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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250020i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20250020i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Assessment of Coronary Flow Reserve by Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy using CZT Equipment</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5367-7897</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Ker</surname><given-names>Wilter dos Santos</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research and acquisition of data</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3988-4304</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Yahiro</surname><given-names>Davi Shunji</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research and acquisition of data</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0608-149X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mangas</surname><given-names>Gabriel de Moraes</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research and acquisition of data</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3825-6055</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Salomão</surname><given-names>Isabelle Mendes Rodrigues</given-names></name>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-5750-1749</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Flor</surname><given-names>José Augusto Antonio Alves</given-names></name>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-5814-8235</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Vianna</surname><given-names>Hugo Matheus Silvestre</given-names></name>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1466-9413</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mesquita</surname><given-names>Cláudio Tinoco</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research and acquisition of data</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Pró-Cardíaco</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Niterói</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Vitória e Hospital Samaritano Barra</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Vitória e Hospital Samaritano Barra, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label> <bold>Gabriel de Moraes Mangas</bold> • Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Des. Athayde Parreiras, 100. Postal Code: <postal-code>24220-900</postal-code>. Niterói, RJ – Brazil E-mail: <email>gabrielmangas@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><label>Editor responsible for the review:</label> <p>Marcelo Tavares</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>01</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2025</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2025</year></pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<elocation-id>e20250020</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>04</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>09</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<title>Abstract</title>
<p>This case report presents a myocardial perfusion analysis in a 67-year-old asymptomatic male patient with known coronary artery disease (CAD) and multiple risk factors. While myocardial perfusion Imaging (MPI) with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed a 5% area of ischemia, the myocardial blood flow quantification assessment in a camera equipped with cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors demonstrated a reduced global myocardial flow reserve (MFR) of 1.57. Coronary angiography confirmed extensive multivessel disease, including an 80% stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and an occlusion of the circumflex artery (LCx), findings not fully identified by the semi-quantitative SPECT MPI. This case underscores the importance of MFR assessment, particularly using CZT technology, in detecting significant CAD that may be underestimated by traditional SPECT methods. It highlights the potential of dynamic CZT SPECT to provide more comprehensive functional information, enhancing risk stratification and potentially influencing patient management in complex cases of suspected or known CAD.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
<kwd>Single-Photon Emission-Computed Tomography</kwd>
<kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="2"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="10"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognostic evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD), with its clinical value being well established.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Although SPECT provides valuable information, it also has certain limitations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Recent advancements in novel cameras using cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors offer improved spatial and temporal resolution, enabling dynamic imaging and assessment of myocardial flow reserve (MFR).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> MFR serves as an indicator of microvascular function and has been shown to provide incremental information beyond perfusion analysis alone.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Studies have demonstrated good correlation between CZT SPECT and positron emission tomography (PET) for myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>This case report highlights the limitations of SPECT without myocardial blood flow quantification in a patient with suspected CAD and underscores the importance of MFR assessment using CZT SPECT. It demonstrates how quantitative flow data can reveal critical information that is not readily apparent through traditional qualitative or semi-quantitative SPECT analysis, with potential implications for clinical decision-making and patient management.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Case report</title>
<p>A 67-year-old asymptomatic male patient with a medical history of systemic arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sedentary lifestyle, and former smoking. He reported undergoing coronary angioplasty 10 years ago in the right coronary artery (RCA). The patient was on beta-blockers, statins, calcium channel blockers, spironolactone, antiplatelet agents, and proton pump inhibitors. He underwent myocardial perfusion scintigraphy at rest and after pharmacologic stress with dipyridamole, using 12 mCi and 36 mCi, respectively, of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sestamibi on a D-SPECT CARDIO system (Spectrum Dynamics Medical) for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia and coronary flow reserve (CFR). Pharmacologic stress was performed using dipyridamole (0.568 mg/kg) over 4 minutes, with 99mTc-sestamibi administered at the 7th minute for acquisition of both dynamic and perfusion images.</p>
<p>Perfusion analysis revealed an estimated ischemic defect involving 5% of the left ventricle, affecting the mid anterior, mid anterolateral, and mid inferior segments. The global MFR was reduced, with an estimated value of 1.57 (normal &gt; 2.0). Segmental MFR values (stress/rest) were estimated at 1.60 in the RCA, 1.02 in the circumflex artery (LCx), and 1.83 in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). The patient subsequently underwent coronary angiography, which showed a patent previous stent, a calcified 80% stenosis in the LAD, 50% in the RCA, 90% in the posterior descending artery (PDA), and total occlusion of the LCx (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<p>A) Electrocardiogram (resting): sinus rhythm, nonspecific ventricular repolarization abnormalities. B) Electrocardiogram: Peak pharmacological stress showing ST-segment depression. C) Perfusion analysis relative to stress-induced myocardial ischemia in the anterior (middle), anterolateral (middle), and inferior (middle) segments. Estimated ischemic defect area in 5% of the left ventricle. Fixed defect in the inferior segment (apical). D) Coronary flow reserve: There was no adequate increase in blood flow in the myocardium under stress. Global MBF reserve = 1.57. Reserve (stress/rest) in the LAD = 1.83; LCX = 1.02; RCA = 1.60. Post-stress ejection fraction was estimated at 68%. E) Coronary angiography: Obstructive three-vessel atherosclerotic CAD. Left coronary artery: left coronary artery trunk with diffuse non-obstructive irregularities and calcifications. LAD with 70% lesions in the middle third and 80% in the distal third. LCX occluded in the proximal third. RCA with 50% lesion in the proximal third, 30% in the distal third. Posterior descending artery with 90% lesion in the middle third. Posterior ventricular branch with 40% lesion in the proximal third intrastent. LAD: left anterior descending artery; LCX: left circumflex artery; RCA: right coronary artery.</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-02-e20250020-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussion</title>
<p>This case report highlights how myocardial perfusion scintigraphy can underestimate the extent of myocardial ischemia. It underscores the importance of evaluating coronary flow reserve (CFR). CFR provides a more comprehensive assessment of myocardial perfusion through the absolute quantification of blood flow.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Although the patient was asymptomatic, with known coronary artery disease (CAD) and a low ischemic burden, the reduced CFR indicates a high risk of extensive CAD and future cardiac events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The coronary microvasculature plays a crucial role in myocardial perfusion, and its assessment improves risk stratification.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
<p>CZT cameras offer higher resolution, 3D dynamic acquisition capability, and accurate myocardial flow reserve (MFR) assessments, which enhance the detection of ischemic regions—particularly in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> In this case, a D-SPECT system (CZT camera) was used, revealing a discrepancy between the findings of semi-quantitative SPECT and the blood flow quantification data obtained through dynamic CZT SPECT imaging. The detection of a globally impaired flow reserve is associated with more extensive anatomic coronary disease, and the territory of the circumflex artery—where a coronary occlusion was identified—showed the most pronounced reduction in regional MFR, demonstrating the superior diagnostic accuracy of CZT technology.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions">
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The reported case highlights the importance of considering myocardial flow reserve (MFR) and the potential use of CZT gamma cameras in the evaluation of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD), especially when myocardial perfusion findings are inconclusive or inconsistent with the clinical presentation.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
<label>Sources of Funding</label>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2"><label>Study Association</label>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3"><label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
<p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Pró-Cardíaco under the protocol number 80960324.0.0000.5533. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4"><label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
<p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
<label>Availability of Research Data and Other Materials</label>
<p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
</sec>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250020</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Avaliação da Reserva de Fluxo Coronário por Cintilografia de Perfusão do Miocárdio com Equipamento CZT</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5367-7897</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Ker</surname><given-names>Wilter dos Santos</given-names></name>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e obtenção de dados</role>
<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3988-4304</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Yahiro</surname><given-names>Davi Shunji</given-names></name>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e obtenção de dados</role>
<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0608-149X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mangas</surname><given-names>Gabriel de Moraes</given-names></name>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e obtenção de dados</role>
<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3825-6055</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Salomão</surname><given-names>Isabelle Mendes Rodrigues</given-names></name>
<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-5750-1749</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Flor</surname><given-names>José Augusto Antonio Alves</given-names></name>
<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-5814-8235</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Vianna</surname><given-names>Hugo Matheus Silvestre</given-names></name>
<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1466-9413</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mesquita</surname><given-names>Cláudio Tinoco</given-names></name>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e obtenção de dados</role>
<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Niterói</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Vitória e Hospital Samaritano Barra, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><label>Correspondência:</label> <bold>Gabriel de Moraes Mangas</bold> • Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Des. Athayde Parreiras, 100. CEP: <postal-code>24220-900</postal-code>. Niterói, RJ – Brasil E-mail: <email>gabrielmangas@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label> <p>Marcelo Tavares</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<abstract>
<title>Resumo</title>
<p>O presente relato de caso apresenta análise da perfusão do miocárdio em um paciente masculino assintomático de 67 anos com doença arterial coronariana (DAC) conhecida e múltiplos fatores de risco. Enquanto a perfusão do miocárdio por tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (SPECT) revelou área de isquemia do miocárdio de 5%, a gama câmara utilizando detectores de telureto de cádmio e zinco (CZT) revelou uma reserva de fluxo miocárdico (RFM) global reduzida (1,57). A cinecoronariografia coronária confirmou doença multiarterial extensa, incluindo uma lesão de 80% na artéria descendente anterior (ADA) e uma oclusão da artéria circunflexa (ACX), achados não totalmente reconhecidos pela perfusão do miocárdio por SPECT. O presente caso demonstra a importância da avaliação da RFM, particularmente usando a tecnologia CZT, na identificação de DAC significativa que pode ser subestimada pelos métodos tradicionais de SPECT. Isso destaca o potencial da CZT para fornecer informações funcionais mais abrangentes, melhorando a estratificação de risco e potencialmente influenciando o manejo do paciente em casos complexos de DAC suspeita ou conhecida.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Doença da Artéria Coronariana</kwd>
<kwd>Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único</kwd>
<kwd>Isquemia Miocárdica</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introdução</title>
<p>A perfusão do miocárdio por tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (SPECT) desempenha um papel crucial no diagnóstico, na estratificação de risco e na avaliação do prognóstico da doença arterial coronariana (DAC), com seu valor clínico sendo amplamente reconhecido.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Embora a perfusão do miocárdio por SPECT forneça informações valiosas, ela apresenta algumas limitações.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Avanços recentes em novas gama câmaras, que utilizam detectores de cádmio, zinco e telúrio (CZT), apresentam maior resolução temporal e especial, permitindo aquisição de imagens dinâmicas e a avaliação da reserva de fluxo miocárdico (RFM).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A RFM é um indicador da análise microvascular e demonstrou fornecer informações incrementais que vão além da análise isolada da perfusão.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Estudos demonstraram uma boa correlação entre CZT e a tomografia por emissão de pósitron (PET) para quantificação do fluxo sanguíneo miocárdico (FSM).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Este relato de caso destaca as limitações da SPECT sem quantificação do fluxo sanguíneo miocárdico (MBF) em um paciente com suspeita de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) e ressalta a importância da avaliação da reserva de fluxo miocárdico (RFM) utilizando SPECT com detectores de telureto de cádmio e zinco (CZT), demonstrando como os dados quantitativos de fluxo podem fornecer informações críticas que não são facilmente perceptíveis por meio da análise qualitativa e semi-quantitativa tradicional da SPECT, com potencial impacto na tomada de decisão e no manejo do paciente.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Relato de caso</title>
<p>Paciente do sexo masculino, 67 anos de idade, assintomático. História clínica de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, sedentarismo e ex-tabagista. Relato de angioplastia coronária há 10 anos na artéria coronária direita (ACD). Paciente em uso de betabloqueador, estatina, bloqueador dos canais de cálcio, espironolactona, agente antiplaquetário e inibidor da bomba de prótons. Foi submetido à cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica em repouso e após estresse farmacológico com dipiridamol, atividades respectivamente de 12 mCi e 36 mCi, do radiofármaco 99mTc-Sestamibi em equipamento D-SPECT CARDIO da Spectrum Dynamics Medical para avaliação de isquemia miocárdica e da reserva de fluxo coronariano. A fase do estresse farmacológico foi feita através do fármaco dipiridamol (0,568 mg/kg) durante 4 minutos e injeção do 99mTc-Sestamibi no 7°. minuto para aquisição de imagens dinâmicas e de perfusão.</p>
<p>A análise de perfusão demonstrou área estimada de defeito isquêmico em 5% do ventrículo esquerdo nos segmentos anterior (médio), anterolateral (médio) e inferior (médio); com redução da RFC estimada em 1,57 (valor normal &gt; 2,0). A reserva (estresse/repouso) foi estimada em 1,60 na ACD, 1,02 na ACX, e 1,83 na ADA (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>). O paciente foi submetido à angiografia coronária, que identificou perviedade do stent anterior, lesão calcificada de 80% na artéria descendente anterior (ADA), 50% na ACD, 90% na artéria descendente posterior (ADP) e oclusão da artéria circunflexa (ACX) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<p>A) Eletrocardiograma (repouso): ritmo sinusal, anormalidades inespecíficas da repolarização ventricular. B) Eletrocardiograma: Pico de estresse farmacológico mostra depressão do segmento ST. C) Análise de perfusão relativa à isquemia miocárdica induzida por estresse nos segmentos anterior (médio), anterolateral (médio) e inferior (médio). Área estimada de defeito isquêmico em 5% do ventrículo esquerdo. Defeito fixo no segmento inferior (apical). D) Reserva de fluxo coronário: Não houve aumento adequado do fluxo sanguíneo no miocárdio sob estresse. RFM global = 1,57. Reserva (estresse/repouso) na ADAE = 1,83; ACX = 1,02; ACD = 1,60. A fração de ejeção pós-estresse foi estimada em 68%. E) Angiografia coronária: DAC aterosclerótica obstrutiva de três vasos. Artéria coronária esquerda: tronco da artéria coronária esquerda com irregularidades e calcificações difusas e não obstrutivas. ADAE com lesões de 70% no terço médio e 80% no terço distal. ACX ocluída no terço proximal. ACD com lesão de 50% no terço proximal e 30% no terço distal. Artéria descendente posterior com lesão de 90% no terço médio. Ramo ventricular posterior com lesão de 40% no terço proximal intrastent. ACD: artéria coronária direita; ADAE: artéria descendente anterior esquerda; ACX: artéria circunflexa esquerda.</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-02-e20250020-gf01-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussão</title>
<p>O presente relato de caso destaca como a cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio pode subestimar a extensão da isquemia miocárdica. Isso enfatiza a importância da avaliação da RFM. A RFM fornece uma avaliação mais abrangente da perfusão miocárdica por meio da quantificação absoluta do fluxo sanguíneo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Embora o paciente fosse assintomático, com DAC conhecida e baixa carga isquêmica, sua RFM reduzida indica um alto risco de DAC extensa e eventos cardíacos futuros.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A microvasculatura coronária é um fator crucial na perfusão miocárdica e sua avaliação melhora a estratificação de risco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
<p>As câmaras CZT oferecem maior resolução, capacidade de aquisição dinâmica 3D, e avaliações de RFM precisas, o que melhora a detecção da região isquêmica, especialmente em pacientes com DAC obstrutiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Neste caso, foi utilizado equipamento D-SPECT (câmara CZT), que revelou uma discordância entre as informações do SPECT convencional com os dados da quantificação obtidos com a técnica de SPECT dinâmico. A detecção de uma reserva de fluxo global comprometida está associada a maior extensão de doença coronariana anatômica, e o território da artéria circunflexa, onde há oclusão coronariana, é o que apresenta maior comprometimento da reserva de fluxo miocárdica regional, mostrando uma avaliação mais acurada da tecnologia CZT.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions">
<title>Conclusão</title>
<p>O caso relatado destaca a importância de considerar a RFM e potencialmente utilizar câmaras CZT na avaliação de pacientes com DAC suspeita ou conhecida, especialmente quando os achados da perfusão do miocárdio são inconclusivos ou discordantes com a apresentação clínica.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
<label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6"><label>Vinculação Acadêmica</label>
<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7"><label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</label>
<p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Pró-Cardíaco sob o número de protocolo 80960324.0.0000.5533. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo estão de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes incluídos no estudo.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8"><label>Uso de Inteligência Artificial</label>
<p>Os autores não utilizaram ferramentas de inteligência artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho</p></fn>
</fn-group>
<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
<label>Disponibilidade de Dados</label>
<p>Os conteúdos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa estão contidos no manuscrito.</p>
</sec>
</back>
</sub-article>
</article>