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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250041i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20250041i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Short Editorial</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>&quot;Triple Rule-Out&quot;: Including the Abdominal Aorta With a Clear Conscience?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7232-4552</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Magalhães</surname><given-names>Tiago A.</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Complexo Hospital de Clínicas</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (CHC-UFPR), Curitiba, PR – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hcor</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hcor, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Sírio Libanês</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label> <bold>Tiago Magalhães</bold> • Hospital do Coração. Rua Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 147. Postal code: <postal-code>04004-030</postal-code>. São Paulo, SP – Brazil E-mail: <email>tiaugusto@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>01</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2025</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2025</year></pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<elocation-id>e20250041</elocation-id>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>X-Ray Computed Tomography</kwd>
<kwd>Angiography</kwd>
<kwd>Patient Safety</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="0"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="5"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p>The triple rule-out computed tomography angiography (TRO CTA) has been established as a valuable tool in the emergency care of patients with chest pain.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> By allowing simultaneous assessment of the coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, and pulmonary arteries, this approach provides high diagnostic value, particularly in patients at low to intermediate risk of acute coronary syndrome, aortic dissection, and pulmonary thromboembolism. However, the main criticism of TRO CTA remains its significant radiation exposure,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> especially when retrospective electrocardiographic synchronization techniques are used.</p>
<p>The study by Bertolazzi et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> published in this issue contributes to this debate by comparing two TRO CTA protocols that include an extension to the abdominal aorta – one fully synchronized with the electrocardiogram (ECG) and a second partially (in chest images only) synchronized with the ECG. Although simple, the hypothesis is clinically relevant: would it be possible to maintain diagnostic image quality while significantly reducing radiation exposure with a partially ECG-synchronized protocol?</p>
<sec>
<title>Less is More – Less Radiation Dose, More Patient Safety</title>
<p>The main strength of the study lies in its methodological approach. The authors selected patients who had previously undergone the TRO CTA protocol including the abdominal aorta with full electrocardiographic synchronization. After obtaining consent, they performed a new examination using the partial electrocardiographic synchronization protocol, enabling a robust comparison through a &quot;matched case-control&quot; model. This approach minimizes bias related to anatomical and technical variability among different individuals.</p>
<p>The results were interesting. The dose reduction was significant: the mean effective dose of the protocol with partial ECG synchronization was 47.9% lower than that of the protocol with full synchronization (17.0 mSv vs. 32.6 mSv, p&lt;0.001). It is noteworthy that this reduction in radiation dose was not accompanied by a compromise in image quality. The quantitative assessment of attenuation values in critical vascular regions – such as the ascending aorta, descending aorta, abdominal aorta, and pulmonary trunk – showed no statistically significant differences. Similarly, the subjective qualitative evaluation demonstrated equivalence between the two protocols in terms of image quality of the assessed anatomical structures.</p>
<p>The present study also stands out for including the abdominal aorta in the acquisition, which is not commonly reported in previous publications on TRO CTA. This is particularly relevant as it expands the clinical utility of the exam by allowing a complete evaluation of the aorta when there is suspicion of descending dissections or abdominal involvement – a considerable diagnostic benefit, especially in emergency settings. At this point, however, a comment is warranted: although technically feasible and clinically useful, the TRO CTA protocol with extension to the abdominal aorta should be indicated with caution. The rational use of diagnostic resources should always guide our decisions. An examination evaluating multiple vascular territories, as presented, is only justified when there is clinical uncertainty or a real need to investigate all these segments. In other words, the fact that we can see more, with less radiation, does not mean we should always see everything.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Impact on clinical practice and future perspectives</title>
<p>The implementation of hybrid protocols with partial ECG synchronization represents a realistic and accessible alternative for institutions seeking to optimize their diagnostic workflows with safety and reduced radiation exposure. The study proposes a technical acquisition model that can be replicated by institutions already using TRO CTA and wishing to extend anatomical coverage without proportionally increasing radiation burden. The approach seems accessible and feasible for centers with ‘intermediate’ CT scanners, available in most major urban centers. Furthermore, the reduced radiation dose protocol should not negatively impact patient flow, exam execution time, or image reconstruction and post-processing times compared to the conventional strategy.</p>
<p>Despite the clear benefit of radiation dose reduction, the future calls for cost-effectiveness and clinical outcome evaluations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> While image quality and dose reduction are fundamental, the impact of this protocol in terms of accuracy and cost-effectiveness in real clinical scenarios must be validated in larger cohorts and multicenter studies. As a scientific and clinical community, we must foster discussions and studies that expand this line of investigation, promoting the development of optimized examination protocols that lead to safer and more efficient clinical decisions.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
<label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label> <p><italic>Conventional and Partially ECG-Gated Triple Rule-Out Computed Tomography Angiography with Extension to Abdominal Aorta: Comparative Radiation Dose and Imaging Quality</italic></p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
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</back>
<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250041</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Minieditorial</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>&quot;Triple Rule-Out&quot;: Incluir Aorta Abdominal Sem Culpa na Consciência?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7232-4552</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Magalhães</surname><given-names>Tiago A.</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (CHC-UFPR), Curitiba, PR – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hcor, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><label>Correspondência:</label> <bold>Tiago Magalhães</bold> • Hospital do Coração. Rua Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 147. CEP: <postal-code>04004-030</postal-code>. São Paulo, SP – Brasil E-mail: <email>tiaugusto@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X</kwd>
<kwd>Angiografia</kwd>
<kwd>Segurança do Paciente</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<p>A tomografia computadorizada com protocolo de descarte triplo, ou <italic>Triple Rule-Out computed tomography angiography</italic> (TRO CTA), consolidou-se como uma ferramenta valiosa no atendimento emergencial de pacientes com dor torácica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Ao permitir a avaliação simultânea das artérias coronárias, aorta torácica e artérias pulmonares, essa abordagem oferece alto valor diagnóstico, especialmente em pacientes com risco baixo a intermediário de síndrome coronariana aguda, dissecção aórtica e tromboembolismo pulmonar. No entanto, a principal crítica ao TRO CTA continua sendo sua carga significativa de radiação,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> sobretudo quando técnicas retrospectivas de sincronização eletrocardiográfica são utilizadas.</p>
<p>O estudo de Bertolazzi et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> publicado nesta edição contribui para esse debate, ao comparar dois protocolos de TRO CTA que incluem extensão até a aorta abdominal – um totalmente sincronizado ao eletrocardiograma (ECG), e um segundo protocolo parcialmente sincronizado ao ECG (somente nas imagens de tórax). Embora simples, a hipótese é clinicamente relevante: seria possível preservar a qualidade diagnóstica da imagem e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzir significativamente a dose de radiação com um protocolo parcialmente sincronizado ao ECG?</p>
<sec>
<title>&quot;Menos é Mais - menos dose de radiação, mais segurança ao paciente&quot;</title>
<p>A principal força do estudo está em sua proposta metodológica. Os autores selecionaram pacientes que já haviam se submetido ao protocolo TRO CTA incluindo aorta abdominal com sincronização eletrocardiográfica total e, após consentimento, realizaram novo exame com o protocolo de sincronização eletrocardiográfica parcial, permitindo uma comparação robusta no modelo &quot;caso-controle pareado&quot;. Essa abordagem reduz o viés relacionado à variabilidade anatômica e técnica entre diferentes indivíduos.</p>
<p>Os resultados foram interessantes. A redução de dose foi significativa: a dose efetiva média do protocolo com sincronização parcial ao ECG foi 47,9% menor que a do protocolo com sincronização total (17,0 mSv vs. 32,6 mSv, p&lt;0.001). Ressalta-se que essa redução de dose de radiação não veio acompanhada de comprometimento da qualidade da imagem. A avaliação quantitativa dos valores de atenuação em regiões vasculares críticas – como a aorta ascendente, descendente, aorta abdominal e tronco pulmonar – não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Da mesma forma, a avaliação qualitativa subjetiva demonstrou equivalência entre os dois protocolos quanto à qualidade de imagem das estruturas anatômicas avaliadas.</p>
<p>O presente estudo também se destaca por incluir a aorta abdominal na aquisição, o que não é comumente relatado em publicações anteriores sobre TRO CTA. Isso é particularmente relevante, pois amplia a utilidade clínica do exame ao permitir a avaliação completa da aorta quando há suspeita de dissecções descendentes ou envolvimento abdominal – um benefício diagnóstico considerável, sobretudo em contextos emergenciais. Neste ponto, entretanto, cabe um comentário: embora tecnicamente viável e clinicamente útil, o protocolo de TRO CTA com extensão à aorta abdominal deve ser indicado com parcimônia. A utilização racional dos recursos diagnósticos deve sempre nortear nossas decisões. Um exame de avaliação de múltiplos territórios vasculares, como o apresentado, só se justifica quando houver dúvida clínica ou necessidade real de investigar todos estes segmentos. Ou seja, o fato de podermos ver mais, com menos radiação, não significa que devamos ver tudo, sempre.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Impacto na Prática Clínica e Oportunidades Futuras</title>
<p>A implementação de protocolos híbridos parcialmente sincronizados ao ECG representa uma alternativa realista e acessível para instituições que buscam otimizar seus fluxos diagnósticos com segurança e menor exposição à radiação. O trabalho propõe um modelo técnico de aquisição que pode ser reproduzido por instituições que já utilizam TRO CTA e desejam estender a cobertura anatômica sem ampliar proporcionalmente a carga de radiação. A proposta parece acessível e factível a centros com tomógrafos &quot;intermediários&quot;, disponíveis na maior parte dos grandes centros urbanos. Além disso, o protocolo com dose de radiação reduzida não deve impactar negativamente nos fluxos de atendimento, tempo de realização dos exames, bem como nos tempos de reconstrução e pós-processamento das imagens, quando comparados à estratégia convencional.</p>
<p>Apesar do claro benefício de redução de dose de radiação, o futuro pede por avaliações de custo-efetividade e de desfechos clínicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Ainda que a qualidade de imagem e a redução de dose sejam fundamentais, o impacto deste protocolo em termos de acurácia e custo-efetividade em cenários clínicos reais deve ser validado em coortes maiores e em estudos multicêntricos. Como massa crítica (científica e assistencial), cabe-nos fomentar discussões e estudos que ampliem essa linha de investigação, promovendo desenvolvimento de protocolos otimizados de execução de exames que resultem em decisões clínicas mais seguras e eficientes.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
<label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label> <p><italic>Angiotomografia Computadorizada com Descarte Triplo Convencional e Parcialmente Sincronizada ao ECG com Cobertura da Aorta Abdominal: Comparação da Dose de Radiação e da Qualidade da Imagem</italic></p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
</back>
</sub-article>
</article>
