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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Imagem cardiovascular</journal-title>
        
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
        
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2318-8219.20190020</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2318-8219.20190020</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Echocardiography on Prehypertension and Stage I Hypertension</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="pt">
          <trans-title>Ecocardiografia na Pré-Hipertensão e Hipertensão Estágio I</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertoluci</surname><given-names>Carolina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Foppa</surname><given-names>Murilo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Santos</surname><given-names>Angela Barreto Santiago</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fuchs</surname><given-names>Sandra C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fuchs</surname><given-names>Flávio Danni</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution content-type="normalized"/><institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre</institution><institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution><addr-line><named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content></addr-line><country country="BR">Brazil</country><institution content-type="original">. Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil;</institution></aff>
      <aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="normalized"/><institution content-type="orgdiv2">Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology</institution><institution content-type="orgdiv1">School of Medicine</institution><institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution><addr-line><named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content></addr-line><country country="BR">Brazil</country><institution content-type="original">Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil</institution></aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Carolina Bertoluci • Departamento de Cardiologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 2º andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil. E-mail: <email>cbertoluci@hcpa.edu.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con"> <p>Authors’ contributions</p> <p>Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted: Bertoluci C, Foppa M</p> <p>Conception and design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted: Santos ABS, Fuchs SC e Fuchs FD.All authors have approved the final article.</p> </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict"><p>Potential Conflicts of Interest</p> <p>All authors reported they had no conflicts of interest and financial disclosures with regard to the subject of this manuscript.</p></fn>
      </author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>14</day>
				<month>01</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <season>Apr-Jun</season>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>32</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>96</fpage>
      <lpage>102</lpage>
      <history><date date-type="received"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></date></history>
      <permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
<license-p>
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
      <abstract><title>Abstract</title><sec><title>Background</title><p> Prehypertension and stage I hypertension are associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling. In this study, we compared echocardiographic parameters of preclinical hypertensive target organ damage in individuals with prehypertension and stage I hypertension selected from the same population.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p> We compared baseline echocardiogram measurements of participants included in the PREVER study with prehypertension (PREVER-prevention; n=106) or stage I hypertension (PREVER-treatment; n=128). Sex-specific differences in echocardiographic parameters were also investigated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p> Mean systolic and diastolic BP were significantly higher in the stage I hypertension group (141.0/90.4 mmHg) than in the prehypertension group (129.3/81.5 mmHg, P&lt;0,001 for both). Mean age was 55 years old (30 to 70), with an almost equal number of men and women, of which 80% were white and 7% had diabetes. Most parameters of LV mass, LA size and diastolic function were similar between the prehypertension and stage I hypertension groups. Hypertensive individuals had larger LA diameter and posterior wall thickness, and lower lateral e’ velocities, even after adjustment for age, sex and body mass index. Sex-specific analysis showed higher LV mass in stage I hypertension compared to prehypertension only in women (141.1 ± 34.1 g vs. 126.1 ± 29.1 g, P&lt;0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p> In middle-aged individuals with low cardiovascular risk, differences in echocardiographic parameters related to target organ damage are likely subtle between prehypertension and stage I hypertension, although women with stage I hypertension had significantly higher LV mass, which may indicate sex-specific adaptive response to blood pressure in earlier stages of hypertension.</p></sec></abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="pt"><title>Resumo</title><sec><title>Fundamento</title><p> A pré-hipertensão e a hipertensão estágio I estão associadas ao remodelamento do ventrículo esquerdo (VE). No presente estudo, comparamos os parâmetros ecocardiográficos de lesão de órgãos-alvo pré-clínicos da hipertensão arterial em indivíduos com pré hipertensão e hipertensão estágio I selecionados a partir da mesma população.</p></sec><sec><title>Métodos</title><p> Comparou-se as medidas ecocardiográficas basais dos participantes incluídos no estudo PREVER com pré-hipertensão (PREVER-prevention; n = 106) ou hipertensão estágio I (PREVER-treatment; n = 128). Investigou-se também as diferenças relacionadas ao sexo, verificadas nos parâmetros ecocardiográficos.</p></sec><sec><title>Resultados</title><p> A pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica média mostrou-se significativamente maior no grupo hipertensão estágio I (141,0/90,4 mmHg) quando comparada com o grupo pré-hipertensão (129,3/81,5 mmHg, P&lt;0,001 para ambos os grupos). A média de idade foi de 55 anos (30 a 70), com um número quase igual de homens e mulheres, dos quais 80% eram brancos e 7% tinham diabetes. A maioria dos parâmetros de massa do VE, dimensão do AE e função diastólica mostrou-se semelhante entre os grupos pré-hipertensão e hipertensão estágio I. Os indivíduos hipertensos apresentavam AE com maior diâmetro e maior espessura da parede posterior, além de menores velocidades laterais e’, mesmo após ajuste para idade, sexo e índice de massa corporal. A análise em relação ao sexo mostrou VE com maior massa na hipertensão estágio I em comparação à pré-hipertensão apenas em mulheres (141,1 ± 34,1 g vs. 126,1 ± 29,1 g, P&lt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusões</title><p> Em indivíduos de meia-idade com baixo risco cardiovascular, as diferenças nos parâmetros ecocardiográficos relacionadas à lesão de órgãos-alvo são sutis entre a pré-hipertensão e a hipertensão estágio I, embora mulheres com hipertensão estágio I tenham VE com massa significativamente maior, o que pode indicar resposta adaptativa específica do sexo à pressão arterial em estágios iniciais de hipertensão.</p></sec></trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Prehypertension</kwd><kwd>Hypertrophy</kwd><kwd>Left Ventricular</kwd><kwd>Cardiac Volume</kwd></kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt"><kwd>Pré-hipertensão</kwd><kwd>Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda</kwd><kwd>Volume Cardíaco</kwd></kwd-group>
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