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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20240079i</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20240079i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Percutaneous Closure of the Aortopulmonary Window in an Infant Using an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II Prosthesis</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3478-9105</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Oliveira</surname>
						<given-names>Edmundo Clarindo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4693-9550</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barbosa</surname>
						<given-names>José Augusto Almeida</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Moura</surname>
						<given-names>Marco Antonio Gonçalves</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6030-0927</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Castro</surname>
						<given-names>Marcelo Frederigue de</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1376-4694</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mendoza</surname>
						<given-names>Renata Fonseca</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>translation</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8801-1828</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Nunes</surname>
						<given-names>Maria Carmo Pereira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Felicio Rocho Hospital</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Felicio Rocho Hospital, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Vila da Serra Hospital</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Nova Lima</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Vila da Serra Hospital, Nova Lima, MG – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3">
				<label>3</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Feira de Santana</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4">
				<label>4</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label> Edmundi Clarindo de Oliveira • Vila da Serra Hospital. Alameda Oscar Niemeyer, 499. Postal Code: 34006-056. Nova Lima, MG – Brazil E-mail: <email>jalmeidabarbosa@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potential Conflict of Interest:</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p> Márcio Brito</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>27</day>
				<month>02</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>02</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>38</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20240079</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>12</day>
					<month>08</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>27</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>19</day>
					<month>11</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures</kwd>
				<kwd>Aortopulmonary Septal Defect</kwd>
				<kwd>Infant</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="8"/>
				<table-count count="2"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="13"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>The Aortopulmonary Window (APW) is a rare congenital malformation, representing approximately 0.2% of all congenital heart diseases. It is typically nonrestrictive and requires early surgical intervention to prevent complications such as pulmonary congestion, respiratory infections, and obstructive pulmonary vascular disease. In cases like ours, where the surgical risk is exceedingly high, percutaneous closure may present a viable alternative.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="cases">
			<title>Case Report</title>
			<p>A 1.5-month-old male infant, born with a weight of 2180 g, presented with multiple comorbidities, including esophageal atresia, congenital chylothorax, and Meckel’s diverticulum. The patient underwent several surgeries within the first few days of life. He also experienced recurrent infections and required prolonged mechanical ventilation. During evaluation, cardiomegaly was noted alongside a continuous murmur at the upper left sternal border. The echocardiogram revealed a 5.0 mm APW (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figures 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">2</xref>). The echocardiogram revealed a large left-to-right shunt, resulting in left chamber enlargement. Following a multidisciplinary discussion with the cardiology team and given the high surgical risk, percutaneous closure of the APW was chosen as the best approach. The procedure was performed after informed consent was obtained.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Echocardiogram showed a large 5.0 mm APW (white arrow). APW: Aortopulmonary Window.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-1-e20240079-gf01.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Echocardiogram with Color Doppler revealed a significant left-to-right shunt. APW: Aortopulmonary Window</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-1-e20240079-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>Cardiac catheterization was performed under general anesthesia using ultrasound-guided puncture of the right carotid artery and right femoral vein, with a 4F sheath in the artery and a 5F sheath in the vein. Heparin was administered at 100 IU/kg. Mean aortic and pulmonary pressures were measured at 44 and 29 mmHg, respectively. The ascending aortogram confirmed a 5.0 mm APW located distant from the left aortic cusp (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3</xref>). The defect was crossed via the aorta using a 4F Judkins catheter with a 3.5 bend and a 0.0035 Terumo guidewire. The guidewire was captured and exteriorized through the femoral vein, forming a venoarterial loop. A long 5F sheath and a delivery system were then advanced from the femoral vein, through the APW, and into the descending aorta. Initially, an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (ADOII 6/6) prosthesis (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) was advanced; the aortic disc was delivered followed by the pulmonary disc, which did not fix properly. The device was then replaced by an ADO II 4/4. After confirming proper device positioning using transthoracic echocardiography and fluoroscopy, ensuring no interference with aortic and pulmonary flows or proximity to the coronary arteries, the device was successfully implanted (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Fig. 4</xref>). Two weeks post-procedure, the patient showed no signs of heart failure, and the echocardiogram confirmed the device was well-positioned, with no significant vessel obstruction or residual shunt. The patient remained in the ICU due to other comorbidities.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f03">
					<label>Figure 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Ascending aortogram confirmed an APW.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-1-e20240079-gf03.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f04">
					<label>Figure 4</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Confirmation of the position by fluoroscopy, without interfering in the aorta and pulmonary flow (white arrow).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-1-e20240079-gf04.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>APW is a defect resulting from incomplete separation of the aorta and pulmonary trunk walls at the conotruncal septum during early embryogenesis. APW is classified into three morphological types. Type I defects (60-70%) are located proximally, in the aorta above the sinus of Valsalva. Type II defects (20-25%) are distal, situated in the upper ascending aorta before the emergence of the aortic branches. Type III defects, which are less common, are extensive and combine features of types I and II, involving most of the ascending aorta, the pulmonary trunk, and the right pulmonary artery. The Type II defect reported in this case accounts for 20% of APW cases and is particularly amenable to percutaneous correction due to its location. Surgery is the gold standard treatment and has been performed for many years. However, when a patient’s clinical condition is critical, with a prohibitively high surgical risk, as the case presented. In these cases, percutaneous closure becomes a valuable alternative when the defect allows for it. Reports in the literature on transcatheter closure of APW are limited, especially for patients weighing less than 3 kg, and they describe various vascular access methods and devices.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> presents a summary of the literature review. The defect’s position was conducive to percutaneous intervention, while the infant’s multiple comorbidities made surgery exceedingly high-risk. The optimal device choice remains unclear. Device selection depends on the hemodynamicist’s experience with different types of devices designed for closing cardiac and extracardiac shunts. Given the patient’s low weight, arterial access via the internal carotid artery was selected, which is our preferred approach for infants under 3.0 kg. In this specific case, we anticipated that crossing the window would be relatively straightforward, as it ultimately proved to be.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1">
					<label>Table 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Overview of percutaneous closure of the APW as described in the literature.</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left">Reference</th>
								<th>Year</th>
								<th>Country</th>
								<th>Age</th>
								<th>Weight (kg)</th>
								<th>Sex</th>
								<th>Prosthesis</th>
								<th>Prosthesis size (mm)</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td>Stamato et al.<sup>1</sup></td>
								<td align="center">1995</td>
								<td align="center">Canada</td>
								<td align="center">3 y</td>
								<td align="center">11</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">Modified Double Umbrella Occluder System</td>
								<td align="center">12</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="2">Sivakumar et al.<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="2">2006</td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="2">Sri Lanka</td>
								<td align="center">8 m</td>
								<td align="center">6.5</td>
								<td align="center">M</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 12/10</td>
								<td align="center">8.7</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">5 y</td>
								<td align="center">6.5</td>
								<td align="center">F</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 10/8</td>
								<td align="center">6</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="3">Trehan et al.<sup>3</sup></td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="3">2008</td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="3">India</td>
								<td align="center">5 m</td>
								<td align="center">5</td>
								<td align="center">F</td>
								<td align="center">Blockaid PDA occluder (12/10mm)</td>
								<td align="center">10</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">9 m</td>
								<td align="center">6.5</td>
								<td align="center">F</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder (12mm)</td>
								<td align="center">10</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">5.5 y</td>
								<td align="center">5.5</td>
								<td align="center">M</td>
								<td align="center">Blockaid VSD occluder perimembane (9mm)</td>
								<td align="center">8</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="3">Zhao-feng et al.<sup>5</sup></td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="3">2011</td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="3">China</td>
								<td align="center">11 m</td>
								<td align="center">8</td>
								<td align="center">M</td>
								<td align="center">A 6-8 mm Amplatzer duct occluder</td>
								<td align="center">3</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">2 y</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">F</td>
								<td align="center">An 18 mm HeartR muscular ventricular septal defect occluder (Lifetech Scientific Co, China)</td>
								<td align="center">10.4</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">14 y</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">M</td>
								<td align="center">An 18-20 mm HeartR Duct Occluder (Lifetech Scientific Co, China)</td>
								<td align="center">14</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Kosmač B.<sup>4</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2013</td>
								<td align="center">German</td>
								<td align="center">25 m</td>
								<td align="center">3.9</td>
								<td align="center">F</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer perimembranous VSD occluder (5mm)</td>
								<td align="center">4/6</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Fiszer et al.<sup>6</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2017</td>
								<td align="center">Poland</td>
								<td align="center">4.5 y</td>
								<td align="center">6</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 4/2</td>
								<td align="center">2.3</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sabnis et al.<sup>7</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2018</td>
								<td align="center">India</td>
								<td align="center">27 d</td>
								<td align="center">2.6</td>
								<td align="center">M</td>
								<td align="center">ADOI (St. Jude Medical, USA)</td>
								<td align="center">5</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="6">Campos-Quinteiro et al.<sup>8</sup></td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="6">2019</td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="6">Mexico</td>
								<td align="center">9 m</td>
								<td align="center">6.3</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 5/4</td>
								<td align="center">25</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">15 y</td>
								<td align="center">45</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 10/8</td>
								<td align="center">30</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">1 y 7 m</td>
								<td align="center">8.4</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 8/6</td>
								<td align="center">30</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">22 d</td>
								<td align="center">3.1</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder II 6/4</td>
								<td align="center">80</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">4 y 7 m</td>
								<td align="center">15</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 14/12</td>
								<td align="center">80</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">1 y 5 m</td>
								<td align="center">14.2</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">Cera 16/18</td>
								<td align="center">60</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Uçar et al.<sup>9</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2020</td>
								<td align="center">Türkiye</td>
								<td align="center">9 m</td>
								<td align="center">NI</td>
								<td align="center">F</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder AS 5/2</td>
								<td align="center">3.7</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Giordano et al.<sup>10</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2020</td>
								<td align="center">Italy</td>
								<td align="center">25 y</td>
								<td align="center">51</td>
								<td align="center">F</td>
								<td align="center">Amplatzer Muscular Septal occluder device 16mm (Abbot)</td>
								<td align="center">9/12</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="2">Guzeltas A.<sup>11</sup></td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="2">2021</td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="2">Türkiye</td>
								<td align="center">1 m</td>
								<td align="center">3.5</td>
								<td align="center">M</td>
								<td align="center">8/6 Amplatzer Muscular Septal occluder (Abbot)</td>
								<td align="center">4/7</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">6 m</td>
								<td align="center">5.3</td>
								<td align="center">F</td>
								<td align="center">10/8 Amplatzer Muscular Septal occluder (Abbot)</td>
								<td align="center">4.7</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Yildirim et al.<sup>12</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2021</td>
								<td align="center">Türkiye</td>
								<td align="center">3 m</td>
								<td align="center">4</td>
								<td align="center">M</td>
								<td align="center">A 7-mm symmetric membranous VSD occlude (Lifetech Scientific Co, China)</td>
								<td align="center">5.1</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Abdelrazek Ali et al.<sup>13</sup></td>
								<td align="center">2022</td>
								<td align="center">Egipt</td>
								<td align="center">12 m</td>
								<td align="center">7</td>
								<td align="center">M</td>
								<td align="center">A multifunctional occluder device 12 x 10 mm (Lifetech Scientific Co, China)</td>
								<td align="center">7/8</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN1">
							<p>Note: NI = no information available; y = years; m = months; d = days. PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; VSD: ventricular septal defect.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>Although cardiac surgery is the gold standard for APW closure, high-risk patients with anatomy favorable to percutaneous closure should be considered for this approach, as a viable and effective alternative in the management of such cases.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Study Association:</label>
				<p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate:</label>
				<p> This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
				<label>Sources of Funding:</label>
				<p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20240079</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Fechamento Percutâneo de Janela Aortopulmonar em Lactente Utilizando uma Prótese Amplatzer Duct Occluder II</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3478-9105</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Oliveira</surname>
						<given-names>Edmundo Clarindo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4693-9550</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barbosa</surname>
						<given-names>José Augusto Almeida</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Moura</surname>
						<given-names>Marco Antonio Gonçalves</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6030-0927</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Castro</surname>
						<given-names>Marcelo Frederigue de</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1376-4694</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mendoza</surname>
						<given-names>Renata Fonseca</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>tradução</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3002"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4002"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8801-1828</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Nunes</surname>
						<given-names>Maria Carmo Pereira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4002"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Felicio Rocho Hospital, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Vila da Serra Hospital, Nova Lima, MG – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3002">
				<label>3</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4002">
				<label>4</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">
					<label>Correspondência:</label><bold>Edmundi Clarindo de Oliveira</bold> • Vila da Serra Hospital. Alameda Oscar Niemeyer, 499. CEP: 34006-056. Nova Lima, MG – Brasil E-mail: jalmeidabarbosa@uol.com.br </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse:</label>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p> Márcio Brito</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardiovasculares</kwd>
				<kwd>Defeito do Septo Aortopulmonar</kwd>
				<kwd>lactente</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>A Janela Aortopulmonar (JAP) é uma malformação congênita rara, representando aproximadamente 0,2% de todas as cardiopatias congênitas. Geralmente é não restritiva e tratada cirurgicamente em uma idade precoce a fim de prevenir complicações, como congestão pulmonar, infecções respiratórias e o desenvolvimento de doença vascular pulmonar obstrutiva. No entanto, em situações como no nosso caso descrito, onde o risco cirúrgico é muito elevado, a opção pelo fechamento percutâneo pode ser considerada.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Relato de Caso</title>
				<p>Um lactente masculino de um mês e meio, com peso de 2180 g ao nascer, apresentou diversas comorbidades, incluindo atresia esofágica, quilotórax congênito e divertículo de Meckel. O paciente foi submetido a várias cirurgias nos primeiros dias de vida. Além disso, apresentou infecções recorrentes e necessitou de ventilação mecânica contínua. Durante a avaliação, foi detectada cardiomegalia, além de um sopro contínuo em borda esternal esquerda alta. O ecocardiograma revelou uma JAP de 5,0 mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figuras 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">2</xref>), com um grande shunt da esquerda para a direita, resultando em aumento de câmaras esquerdas. Após discussão com a equipe de cardiologia e considerando o alto risco cirúrgico, decidiu-se pelo fechamento percutâneo da JAP. O procedimento foi realizado após a obtenção do consentimento informado.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– O ecocardiograma mostrou uma grande JAP de 5,0 mm. JAP: Janela Aortopulmonar.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-1-e20240079-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– O ecocardiograma com Doppler colorido mostrou uma grande JAP de 5,0 mm. JAP: Janela Aortopulmonar.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-1-e20240079-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>O cateterismo cardíaco foi realizado sob anestesia geral por punção da artéria carótida direita e veia femoral direita, guiada por ultrassom, utilizando uma bainha de 4F na artéria e uma de 5F na veia. Foram administradas 100 UI/kg de heparina. As pressões médias da aorta e do pulmão foram de 44 e 29 mmHg, respectivamente. O aortograma ascendente confirmou uma JAP de 5,0 mm localizada distante da cúspide aórtica esquerda (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03002">Figura 3</xref>). O defeito foi cruzado via aorta utilizando um cateter Judkins 4F com curva de 3,5 e um fio-guia Terumo 0,0035. O fio-guia foi capturado e exteriorizado na veia femoral, criando um loop veno-arterial. Neste trilho, uma bainha longa 5F seguida por um sistema de entrega foi avançada da veia femoral através da JAP para a aorta descendente. Inicialmente, uma prótese Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (ADOII 6/6) (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, EUA) foi avançada; foi entregue o disco da aorta, seguido do disco pulmonar, que não se fixou de maneira adequada. O dispositivo foi então substituído por um ADO II 4/4. Após confirmação do bom posicionamento por ecocardiografia transtorácica e fluoroscopia, sem interferência no fluxo da aorta e pulmão e distante das coronárias, o dispositivo foi implantado (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04002">Fig. 4</xref>). Duas semanas após o procedimento, o paciente apresentava-se bem, sem sinais de insuficiência cardíaca e o ecocardiograma mostrou dispositivo bem-posicionado, sem obstrução de grandes vasos ou shunt residual. O paciente continuou na unidade de tratamento intensivo (UTI) devido a outras comorbidades.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f03002">
						<label>Figura 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– A aortografia ascendente confirmou uma JAP (seta branca).</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-1-e20240079-gf03-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f04002">
						<label>Figura 4</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Confirmação da posição por fluoroscopia, sem interferir no fluxo da aorta e pulmonar (seta branca).</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-1-e20240079-gf04-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>A JAP é um defeito resultante da separação incompleta das paredes do tronco pulmonar e aorta no septo conotruncal durante a embriogênese precoce. É classificada em três tipos morfológicos. Os tipos I (60-70%) são defeitos proximais localizados na aorta proximal, acima do seio de Valsalva. Os tipos II (20-25%) são defeitos distais localizados na porção superior da aorta ascendente, antes da emergência dos ramos aórticos. Os tipos III (menos comum) são defeitos grandes que incluem os tipos I e II, envolvendo a maior parte da aorta ascendente, o tronco pulmonar e a artéria pulmonar direita. O tipo II, como no caso relatado, representa 20% dos casos de JAP, com possibilidade de correção percutânea devido à sua localização. A cirurgia é o tratamento padrão ouro, sendo realizada há muitos anos. No entanto, existem situações em que a condição clínica do paciente é muito grave, tornando o risco cirúrgico muito elevado, como no caso apresentado. Nesses casos, o fechamento percutâneo é uma boa alternativa quando o defeito é adequado para essa abordagem. A literatura mostra poucos relatos de fechamento transcateter de JAP, especialmente em pacientes com peso inferior a 3 kg, utilizando diferentes tipos de acesso vascular e dispositivos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1002">Tabela 1</xref> apresenta um resumo da revisão da literatura. A posição do defeito era favorável à intervenção percutânea, e o risco cirúrgico era muito elevado devido às várias comorbidades do lactente. Não sabemos qual dispositivo seria a melhor escolha. A seleção deve ser baseada na experiência do hemodinamicista com diferentes tipos de dispositivos para fechar shunts cardíacos e extracardíacos. Considerando o peso do paciente, optamos pelo acesso arterial, via artéria carótida interna, que é nossa preferência para lactentes com peso inferior a 3,0 kg. Neste caso específico, assumimos que a janela poderia ser cruzada mais facilmente, como foi feito.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t1002">
						<label>Tabela 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Visão geral do fechamento percutâneo de JAP conforme descrito na literatura.</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="left">Referência</th>
									<th>Ano</th>
									<th>País</th>
									<th>Idade</th>
									<th>Peso (Kg)</th>
									<th>Sexo</th>
									<th>Prótese</th>
									<th>Tamanho da prótese (mm)</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td>Stamato et al.<sup>1</sup></td>
									<td align="center">1995</td>
									<td align="center">Canadá</td>
									<td align="center">3 a</td>
									<td align="center">11</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">Modified Double Umbrella Occluder System</td>
									<td align="center">12</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="2">Sivakumar et al.<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="2">2006</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="2">Sri Lanka</td>
									<td align="center">8 m</td>
									<td align="center">6,5</td>
									<td align="center">M</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 12/10</td>
									<td align="center">8,7</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">5 a</td>
									<td align="center">6,5</td>
									<td align="center">F</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 10/8</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="3">Trehan et al.<sup>3</sup></td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="3">2008</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="3">Índia</td>
									<td align="center">5 m</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">F</td>
									<td align="center">Blockaid PDA occluder (12/10mm)</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">9 m</td>
									<td align="center">6,5</td>
									<td align="center">F</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder (12mm)</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">5,5 a</td>
									<td align="center">5,5</td>
									<td align="center">M</td>
									<td align="center">Blockaid VSD occluder perimembane (9mm)</td>
									<td align="center">8</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="3">Zhao-Feng et al.<sup>5</sup></td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="3">2011</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="3">China</td>
									<td align="center">11 m</td>
									<td align="center">8</td>
									<td align="center">M</td>
									<td align="center">A 6-8 mm Amplatzer duct occluder</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">2 a</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">F</td>
									<td align="center">An 18 mm HeartR muscular ventricular septal defect occluder (Lifetech Scientific Co, China)</td>
									<td align="center">10,4</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">14 a</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">M</td>
									<td align="center">An 18-20 mm HeartR Duct Occluder (Lifetech Scientific Co, China)</td>
									<td align="center">14</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Kosmač et al.<sup>4</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2013</td>
									<td align="center">Alemanha</td>
									<td align="center">25 m</td>
									<td align="center">3,9</td>
									<td align="center">F</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer perimembranous VSD occluder (5mm)</td>
									<td align="center">4/6</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Fiszer et al.<sup>6</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2017</td>
									<td align="center">Polônia</td>
									<td align="center">4,5 a</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 4/2</td>
									<td align="center">2,3</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Sabnis et al.<sup>7</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2018</td>
									<td align="center">Índia</td>
									<td align="center">27 d</td>
									<td align="center">2,6</td>
									<td align="center">M</td>
									<td align="center">ADOI (St. Jude Medical, USA)</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="6">Campos-Quinteiro et al.<sup>8</sup></td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="6">2019</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="6">México</td>
									<td align="center">9 m</td>
									<td align="center">6,3</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 5/4</td>
									<td align="center">25</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">15 a</td>
									<td align="center">45</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 10/8</td>
									<td align="center">30</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">1 a 7 m</td>
									<td align="center">8,4</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 8/6</td>
									<td align="center">30</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">22 d</td>
									<td align="center">3,1</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder II 6/4</td>
									<td align="center">80</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">4 a 7 m</td>
									<td align="center">15</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder 14/12</td>
									<td align="center">80</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">1 a 5 m</td>
									<td align="center">14,2</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">Cera 16/18</td>
									<td align="center">60</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Uçar et al.<sup>9</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2020</td>
									<td align="center">Turquia</td>
									<td align="center">9 m</td>
									<td align="center">si</td>
									<td align="center">F</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer Duct Occluder AS 5/2</td>
									<td align="center">3,7</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Giordano et al.<sup>10</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2020</td>
									<td align="center">Itália</td>
									<td align="center">25 a</td>
									<td align="center">51</td>
									<td align="center">F</td>
									<td align="center">Amplatzer Muscular Septal occluder device 16mm (Abbot)</td>
									<td align="center">9/12</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="2">Guzeltas A.<sup>11</sup></td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="2">2021</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="2">Turquia</td>
									<td align="center">1 m</td>
									<td align="center">3,5</td>
									<td align="center">M</td>
									<td align="center">8/6 Amplatzer Muscular Septal occluder (Abbot)</td>
									<td align="center">4/7</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">6 m</td>
									<td align="center">5,3</td>
									<td align="center">F</td>
									<td align="center">10/8 Amplatzer Muscular Septal occluder (Abbot)</td>
									<td align="center">4,7</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Yıldırım et al.<sup>12</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2021</td>
									<td align="center">Turquia</td>
									<td align="center">3 m</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">M</td>
									<td align="center">A 7-mm symmetric membranous VSD occlude (Lifetech Scientific Co, China)</td>
									<td align="center">5,1</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Abdelrazek Ali et al.<sup>13</sup></td>
									<td align="center">2022</td>
									<td align="center">Egito</td>
									<td align="center">12 m</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">M</td>
									<td align="center">A multifunctional occluder device 12 x 10 mm (Lifetech Scientific Co, China)</td>
									<td align="center">7/8</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN1002">
								<p>Nota: si = sem informação; a = anos; m = meses; d = dias. PDA: ducto arterioso patente; VSD: defeito do septo ventricular.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>Embora a cirurgia cardíaca seja o padrão ouro para o fechamento da JAP, em pacientes de alto risco com anatomia favorável ao fechamento percutâneo, essa abordagem deve ser considerada uma alternativa viável e eficaz no manejo desses casos.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Vinculação Acadêmica:</label>
					<p> Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado:</label>
					<p> Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
					<label>Fontes de Financiamento:</label>
					<p> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>