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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Imagem cardiovascular</journal-title>
        
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
        
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2318-8219.20190023</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2318-8219.20190023</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Review Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Applications of Strain and Strain Rate in the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="pt">
          <trans-title>Aplicações do Strain e Strain Rate na Avaliação da Função Diastólica 
do Ventrículo Esquerdo</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Del Castillo</surname><given-names>José Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mazzarollo</surname><given-names>Carlos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carvalho</surname><given-names>Waldemiro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Diniz</surname><given-names>Jonny Vitor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oliveira</surname><given-names>Katarina Barros</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Araujo</surname><given-names>Deborah Costa Lima</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Albuquerque</surname><given-names>Eugenio Soares</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref></contrib></contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution content-type="normalized"/><institution content-type="orgname">Escola de Ecografia de Pernambuco</institution><addr-line><named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content><named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content></addr-line><country country="BR"/><institution content-type="original">Escola de Ecografia de Pernambuco, Recife, PE;</institution></aff>
      <aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution content-type="normalized"/><institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Católica de Pernambuco</institution><addr-line><named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content><named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content></addr-line><country country="BR"/><institution content-type="original">Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife, PE;</institution></aff>
      <aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution content-type="normalized"/><institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Messejana</institution><addr-line><named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content><named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content></addr-line><country country="BR">Brazil</country><institution content-type="original">Hospital de Messejana, Fortaleza, CE − Brazil</institution></aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: José Maria Del Castillo • Rua Jorge de Lima, 245, apto. 303, Salute, Imbiribeira. CEP: 51160-070, Recife, PE − Brazil. E-mail: <email>castillojmd@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con"> <p>Authors’ contributions:</p> <p>Research creation and design: Castillo JMD; Data acquisition: Castillo JMD, Mazzarollo C, Carvalho W, Oliveira KB, Araujo DCL e Albuquerque ES; Diniz JV; Data analysis and interpretation: Castillo JMD, Diniz JV; Manuscript writing: Castillo JMD; Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Castillo JMD e Diniz JV.</p> </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict"><p>Potential conflict of interest</p> <p>The authors declare that there is no relevant conflict of interest.</p></fn>
      </author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>14</day>
				<month>01</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <season>Apr-Jun</season>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>32</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>109</fpage>
      <lpage>115</lpage>
      <permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
<license-p>
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
      <abstract><title>Abstract</title><p>The analysis of diastolic function using conventional echocardiography (two-dimensional method, spectral Doppler and tissue Doppler) may not determine some cases of diastolic dysfunction or high left atrial pressure. The parameters that study myocardial strain (left atrial strain rate and longitudinal strain) may help diagnosis. This study describes the diastolic strain rate methods during isovolumetric relaxation time and at peak filling, apical twisting rate and maximal longitudinal left atrial strain, analyzing their applications and advantages.</p></abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="pt"><title>Resumo</title><p>A análise da função diastólica utilizando a ecocardiografia convencional (método bidimensional, Doppler espectral e Doppler tecidual) pode não determinar alguns casos de disfunção diastólica ou elevação da pressão do átrio esquerdo. Os parâmetros que estudam a deformação miocárdica (strain rate e strain longitudinal do átrio esquerdo) podem auxiliar no diagnóstico. Descrevem-se aqui os métodos do strain rate diastólico durante o tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico e no pico do enchimento, a taxa de torção apical e o strain longitudinal máximo do átrio esquerdo, analisando suas aplicações e vantagens.</p></trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction</kwd><kwd>Strains</kwd><kwd>Systolic Pressure</kwd><kwd>Diastolic Pressure</kwd></kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt"><kwd>Disfunção Ventricular</kwd><kwd>Strains</kwd><kwd>Pressão Sistólica</kwd><kwd>Pressão Diastólica</kwd></kwd-group>
      <counts><fig-count count="0"/><table-count count="0"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="0"/><page-count count="7"/></counts>
    </article-meta>
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