) with three-dimensional reconstruction showing MitraClip capture loss.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-gf01.tif"/></fig> <media id="f7" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-m01.mp4">
<label>Video 1</label>
<caption>
<title>3D transesophageal echocardiography, atrial view, showing hypermobile clip with no capture of the posterior leaflet, determining a late complication in the follow-up after Mitraclip implantation.</title>
</caption>
</media>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<title>(A) TEE with multiplanar slices showing the MitraClip with loss of the posterior leaflet capture zone. (B) The presence of two jets, one eccentric, directed to the lateral wall and compatible with significant mitral valve regurgitation in the post-MitraClip implantation follow-up.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-gf02.tif"/></fig>
	
			<p>
	<media id="f8" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-m02.mp4">
<label>Video 2</label>
<caption>
<title>2D transesophageal echocardiography, 120&#xB0; view, showing a double-component mitral regurgitation jet, the main one related to the P1 segment (eccentric jet, directed to the lateral wall of the left atrium) on color Doppler.</title>
</caption>
</media>
				</p>
<p>In April 2022, the patient was electively admitted for 3DTEE-guided implantation of the third clip without complications. This new implanted clip stabilized the one that had lost capture of the posterior leaflet and treated the lateral regurgitation jet (A1/P1) with consequent mitral regurgitation reduction. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="other" rid="f9">Video 3</xref>)</p>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figure 3</label>
<caption>
<title>(A) TEE showing mild mitral valve regurgitation in intraoperative control after implantation of the third MitraClip. (B) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the mitral valve with the presence of a double fenestration and a percutaneous device (MitraClip).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-gf03.tif"/></fig> <media id="f9" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-m03.mp4">
<label>Video 3</label>
<caption>
<title>3D transesophageal echocardiogram, atrial view, after implantation of the 3rd clip related to the A1/P1 segments.</title>
</caption>
</media>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussion</title>
<p>Real-time 3DTEE, a fundamental imaging modality for the careful evaluation of patients eligible for <italic>MitraClip</italic> implantation, plays an important role in all stages of the procedure. Its role was established in the assessment of patient eligibility for device implantation through a systematic evaluation and use of recommended objective measurements.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Moreover, 3DTEE aids the dynamic intraoperative assessment of each procedural step.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>The <italic>MitraClip</italic> system is safe and features low rates of adverse events. Although the complication rate is low, the ideal format for clinical and echocardiographic follow-up should be better understood.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> This case report reinforces the additional value of the three-dimensional resource in pre- and intraoperative assessments as well as in the late follow-up of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair (<italic>MitraClip</italic>).</p>
<p>In the case described here, conventional echocardiography showed signs of device failure with recurrent severe mitral regurgitation. The use of real-time 3DTEE provided detailed anatomical data of the different segments of the mitral valve with anatomic correlation and allowed the exact identification of the mechanism of mitral regurgitation, showing that <italic>MitraClip</italic> failure captured the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve and related clip hypermobility<italic>.</italic> TTE was limited by artifacts generated by the attached clip, which impaired the identification of the cause of the loss of the late result by the device. <italic></italic>Moreover, 3DTEE allowed the topographical identification of the segment related to loss of capture (A1/P1) and helped plan treatment with an additional clip to approach the residual lateral insufficiency jet.</p>
<p>Mitral regurgitation severity was assessed using conventional parameters and 3D color Doppler echocardiography with quantification of the <italic>Vena Contracta</italic> 3D area. Buck <italic>et al.</italic> demonstrated that mitral valve geometry and left ventricle size and function may be associated with mitral regurgitation progression in the post-<italic>MitraClip</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> follow-up; such parameters, especially those related to the complex geometry of the mitral valve and its annulus, can be assessed through the three-dimensional resource. Partial clip displacement was described in 4&#x2013;10% of cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Decisions about patient management should consider new clip implantation and optimal clinical therapy. In exceptional cases, mitral valve surgery may be indicated, but it must always be a shared heart team decision since most patients, especially those with HF, are at high surgical risk.</p>
<p>The amount of leaflet tissue captured at the time of device implantation and aspects related to mitral valve and left ventricle geometry influence the late outcomes of patients undergoing <italic>MitraClip</italic> device implantation. Follow-up should include TTE and, in cases of suspected results loss, 3DTEE is indicated since it can add relevant anatomical information to aid our understanding of the exact mechanism of result failure and subsequent planning.</p>
</sec></body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
<p>Editor responsible for the review: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn></fn-group>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Relato de Caso</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Aplica&#xE7;&#xE3;o do Ecocardiograma Tridimensional em Tempo Real para Detec&#xE7;&#xE3;o de Complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es Tardias no Seguimento P&#xF3;s-Implante de MitraClip&#xAE;</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0842-8223</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Costa</surname><given-names>Alexandre</given-names></name> <role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho de pesquisa</role> <role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role> <role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1375-785X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Junqueira</surname><given-names>Bruna de Mattos Ivo</given-names></name> <role>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho de pesquisa</role> <role>reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5129-7639</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Macedo</surname><given-names>Carolina Th&#xE9;</given-names></name> <role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2425-4569</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Carvalho</surname><given-names>Marcus Vinicius Silva Freire de</given-names></name> <role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4762-0579</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Bezerra</surname><given-names>Cristiano Guedes</given-names></name> <role>obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3927-778X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Melo</surname><given-names>Rodrigo Morel Vieira de</given-names></name> <role>revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito</role> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#xE3;o Rafael, Salvador, BA, Brasil.</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: Alexandre Costa Souza</bold> &#x2022; Hospital S&#xE3;o Rafael, Av. S&#xE3;o Rafael, 2.152, S&#xE3;o Marcos. CEP: <postal-code>41253-190</postal-code> &#x2013; Salvador, BA, Brasil. E-mail: <email>alexandrecostahsr@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Conflito de interesses</bold></p>
<p>Os autores declaram n&#xE3;o terem conflitos de interesse.</p></fn></author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Ecocardiografia Tridimensional</kwd>
<kwd>Insufici&#xEA;ncia da Valva Mitral</kwd>
<kwd>Complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es P&#xF3;s-Operat&#xF3;rias</kwd>
<kwd>Procedimentos Cir&#xFA;rgicos Cardiovasculares</kwd></kwd-group></front-stub>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introdu&#xE7;&#xE3;o</title>
<p>Tradicionalmente, o tratamento de elei&#xE7;&#xE3;o da insufici&#xEA;ncia valvar mitral grave &#xE9; a cirurgia convencional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Contudo, para pacientes de alto risco cir&#xFA;rgico, esse tipo de tratamento n&#xE3;o &#xE9; vi&#xE1;vel, sendo uma popula&#xE7;&#xE3;o com elevado &#xED;ndice de morbimortalidade a despeito do tratamento cl&#xED;nico. O tratamento percut&#xE2;neo da valva (MitraClip&#xAE;) vem evoluindo como uma perspectiva terap&#xEA;utica para essa popula&#xE7;&#xE3;o com redu&#xE7;&#xE3;o de taxas de hospitaliza&#xE7;&#xF5;es por insufici&#xEA;ncia card&#xED;aca (IC) e mortalidade por todas as causas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>O ecocardiograma transesof&#xE1;gico tridimensional (ECOTE 3D) tem papel aditivo durante o seguimento cl&#xED;nico, sobretudo diante da suspeita de complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es tardias, com elevado detalhamento da anatomia valvar e do posicionamento do clipe nas estruturas card&#xED;acas. Adicionalmente, devido &#xE0; maior acur&#xE1;cia anat&#xF4;mica desse exame, complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es decorrentes do procedimento podem ser detectadas em tempo real e com maior seguran&#xE7;a.</p>
<p>Neste relato, descreve-se um caso acerca da aplica&#xE7;&#xE3;o do ecocardiograma tridimensional no diagn&#xF3;stico e da avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o de complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es no seguimento tardio p&#xF3;s-implante do MitraClip&#xAE;.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Relato De Caso</title>
<p>Paciente do sexo masculino, 67 anos, previamente hipertenso e portador de miocardiopatia dilatada com insufici&#xEA;ncia mitral importante funcional, com passado de implante de MitraClip&#xAE; em outubro de 2021, admitido ap&#xF3;s 5 meses do procedimento com quadro de dor tor&#xE1;cica e dispneia aos esfor&#xE7;os habituais. Foi realizado ecocardiograma transtor&#xE1;cico, que mostrou presen&#xE7;a de dois clipes em posi&#xE7;&#xE3;o mitral e insufici&#xEA;ncia mitral de grau importante, al&#xE9;m de aumento importante biatrial e do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo, com hipocinesia difusa (fra&#xE7;&#xE3;o de eje&#xE7;&#xE3;o de 25% pelo m&#xE9;todo de Simpson).</p>
<p>Foi realizado ECOTE 3D em tempo real para confirmar o mecanismo da insufici&#xEA;ncia mitral e a perda do resultado tardio, sendo evidenciado que um dos clipes apresentava perda da zona de captura relacionada &#xE0; c&#xFA;spide posterior (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1</xref> e V&#xED;deo 1). Ao Doppler colorido, foram evidenciados dois jatos regurgitantes exc&#xEA;ntricos, sendo um direcionado ao septo interatrial e outro, de maior magnitude, relacionado &#xE0; parede lateral do &#xE1;trio esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref> e V&#xED;deo 2), totalizando refluxo de grau importante (&#xE1;rea da <italic>vena contracta</italic> tridimensional de 0,9cm&#xB2;). O paciente foi compensado da IC com medidas cl&#xED;nicas e diureticoterapia, sendo optado, por decis&#xE3;o em <italic>Heart Team</italic>, por nova abordagem percut&#xE2;nea a n&#xED;vel ambulatorial, com estrat&#xE9;gia de implante do terceiro clipe para tratamento do jato de insufici&#xEA;ncia mitral lateral (segmentos A1/P1).</p>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Ecocardiograma transesof&#xE1;gico tridimensional com reconstru&#xE7;&#xE3;o tridimensional mostrando perda de capturado MitraClip&#xAE;.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-gf01-pt.tif"/></fig>
<media id="f10" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-m01.mp4">
<label>V&#xED;deo 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Ecocardiografia Transesof&#xE1;gica 3D em sua vis&#xE3;o atrial, demonstrando clipe hiperm&#xF3;vel com perda de captura da c&#xFA;spide posterior, determinando complica&#xE7;&#xE3;o tardia no seguimento ap&#xF3;s implante de Mitraclip.</title>
</caption>
</media>
<fig id="f5">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption>
<title>(A) Ecocardiograma transesof&#xE1;gico com corte multiplanar mostrando dispositivo MitraClip&#xAE; com perda da zona de captura da c&#xFA;spide posterior. (B) Presen&#xE7;a de dois jatos, sendo um exc&#xEA;ntrico, direcionado &#xE0; parede lateral, compat&#xED;vel com insufici&#xEA;ncia valvar mitral de grau importante no seguimento evolutivo p&#xF3;s-MitraClip&#xAE;.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-gf02-pt.tif"/></fig>
<media id="f11" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-m02.mp4">
<label>V&#xED;deo 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Ecocardiografia Transesof&#xE1;gica 2D em corte 120&#xB0; demonstrando duplo componente do jato de regurgita&#xE7;&#xE3;o mitral, sendo o principal relacionado ao segmento P1 (jato exc&#xEA;ntrico, direcionado &#xE0; parede lateral do &#xE1;trio esquerdo) ao Doppler colorido.</title>
</caption>
</media>
<p>Em abril de 2022, o paciente foi admitido eletivamente para implante do terceiro clipe, guiado por ecocardiografia transesof&#xE1;gica, sem intercorr&#xEA;ncias. Esse novo clipe implantado estabilizou aquele que tinha perda de captura relacionada &#xE0; c&#xFA;spide posterior, com tratamento do jato de insufici&#xEA;ncia lateral (A1/P1), com consequente redu&#xE7;&#xE3;o da insufici&#xEA;ncia mitral (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3</xref> e V&#xED;deo 3).</p>
<fig id="f6">
<label>Figura 3</label>
<caption>
<title>(A) Ecocardiograma transesof&#xE1;gico evidenciando refluxo valvar mitral de grau discreto no controle intraoperat&#xF3;rio ap&#xF3;s implante do terceiro MitraClip&#xAE;. (B) Reconstru&#xE7;&#xE3;o tridimensional da valva mitral com presen&#xE7;a de duplo orif&#xED;cio com dispositivo percut&#xE2;neo (MitraClip&#xAE;).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-gf03-pt.tif"/></fig>
<media id="f13" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-04-eabc298-m03.mp4">
<label>V&#xED;deo 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Ecocoardiograma Transesof&#xE1;gico 3D em vis&#xE3;o atrial, ap&#xF3;s implante do 3&#xB0; clipe relacionado aos segmentos A1/P1.</title>
</caption>
</media>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discuss&#xE3;o</title>
<p>O ECOTE 3D em tempo real &#xE9; uma modalidade de imagem fundamental para avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o criteriosa dos candidatos ao MitraClip&#xAE; e tem papel relevante em todas as etapas do procedimento, j&#xE1; inclusive estabelecido na composi&#xE7;&#xE3;o da avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o do candidato ideal ao dispositivo, por meio de avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o sistem&#xE1;tica e obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de medidas objetivas preconizadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Al&#xE9;m disso, o ECOTE 3D auxilia na avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o intraoperat&#xF3;ria din&#xE2;mica para cada etapa relacionada ao procedimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>O sistema MitraClip&#xAE; tem se estabelecido como procedimento seguro e com taxas de eventos adversos reduzidas. Embora a taxa de complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es seja baixa, o formato ideal de seguimento cl&#xED;nico e ecocardiogr&#xE1;fico deve ser melhor compreendido, de acordo com o seguimento evolutivo desses pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Ilustramos aqui um caso que refor&#xE7;a o valor adicional que o recurso tridimensional pode acrescentar, n&#xE3;o apenas na avalia&#xE7;&#xE3;o do candidato ao dispositivo e no intraoperat&#xF3;rio, mas tamb&#xE9;m no seguimento tardio dos pacientes submetidos a reparo percut&#xE2;neo da valva mitral (MitraClip&#xAE;).</p>
<p>No caso descrito, o ecocardiograma convencional revelava sinais de fal&#xEA;ncia do dispositivo com recorr&#xEA;ncia de insufici&#xEA;ncia mitral grave. A utiliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o do recurso do ECOTE 3D em tempo real forneceu dados anat&#xF4;micos detalhados dos diferentes segmentos da valva mitral com correla&#xE7;&#xE3;o anat&#xF4;mica e permitiu a identifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o exata do mecanismo da insufici&#xEA;ncia mitral, com demonstra&#xE7;&#xE3;o da falha de captura da c&#xFA;spide posterior do MitraClip&#xAE; e hipermobilidade do clipe relacionado. Ao exame transtor&#xE1;cico, havia limita&#xE7;&#xE3;o imposta por artefatos gerados pelo clipe adjunto, determinando preju&#xED;zo na identifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o da causa relacionada &#xE0; perda do resultado tardio do dispositivo. O ECOTE 3D permitiu ainda a identifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o topogr&#xE1;fica do segmento relacionado &#xE0; perda de captura (A1/P1) e auxiliou no planejamento para tratamento com clipe adicional para abordagem do jato de insufici&#xEA;ncia lateral residual.</p>
<p>A gravidade da insufici&#xEA;ncia mitral foi avaliada por par&#xE2;metros convencionais e pelo ecocardiograma tridimensional com Doppler colorido, com quantifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o da &#xE1;rea da <italic>vena contracta</italic> tridimensional. Buck et al. demonstraram que a geometria da valva mitral, associada ao tamanho e &#xE0; fun&#xE7;&#xE3;o do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo, pode estar associada &#xE0; evolu&#xE7;&#xE3;o da recorr&#xEA;ncia de insufici&#xEA;ncia mitral no seguimento p&#xF3;s-MitraClip&#xAE;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e tais par&#xE2;metros, sobretudo relacionado &#xE0; complexa geometria da valva mitral e do seu anel, podem ser acessados por meio do recurso tridimensional. O deslocamento parcial do clipe foi descrito em 4 a 10% dos casos em s&#xE9;ries publicadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A decis&#xE3;o quanto &#xE0; condu&#xE7;&#xE3;o do paciente deve considerar o implante de novo clipe e a manuten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de terapia cl&#xED;nica otimizada. Em casos de exce&#xE7;&#xE3;o, podemos indicar cirurgia da valva mitral, mas sempre em decis&#xE3;o compartilhada em <italic>Heart Team</italic>, uma vez que grande parte dos pacientes, sobretudo no cen&#xE1;rio de IC, possui alto risco cir&#xFA;rgico.</p>
<p>Em nosso entendimento, a quantidade de tecido de folheto capturado no momento do implante do dispositivo e os aspectos relacionados com a geometria da valva mitral e do ventr&#xED;culo esquerdo s&#xE3;o fatores que influenciam no resultado tardio dos pacientes submetidos ao implante do dispositivo tipo MitraClip&#xAE;. O seguimento deve ser realizado por meio do exame transtor&#xE1;cico e, em casos de suspeita de perda do resultado, a ecocardiografia transesof&#xE1;gica estaria indicada, e o recurso tridimensional seria capaz de acrescentar informa&#xE7;&#xF5;es anat&#xF4;micas relevantes para o entendimento do exato mecanismo da fal&#xEA;ncia do resultado e o planejamento da condu&#xE7;&#xE3;o posterior.</p>
</sec></body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
<p>Editor respons&#xE1;vel pela revis&#xE3;o: Daniela do Carmo Rassi Frota</p></fn></fn-group>
</back></sub-article>
</article>
