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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250039i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20250039i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Editorial</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>New Tools for Optimizing HF Management: The Role of POCUS in the Office</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5774-2780</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Danzmann</surname><given-names>Luiz Claudio</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-8327-1371</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Kalil</surname><given-names>Elisa</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-8569-4723</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Kalil</surname><given-names>Soraya Abunader</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Luterana do Brasil</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Canoas</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Grupo Hospitalar Conceição</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label> <bold>Luiz Claudio Danzmann</bold> • Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre. Rua Professor Annes Dias, 295. Postal code: <postal-code>90020-090</postal-code>. Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil E-mail: <email>luizdanzmann@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2025</year></pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<elocation-id>e20250039</elocation-id>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
<kwd>Ultrasonography</kwd>
<kwd>Ambulatory Care</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="2"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="13"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec>
<title>A Reflection on Clinical and Subclinical Circulatory Congestion</title>
<p>The management of heart failure (HF) has improved over the past 20 years, mainly due to advances in diagnostic methods and circulatory decongestion strategies. Several management strategies have demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptoms, lowering rates of HF decompensation events, decreasing mortality indices, and improving surrogate markers of clinical events, such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In HF management, the need for detecting and monitoring circulatory congestion is justified by its strong association with neurohormonal activation and systemic inflammation, which contribute to the progressive worsening of HF and, consequently, a higher incidence of clinical events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>But what is the evidence supporting decongestion strategies with diuretics in reducing hard outcomes? In the outpatient setting, the STRONG-HF clinical trial<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> is a good example. Comparing intensive optimization strategy versus usual HF treatment after hospital discharge, the study demonstrated that the group with more frequent visits and more intensive management achieved an absolute risk reduction of 8.1% (15.2% vs. 23.3%, P=0.0021) in the combined outcome of all-cause mortality and/or HF hospitalization within 180 days of follow-up.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The statistically significant reduction in clinical signs of congestion, along with a 27% decrease in natriuretic peptide (NP) levels after three months, provided proof of concept for the relationship between decongestion and clinical benefit. This evidence reinforces the need to detect subclinical congestion, especially during the vulnerable phase of HF, which occurs between one and three months after an HF hospitalization, a period in which most potentially preventable events take place.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<sec>
<title>The State of the Art in Congestion Detection and Monitoring in 2025</title>
<p>The identification of orthopnea, jugular vein distension, and third heart sound offers high specificity for diagnosing congestion, whereas ankle edema and crackling rales demonstrate lower diagnostic accuracy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Among the complementary methods already tested to increase accuracy in detecting fluid overload, serum NP levels and various ultrasound techniques are already recommended by current guidelines and have established applicability in emergency and inpatient settings.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> However, the incorporation of these complementary diagnostic tests in the outpatient setting has been slower in Brazil compared to the rest of the world, especially regarding the point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) technique.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Is POCUS in the office useful? What is the evidence?</title>
<p>Similar to its proven utility in emergency rooms, the goal of POCUS in the office setting is to identify and monitor pulmonary and systemic venous congestion, with the option to include imaging of cardiac structure and function.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> From a practical standpoint, a quick assessment of the lungs and inferior vena cava – including the identification of vertical echogenic pulmonary lines originating from the pleura (B-lines) with three or more lines in more than one bilateral lung field – the absence of echoes in the pleural space, indicating effusion, and changes in the inferior vena cava diameter (with a diameter greater than 21mm and inspiratory collapse of less than 50%) provides strong diagnostic accuracy for detecting subclinical congestion.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
<p>The association of imaging with clinical events in outpatients has been extensively investigated. In the outpatient setting, a 2013 study allocated a cohort of 97 outpatients with HF who underwent pulmonary ultrasound (PU) using a 28-lung-field model, echocardiography, and NP measurement. In assessing diagnostic accuracy for HF decompensation, PU outperformed other methods, with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 83% for a ≥15 B-lines cutoff, demonstrating its ability to reliably and early detect clinical congestion.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> In another study, Platz et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> used a more contemporary PU model, recording four bilateral lung fields in a population of 195 HF patients with NYHA functional class II-IV. During outpatient consultation, patients in the third tertile of congestion line distribution (≥3 B-lines) had a fourfold increased risk of the primary outcome (adjusted HR: 4.08, 95% CI: 1.95-8.54; p &lt; 0.001) and fewer days alive and out of the hospital (125 days vs. 165 days; adjusted p &lt; 0.001).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Additionally, in an outpatient setting of HF patients with preserved ejection fraction, in whom clinical congestion signs are often not apparent, POCUS also demonstrated a significant correlation between B-line count and NT-proBNP levels (p &lt; 0.001). Notably, among individuals in the upper tertile of B-lines, 76% had no crackles on auscultation, and 50% did not show elevated NT-proBNP levels, highlighting ultrasound&apos;s ability to detect subclinical congestion early.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
<p>Therefore, the use of POCUS in the office setting is associated with practicality and scientific evidence of better diagnostic and prognostic accuracy compared to standard management, especially when considering the detection of subclinical congestion.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Limitations of POCUS in the office</title>
<p>In PU and inferior vena cava assessment, several limitations must be considered in clinical practice. In pulmonary fibrosis, the usual reverberation pattern is altered due to the destruction of alveolar structures and the formation of consolidation areas and interstitial thickening, which reduces the visualization of A-lines and hinders the proper interpretation of B-lines, potentially leading to false positives for pulmonary congestion. In atelectasis, pulmonary collapse also alters echogenicity, potentially resembling both infectious consolidations and congestion signs, making it difficult to differentiate between infectious and hemodynamic causes. In the case of pulmonary infections, such as pneumonia, the formation of consolidation areas and mixed artifacts distorts the expected ultrasound pattern, masking or mimicking edema conditions. In obese individuals, the increased thickness of the thoracic wall compromises ultrasound beam penetration, reducing image quality and making it difficult to identify A and B lines as well as to accurately assess the inferior vena cava. In these situations, the scarcity of lines may be misinterpreted as clinical improvement, when in reality it is merely a technical limitation. Additionally, the cost of technology in Brazil remains a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of these diagnostic tools in the outpatient setting.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>POCUS in the office: seeing fluids at the bedside</title>
<p>POCUS has been called the stethoscope of the 21st century—but is it? The term ‘integration’ with traditional examination seems more accurate, as imaging offers greater reproducibility, the possibility of storage for evolutionary follow-up, and a growing body of evidence correlating its findings with adverse clinical outcomes. POCUS does not replace the traditional approach but complements it. In 2025, POCUS expands our senses. Beyond touching and listening to the excess of organic fluids at the bedside, we can now see them (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><title>Touch, hear and see congestion: POCUS in the office.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-02-e20250039-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
</sec>
</sec>
</body>
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</back>
<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250039</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Editorial</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Novas Ferramentas de Otimização do Manejo na IC: O Papel do POCUS no Consultório</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5774-2780</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Danzmann</surname><given-names>Luiz Claudio</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-8327-1371</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Kalil</surname><given-names>Elisa</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-8569-4723</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Kalil</surname><given-names>Soraya Abunader</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Canoas</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><label>Correspondência:</label> <bold>Luiz Claudio Danzmann</bold> • Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre. Rua Professor Annes Dias, 295. CEP: <postal-code>90020-090</postal-code>. Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil E-mail: <email>luizdanzmann@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca</kwd>
<kwd>Ultrassonografia</kwd>
<kwd>Assistência Ambulatorial</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<sec>
<title>Uma reflexão sobre a congestão circulatória clínica e subclínica</title>
<p>O manejo da Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) foi aprimorado nos últimos 20 anos, sobretudo pelos avanços nos métodos diagnósticos e nas estratégias de descongestão circulatória. O manejo clínico com múltiplas opções medicamentosas demonstrou eficácia na redução de sintomas, das taxas de eventos de descompensação da IC, dos índices de mortalidade e na melhora de marcadores substitutos de eventos clínicos, como, por exemplo, a Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> No acompanhamento da IC, a necessidade de detecção e seguimento da congestão circulatória justifica-se por sua forte associação com a ativação da resposta neuro-humoral e inflamação sistêmica, refletindo na piora progressiva da IC (&quot;<italic>worsening heart failure</italic>&quot;) e, consequentemente, na maior incidência de eventos clínicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>Mas, quais seriam as evidências de estratégias de descongestão com diuréticos na redução de desfechos duros? No cenário ambulatorial, o ensaio clínico STRONG-HF<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> é um bom exemplo. Comparando-se a estratégia de otimização intensiva <italic>versus</italic> tratamento usual para IC após a alta hospitalar, demonstrou-se que o grupo com as visitas mais frequentes e para manejo mais intensivo obteve redução de risco absoluto de 8,1% (15,2% vs. 23,3%, P=0,0021) no desfecho combinado de mortalidade geral e ou hospitalização por IC em 180 dias de seguimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A redução estatisticamente significativa dos sinais clínicos de congestão, concomitante à diminuição de 27% nos níveis de Peptídeos Natriuréticos (PN) ao final de três meses, configurou a prova de conceito da relação entre a descongestão e o benefício clínico. Essa evidência reforça a necessidade da detecção da congestão subclínica, principalmente na fase vulnerável da IC, que consiste no período entre um e três meses após uma hospitalização por IC, período em que a maioria dos eventos potencialmente preveníveis ocorrem.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<sec>
<title>O estado da arte na detecção e no seguimento da congestão em 2025</title>
<p>A identificação de ortopneia, turgência jugular e terceira bulha oferecem elevada especificidade para o diagnóstico de congestão, mas edema de tornozelos e de estertores crepitantes demonstram menor acurácia diagnóstica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Dentre os métodos complementares já testados para aumentar a acurácia na detecção de sobrecarga hídrica, os níveis séricos de PN e as diferentes técnicas do ultrassom já são indicadas pelas diretrizes atuais e tem sua aplicabilidade recomendada para os cenários de emergência ou enfermaria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> No entanto, a incorporação desses exames de diagnóstico complementar no ambiente ambulatorial tem sido mais lenta no Brasil que no resto do mundo, principalmente quando se considera a técnica da ultrassonografia à beira do leito, a <italic>point-of-care ultrasound</italic> (POCUS).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>POCUS no consultório é útil? Quais as evidências?</title>
<p>A exemplo da utilidade do POCUS já testada na sala de emergência, o objetivo do POCUS no consultório é identificar e fazer o seguimento da congestão pulmonar e veias sistêmicas, podendo agregar ou não a imagem da estrutura e função cardíacas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Porém, sob o ponto de vista prático, a análise rápida do pulmão e da veia cava inferior com a identificação das linhas ecogênicas pulmonares verticais a partir da pleura (linhas B) com três ou mais linhas em mais de um campo pulmonar bilateralmente, a ausência de ecos no espaço pleural identificando derrame, e as alterações no calibre da veia cava inferior com diâmetro acima de 21mm e colabamento inspiratório inferior a 50%, conferem um bom rendimento diagnóstico para identificar congestão em níveis subclínicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
<p>A associação das imagens desse método com eventos clínicos em pacientes ambulatoriais já foi extensamente investigada. No cenário ambulatorial, um estudo publicado em 2013 alocou uma coorte de 97 pacientes ambulatoriais com IC que foram submetidos à Ultrassonografia Pulmonar (UP) no modelo de 28 campos pulmonares, ecocardiograma e dosagem de PN. Na avaliação da acurácia diagnóstica para descompensação da IC, a UP apresentou desempenho superior aos demais métodos, com sensibilidade de 85% e especificidade de 83% para o ponto de corte de ≥15 linhas B, evidenciando sua capacidade de identificar precocemente e de forma confiável a presença de congestão clínica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Em outro estudo, Platz et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> utilizaram um modelo mais contemporâneo de UP com registro de quatro campos pulmonares bilateralmente, numa população de 195 pacientes com IC classe funcional da NYHA II-IV. Durante consulta ambulatorial, os pacientes que estavam no terceiro tercil de distribuição de linhas de congestão (≥3 linhas B) apresentaram um risco quatro vezes maior do desfecho primário (HR ajustado: 4,08, IC de 95%, IC 1,95, 8,54; p &lt; 0,001), e menor número de dias vivos e fora do hospital (125 dias vs. 165 dias; p ajustado &lt; 0,001).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Além disso, em um contexto ambulatorial de pacientes com IC com fração de ejeção preservada, em que sinais de congestão clínica, muitas vezes não são aparentes, o POCUS também demonstrou correlação significativa entre a contagem de linhas B e os níveis de NT-proBNP (p &lt; 0,001). Notavelmente, entre os indivíduos no tercil superior de linhas B, 76% não apresentavam estertores à ausculta e 50% não exibiam elevação dos níveis de NT-proBNP, evidenciando a capacidade da ultrassonografia em detectar precocemente a congestão subclínica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
<p>A utilização do POCUS no consultório, portanto, está associada à praticidade e a evidências científicas de melhor acurácia diagnóstica e prognóstica em relação ao manejo usual, principalmente quando se leva em conta a questão da detecção da congestão subclínica.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Limitações do POCUS para o consultório</title>
<p>No UP e na avaliação da veia cava, existem várias limitações que precisam ser considerados na prática clínica. Na fibrose pulmonar, o padrão habitual de reverberação é alterado, devido à destruição das estruturas alveolares e formação de áreas de consolidação e espessamento do interstício, o que reduz a visualização das linhas A e dificulta a interpretação adequada das linhas B, podendo resultar em falsos-positivos para congestão pulmonar. Nas atelectasias, o colapso pulmonar também modifica a ecogenicidade, podendo se assemelhar tanto a consolidações infecciosas quanto a sinais de congestão, dificultando a diferenciação entre causas infecciosas e hemodinâmicas. No caso das infecções pulmonares, como pneumonias, a formação de áreas de consolidação e artefatos mistos, distorcem o padrão ultrassonográfico esperado, mascarando ou mimetizando quadros de edema. Em indivíduos obesos, o aumento da espessura da parede torácica compromete a penetração do feixe ultrassônico, reduzindo a qualidade da imagem e dificultando tanto a identificação das linhas A e B quanto a avaliação precisa da veia cava inferior. Nessas situações, a escassez de linhas pode ser interpretada erroneamente como melhora clínica, quando na verdade é apenas uma limitação técnica. Ademais, o custo da tecnologia no Brasil permanece um entrave relevante para a ampla adoção dessas ferramentas diagnósticas no cenário ambulatorial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>POCUS no consultório: enxergando os líquidos à beira do leito</title>
<p>O POCUS tem sido chamado de estetoscópio do século XXI. Será? O termo integração com o exame tradicional nos parece mais honesto, à medida que a imagem nos oferece maior reprodutibilidade, possibilidade de armazenamento para seguimento evolutivo e crescente base de evidências que correlacionam seus achados com desfechos clínicos adversos. O POCUS não substitui a abordagem tradicional, mas a complementa. Em 2025, o POCUS nos expande os sentidos. Além de tocar e ouvir o excesso de líquidos orgânicos à beira do leito, podemos também enxergar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption><title>Tocar, ouvir e enxergar a congestão: POCUS no consultório.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-02-e20250039-gf02.tif"/>
</fig>
</sec>
</sec>
</body>
</sub-article>
</article>
