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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20223503eabc270</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Images</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Symptomatic Aortic Mural Thrombus in a Patient With COVID-19</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1069-0394</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bohatch</surname>
						<given-names>Milton Sérgio</given-names>
						<suffix>Júnior</suffix>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7774-1112</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Silva</surname>
						<given-names>Amanda Fernandes Vidal da</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2234-6825</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Dálio</surname>
						<given-names>Marcelo Bellini</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7350-8751</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Mauricio Serra</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7237-4771</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Joviliano</surname>
						<given-names>Edwaldo Edner</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Clínicas of Ribeirão Preto</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">University of São Paulo</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital das Clínicas of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Base of São José do Rio Preto</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Base of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Milton Sérgio Bohatch Júnior • Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 3.900 – Monte Alegre. CEP: 14015-010 – Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. E-mail: <email>milton.jr87@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Authors’ contributions</p>
					<p>Research concept and design: Bohatch Júnior MS; data collection: Bohatch Júnior MS, Silva AFV; data analysis and interpretation: Bohatch Júnior MS, Dálio MB; manuscript writing: Bohatch Júnior MS, Silva AFV, Dálio MB, Joviliano EE; intellectual content review: Bohatch Júnior MS, Silva AFV, Dálio MB, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Conflict of interest</p>
					<p>The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>17</day>
				<month>08</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>35</volume>
			<issue>3</issue>
			<elocation-id>eabc270</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>9</day>
					<month>11</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>2</day>
					<month>3</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>1</day>
					<month>7</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd>
				<kwd>Thrombosis</kwd>
				<kwd>Aorta</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="2"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="7"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>A 56-year-old male former smoker with a history of diabetes mellitus developed flu-like symptoms (cough, fever, and myalgia) that worsened after nine days (dyspnea and asthenia) sought medical attention in an emergency care unit. He was hospitalized with novel coronavirus (sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction testing. His condition progressed with sudden pain in the left lower limb, toe coldness and paresthesia without motor changes, and pain in the third finger of the left hand associated with non-fixed cyanosis. The patient was referred to the emergency room of Hospital das Clínicas of Ribeirão Preto with acute arterial occlusion. On evaluation, he presented non-fixed cyanosis in the distal phalanx of the third finger of the left hand with no pulse or neurological changes throughout the limb. The left lower limb presented no pulse of or arterial flow in the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. He underwent urgent thrombectomy (Rutherford class 2A) with thrombus removal, and limb perfusion was restored with pulsatile tibial artery flow. The patient remained on anticoagulant therapy with unfractionated heparin. Computed tomography angioplasty used to analyze the embolism demonstrated mural thrombi at the origin of the left subclavian artery and in the infrarenal aorta (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figures 1A</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1B</xref>). The patient progressed with good arterial condition (resolution of left upper limb non-fixed cyanosis and presence of pulse in the left leg), stayed in the intensive care unit for three days, and was discharged after two days of anticoagulant treatment (rivaroxaban [Xarelto<sup>®</sup>]). In outpatient follow-up, he remained asymptomatic and presented no new embolic events, and the mural thrombi resolved completely after one year of anticoagulant therapy (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figures 1C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1D</xref>).</p>
		<p>
			<fig id="f01">
				<label>Figure 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>(A e B) Computed tomography angiography images showing mural thrombi at the origin of the left subclavian artery and in the infrarenal aorta. (C e D) Complete resolution of mural thrombi after one year of anticoagulant therapy.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-03-eabc270-gf01.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</p>
		<p>Coagulopathy associated with coronavirus infection has been described in a globally increased number of cases of venous thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis, mainly acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and limb ischemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Multifactorial mechanisms involve endothelial dysfunction interacting with an intense inflammatory condition caused by cytokine storm and complement activation combined with immobilization and a hypercoagulability state.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The virus itself may directly activate the clotting cascade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Aortic mural thrombus without occlusive atherosclerotic or aneurysmal disease is an uncommon entity with potentially poor outcomes due to multiple or massive embolizations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Incidental aortic thrombus has an incidence of 0.75% among infected patients with moderate to severe conditions, representing approximately 6.6% of arterial thrombosis cases. This finding highlights critical forms of the disease that are partly mediated by a hypercoagulability state characterized by macro- and microvascular thrombotic angiopathy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
	</body>
	<back>
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					<source>J Thromb Thrombolysis</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<volume>51</volume>
					<issue>1</issue>
					<fpage>237</fpage>
					<lpage>242</lpage>
					<comment>
						<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02219-z">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02219-z</ext-link>
					</comment>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Imagens</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Trombo Mural Aórtico Sintomático em Paciente com Covid-19</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1069-0394</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bohatch</surname>
						<given-names>Milton Sérgio</given-names>
						<suffix>Júnior</suffix>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7774-1112</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Silva</surname>
						<given-names>Amanda Fernandes Vidal da</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2234-6825</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Dálio</surname>
						<given-names>Marcelo Bellini</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7350-8751</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Mauricio Serra</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7237-4771</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Joviliano</surname>
						<given-names>Edwaldo Edner</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP;</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002"> Correspondência: Milton Sérgio <bold>Bohatch Júnior •</bold> Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 3.900 – Monte Alegre.CEP: 14015-010 – Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. E-mail: milton.jr87@hotmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Contribuição dos autores</p>
					<p>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa: Bohatch Júnior MS; obtenção de dados: Bohatch Júnior MS, Silva AFV; análise e interpretação dos dados: Bohatch Júnior MS, Dálio MB; redação do manuscrito: Bohatch Júnior MS, Silva AFV, Dálio MB, Joviliano EE; revisão do conteúdo intelectual: Bohatch Júnior MS, Silva AFV, Dálio MB, Ribeiro MS, Joviliano EE.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Conflito de interesses</p>
					<p>Os autores declaram não terem conflitos de interesse.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd>
				<kwd>Trombose</kwd>
				<kwd>Aorta</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>Paciente do sexo masculino, 56 anos, com antecedentes de <italic>diabetes mellitus</italic> e ex-tabagista, iniciou com sintomas gripais (tosse, febre e mialgia) com piora dos sintomas após 9 dias (dispneia e astenia) quando procurou assistência médica em unidade de pronto atendimento, sendo internado. Foi confirmada a infecção pelo coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2) por método de reação em cadeia da polimerase. Ele evoluiu com dor em membro inferior esquerdo súbita, além de frialdade e parestesia dos pododáctilos, sem alteração motora, e dor no terceiro quirodáctilo da mão esquerda associada à cianose não fixa. Foi encaminhado para a unidade de emergência do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, com quadro de oclusão arterial aguda. Na avaliação, mantinha cianose não fixa em falange distal do terceiro quirodáctilo da mão esquerda, sem alterações de pulsos ou neurológicas no membro. No membro inferior esquerdo, não apresentava pulso nem fluxo arterial nas artérias tibiais anterior e posterior. Foi submetido à tromboembolectomia de urgência (classificação de Rutherford 2A) com remoção de trombos e restabelecimento da perfusão do membro, com fluxo pulsátil nas artérias tibiais, e mantido em anticoagulação terapêutica com heparina não fracionada. Na investigação da etiologia embólica, realizou angiotomografia, que evidenciou trombos murais na origem da artéria subclávia esquerda e na aorta infrarrenal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figuras 1A</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">1B</xref>). Com boa evolução do quadro arterial (resolução cianose não fixa do membro superior esquerdo e presença de pulso em perna esquerda), permaneceu em unidade de terapia intensiva por 3 dias, recebendo alta hospitalar após 2 dias com anticoagulação com Xarelto®. No seguimento ambulatorial, manteve-se assintomático e sem novos episódios embólicos, observando-se resolução completa dos trombos murais após 1 ano de anticoagulação (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figuras 1C</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">1D</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01002">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>(A e B) Angiotomografia evidenciando trombos murais na origem da artéria subclávia esquerda e na aorta infrarrenal. (C e D) Resolução completa dos trombos murais após 1 ano de anticoagulação.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-dic-35-03-eabc270-gf01-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>A coagulopatia associada à infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 foi descrita pelo aumento global do número de casos de tromboembolismo venoso e trombose arterial, principalmente infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e isquemia dos membros.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Os mecanismos são multifatoriais e envolvem disfunção endotelial em interação com quadro inflamatório intenso, ocasionado pela tempestade de citocinas e pela ativação do complemento, aliadas à imobilização e ao estado de hipercoagulabilidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Também foi sugerido que o próprio vírus possa ativar diretamente a cascata de coagulação.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>O trombo mural aórtico na ausência de doença aterosclerótica oclusiva ou aneurismática é uma entidade relativamente incomum com resultados potencialmente desanimadores devido à geração de embolizações múltiplas ou maciças.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Foi descrito que a incidência de trombo aórtico incidental é de 0,75% em pacientes infectados com quadro moderado-grave, representando cerca de 6,6% dos casos de trombose arterial. Esse achado destaca formas críticas da doença que são mediadas, em parte, por um estado hipercoagulável, caracterizado por angiopatia trombótica micro e macrovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
		</body>
	</sub-article>
</article>