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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20250013i</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250013i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Original Article</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Misinterpretation of Indeterminate Diastolic Function: Awareness and Insights from a Survey among Brazilian Cardiologists</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9131-0439</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rassi</surname>
						<given-names>Daniela do Carmo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>statistical analysis and writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7210-6486</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rassi</surname>
						<given-names>Salvador</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>statistical analysis and writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5153-8420</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Assef</surname>
						<given-names>Jorge Eduardo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7046-8707</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Felix</surname>
						<given-names>Alex dos Santos</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5903-987X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Beck</surname>
						<given-names>Adenalva Lima de Souza</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2932-766X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Cruz</surname>
						<given-names>Cecília Beatriz Bittencourt Viana</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0711-7995</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barberato</surname>
						<given-names>Silvio Henrique</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>statistical analysis and writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goiás</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>2</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital São Francisco de Assis</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital São Francisco de Assis, Goiânia, GO – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff3">
					<label>3</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff4">
					<label>4</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff5">
					<label>5</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia e Transplantes do Distrito Federal</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Brasília</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia e Transplantes do Distrito Federal, Brasília, DF – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff6">
					<label>6</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de São Paulo</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Coração</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff7">
					<label>7</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Cardioeco – Centro de Diagnóstico Cardiovascular</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Cardioeco – Centro de Diagnóstico Cardiovascular, Curitiba, PR – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff8">
					<label>8</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Quanta Diagnóstico por Imagem</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Quanta Diagnóstico por Imagem, Curitiba, PR – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Daniela do Carmo Rassi</bold> • Hospital São Francisco de Assis. Rua 9ª. Postal code: <postal-code>74075-250</postal-code>. Goiânia, GO – Brazil E-mail: <email>dani.rassi@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p>Marcelo Tavares</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>28</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>38</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20250013</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>13</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>14</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>14</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Background:</title>
					<p>Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is highly prevalent and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. More recent guidelines have introduced the classification of Indeterminate Diastolic Function or Indeterminate Diastolic Dysfunction (IDF or IDD). Nevertheless, both diagnoses are still poorly understood in clinical practice, with variable prevalence.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Objectives:</title>
					<p>Assess the understanding of IDF and IDD among non-echocardiographer cardiologists in Brazil.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Methods:</title>
					<p>A nationwide online survey was conducted among non-echocardiography readers cardiologists via mobile messaging platforms. A brief and anonymous questionnaire on knowledge and interpretation of Diastolic Function.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Results:</title>
					<p>A total of 570 cardiologists from all regions of Brazil participated in the study. Most participants (64.21%) had more than ten years of clinical experience. While 71% correctly identified grades 2 or 3 as indicative of elevated filling pressures, only 34.21% accurately understood the diagnostic criteria for IDF or IDD. Among the mistakes associated with the indeterminate classification, the following stand out: attribution of this status to conditions that interfere with the assessment of diastole (49.12%), technical limitations of the echocardiography equipment (3.33%), and alleged lack of knowledge by echocardiographers (4.91%). In addition, 46.7% reported finding this diagnosis rarely in the reports, 33.5% believed that this classification influenced clinical conduct, and 43.5% considered that the examination could have been better performed.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusion:</title>
					<p>Despite knowledge about diastolic function, misinterpretation of IDF or IDD is still common among non-echocardiographer cardiologists. Investment in education, sharing these concepts with clinicians, and clear guidelines are essential to optimize the use and diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords</title>
				<kwd>Diastole</kwd>
				<kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
				<kwd>Practice Guidelines as Topic</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="6"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="9"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>The analysis of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is key in an echocardiographic examination and is performed using echocardiography, which has been established as the main imaging tool for this evaluation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Although invasive methods for measuring ventricular relaxation and filling pressures are considered the gold standard, echocardiography is widely preferred due to its high temporal resolution, reproducibility, validation of measurements, and wide availability at the bedside, and because it does not require invasive procedures or does not expose the patient to ionizing radiation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction (LVDD) is highly prevalent, especially among the elderly, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, DD may contribute to the development and progression of Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF), a condition characterized by increased LV filling pressures.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Ventricular Diastole can be classified as normal or presenting Diastolic Dysfunction (DD) in grades 1, 2, or 3, or even as indeterminate, when it is not possible to establish its presence or severity. The guidelines of the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), published in 2016, sought to simplify this assessment, with clearer and more objective criteria, compared to the previous version.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<fig id="f3">
				<label>Central Illustration</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Misinterpretation of Indeterminate Diastolic Function: Awareness and Insights from a Survey among Brazilian Cardiologists</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-01-e20250013-gf03.tif"/>
				<p>IDF: Indeterminate Diastolic Function; IDD: Indeterminate Diastolic Dysfunction.</p>
			</fig>
			<p>However, the analysis of Diastolic Function and Left Ventricular Filling Pressures (LVFP) by echocardiography can be challenging, especially in patients with preserved LV ejection fraction, due to the need to evaluate multiple parameters for an accurate diagnosis. Despite all diagnostic efforts, a considerable proportion of patients are still classified as having indeterminate diastolic function (IDF), with prevalence ranging from 10% to 20% of the cases, according to previous studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> This can be frustrating both for the professionals who perform the examination and for clinical cardiologists, who often depend on this diagnosis to define a therapeutic approach for the patient.</p>
			<p>Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the understanding of the diastolic function or indeterminate diastolic dysfunction (IDD) classification in echocardiography reports by cardiologists not specialized in echocardiography in Brazil and analyze the knowledge these professionals have about diastolic function classification.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="methods">
			<title>Methods</title>
			<p>A nationwide, voluntary, online survey applied to cardiologists not specialized in echocardiography was conducted via mobile messaging platforms from June 1 to June 30. A brief online questionnaire was applied using the SurveyMonkey platform, anonymously, with no option for personal identification. There was no financial or material compensation for the participation in the research. The questionnaire consisted of seven questions (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://pt.surveymonkey.com/r/Y8NN97F">https://pt.surveymonkey.com/r/Y8NN97F</ext-link>), which were mandatory to complete, about time since medical training, region of practice, general knowledge about Diastolic Function, and how the result of a report impacts medical practice. The questions were multiple choice, with no possibility of open answers.</p>
			<p>The complete questionnaire can be found in &quot;Supplementary Material&quot;. Under the recommendation of Resolution 510 of the National Health Council, this questionnaire was not forwarded for evaluation by the CEP/CONEP system, as it is a public opinion survey with unidentified participants. The data obtained were described as categorical variables, with their absolute values, percentages, or proportions.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results">
			<title>Results</title>
			<sec>
				<title>General data</title>
				<p>A total of 570 cardiologists accessed and answered the questionnaire, with the following distribution across the regions of Brazil: Southeast (29.65%), Midwest (23.80%), Northeast (18.77%), South (16.14%), and North (11.58%).</p>
				<p>The participants were distributed according to their time since medical training: up to 5 years (23.33%), 6 to 10 years (12.46%), 11 to 20 years (26.14%), and more than 20 years (38.07%).</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Knowledge about diastolic function analysis</title>
				<p>Regarding diastolic function grading in which the patient has elevated LVEP, 1.75% responded that this would occur when diastole was classified as indeterminate, 22.16% as grade 1, 70% as grade 2 or 3, and 5.09% did not know how to respond.</p>
				<p>Regarding the understanding of what leads an echocardiographer to classify IDF or IDD in the report, the majority (49.12%) chose an inadequate option, which indicated that an indeterminate classification would be caused by pathologies that interfere with the correct assessment (e.g.: pacemaker rhythm, mitral prosthesis). The second most chosen option (34.21%) was the correct answer, which indicated that it was not possible to determine diastolic function due to the absence of sufficient criteria for classification (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
				<fig id="f1">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>The cardiologist's understanding of the echocardiographic criteria used for the report of indeterminate diastolic function or indeterminate diastolic dysfunction.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-01-e20250013-gf01.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Observed frequency of diagnosis in reports and impact on clinical management</title>
				<p>Regarding the frequency observed in echocardiography reports, concerning the report of IDF or IDD, 29.30% said they had never seen this phrase in the report, 46.67% said they rarely see it, and 24.04% said they frequently see it.</p>
				<p>Regarding the impact of this diagnosis on adequate patient management, 33.51% responded that it had an impact, 21.23% that it did not, 33.86% occasionally, and 11.40% considered the diagnosis to be a source of confusion.</p>
				<p>Faced with the diagnosis of IDF or IDD, 45.82% of the participants feel satisfied. However, a significant percentage of cardiologists, 44.51%, suspect that the exam could have been conducted in a more effective way (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
				<fig id="f2">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>How the cardiologist feels about the report of indeterminate diastolic function or indeterminate diastolic dysfunction.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-01-e20250013-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>This study provides important and unprecedented information on the interpretation, understanding, observed frequency, impact on patient management, and the perception of cardiologists when faced with an IDF or IDD diagnosis.</p>
			<p>There was good representation among the five regions of Brazil, which contributes to a more balanced assessment of this perception, minimizing the risk of bias associated with the concentration of knowledge in areas with greater access to resources and updates, compared to regions with more limitations in this regard.</p>
			<p>Most of the cardiologists surveyed had more than 10 years of training, which reflects good experience in reading essential cardiological exams, such as echocardiography, and in patient management care.</p>
			<p>When grading Diastolic Function in which the patient has elevated LV filling pressures, the vast majority confirmed that this occurs in grades 2 and 3 of DD according to the guidelines of the ASE and the EACVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>These guidelines are the most widely used to analyze Diastolic Function. In the absence of a myocardial disease, four echocardiographic signs are evaluated: the early diastolic tissue velocity of the septal and lateral mitral annulus (e’), the indexed left atrial volume, the ratio between the maximum mitral E velocity (early diastolic) and the mean of the velocities of the septal and lateral e’ wave, and the maximum velocity of tricuspid regurgitation. If most available data are within the normal range, LV Diastolic Function is considered normal. Otherwise, DD is observed and LV filling pressure can be estimated. If the criteria are insufficient or there is disagreement in the classification, the diastolic function is considered indeterminate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>If there is a myocardial disease or DD after the evaluation described above, filling pressures should be estimated and DD classified. The algorithm for assessing LV filling pressure first measures mitral wave velocities. If the mitral E wave velocity is &lt; 0.5 m/s and the E/A ratio is ≤ 0.8, LV filling pressure is likely normal or low, so DD is classified as grade 1, whereas a tall E wave and E/A ≥ 2 indicates elevated LV filling pressure and is classified as grade 3 DD. When the mitral E/A ratio is between 0.8 and 2.0, additional criteria are needed to assess LV filling pressure. These include mean E/e’ ratio &gt; 14, peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity &gt; 2.8 m/s, and indexed LA volume &gt; 34 mL/m². If ≥ 2 of the criteria are above the cutoff value, LV filling pressure is most likely elevated, classifying DD as grade 2. If ≥ 2 of the criteria are below the cutoff value, LV filling pressure is most likely normal and is therefore classified as grade 1. However, if all of these additional measurements, especially tricuspid regurgitation, are not available and there is discordance between the two existing measurements, DD is considered indeterminate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The proportion of cases with IDF is reduced when specific Doppler findings are carefully considered, including changes in mitral inflow velocities and E/A ratio with the Valsalva maneuver, flow velocity and duration in the pulmonary veins, including the reversed wave, and the presence of an L wave in mitral inflow with velocity ≥ 50 cm/s.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Therefore, it is clear that the diagnosis of IDF or IDD is associated with the lack of sufficient criteria or discordance between criteria.</p>
			<p>However, most cardiologists attribute this diagnosis to conditions that make it impossible to adequately analyze diastolic function, mainly because they interfere with the velocities of the mitral E waves and the tissue waves of the mitral annulus. Among these conditions, the following stand out: pacemaker rhythm, the presence of a mitral valve prosthesis, significant mitral valve diseases (stenosis or insufficiency), and left bundle branch block.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The perception of the frequency of this diagnosis in echocardiography reports was low, with almost a third of cardiologists never having observed this description. However, this contrasts with the reported prevalence of this finding in reports, which ranges from 10% to 20%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Furthermore, there is an important bias: several echocardiographers hesitate to classify diastole as indeterminate for fear that this definition would be misinterpreted by the clinical cardiologist. There is concern that this may create distrust about the examination quality, especially since the diagnosis of IDF or IDD is still not widely understood by cardiologists who do not specialize in echocardiography. This can lead to an underdiagnosis of this pattern of DD, with a tendency to classify the patient differently in a way that does not correspond to their true classification. On the other hand, Left Atrial strain has been suggested as a useful method in reclassifying cases of DD considered indeterminate by the traditional ASE-EACVI algorithm.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
			<p>This reasoning is in line with the perception of cardiologists when faced with the diagnosis of IDF or IDD. Most of them accept this classification, recognizing that determining all aspects of medicine is not always possible. However, a significant percentage, numerically close to that of the previous response, expresses distrust, suspecting that the exam could have been performed in a more effective way.</p>
			<p>Although most people are unaware of the real reason for including this diagnosis in the report, the general perception is that IDF or IDD compromises, even occasionally, effective patient management. This highlights the importance of better interaction and understanding between the echocardiography report, echocardiographers, and clinical cardiologists.</p>
			<sec>
				<title>Study limitations</title>
				<p>This research involved a relatively small sample of cardiologists, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Furthermore, based on the alternatives chosen, it was not possible to assess regional differences and training time differences, which could offer a more detailed analysis of the results obtained.</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>Despite general knowledge about Diastolic Function, misinterpretation of IDF or IDD persists among non-echocardiographer cardiologists. Investments in education, sharing these concepts with clinicians, and clear guidelines are essential to optimize the use of the exam and diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
				<label>Sources of Funding</label>
				<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<label>Study Association</label>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
				<label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
				<label>*Supplemental Materials</label>
				<p>For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abcimaging.org/supplementary-material/2025/3801/2025-0013_AO_ABCImag_Material-Suplementar.pdf">click here</ext-link>.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
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	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250013</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Artigo Original</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Interpretação Equivocada da Função Diastólica Indeterminada: Conhecimento e Percepções a Partir de uma Pesquisa Entre Cardiologistas Brasileiros</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9131-0439</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rassi</surname>
						<given-names>Daniela do Carmo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>análise estatística e redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7210-6486</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rassi</surname>
						<given-names>Salvador</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>análise estatística e redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5153-8420</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Assef</surname>
						<given-names>Jorge Eduardo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7046-8707</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Felix</surname>
						<given-names>Alex dos Santos</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5903-987X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Beck</surname>
						<given-names>Adenalva Lima de Souza</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2932-766X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Cruz</surname>
						<given-names>Cecília Beatriz Bittencourt Viana</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0711-7995</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barberato</surname>
						<given-names>Silvio Henrique</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>análise estatística e redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>7</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>8</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff9">
					<label>1</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff10">
					<label>2</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital São Francisco de Assis, Goiânia, GO – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff11">
					<label>3</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff12">
					<label>4</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff13">
					<label>5</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Brasília</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia e Transplantes do Distrito Federal, Brasília, DF – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff14">
					<label>6</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff15">
					<label>7</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Cardioeco – Centro de Diagnóstico Cardiovascular, Curitiba, PR – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff16">
					<label>8</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Quanta Diagnóstico por Imagem, Curitiba, PR – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">
					<label>Correspondência:</label><bold>Daniela do Carmo Rassi</bold> • Hospital São Francisco de Assis. Rua 9ª. CEP: <postal-code>74075-250</postal-code>. Goiânia, GO – Brasil E-mail: <email>dani.rassi@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Marcelo Tavares</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumo</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Fundamento:</title>
					<p>A disfunção diastólica (DD) é altamente prevalente e está associada a alta taxa de morbidade e mortalidade. Diretrizes mais recentes introduziram a classificação de Função ou Disfunção Diastólica Indeterminada (FDI ou DDI), mas ambos os diagnósticos ainda são pouco compreendidos na prática clínica, com prevalência variável.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Objetivos:</title>
					<p>Avaliar o entendimento sobre FDI e DDI entre cardiologistas não ecocardiografistas no Brasil.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Métodos:</title>
					<p>Pesquisa online de abrangência nacional distribuída por plataformas de mensagens móveis, com um questionário breve e anônimo sobre conhecimento e interpretação da Função Diastólica.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Resultados:</title>
					<p>Um total de 570 cardiologistas de todas as regiões do Brasil participaram do estudo. A maioria dos participantes (64,21%) possuía mais de dez anos de experiência clínica. Enquanto 71% identificaram corretamente os graus 2 ou 3 como indicativos de pressões de enchimento elevadas, apenas 34,21% compreendiam com precisão os critérios diagnósticos para FDI ou DDI. Entre os equívocos associados à classificação indeterminada, destacam-se atribuição desse status a condições que interferem na avaliação da diástole (49,12%), limitações técnicas dos equipamentos de ecocardiografia (3,33%) e suposta falta de conhecimento dos ecocardiografistas (4,91%). Além disso, 46,7% relataram encontrar esse diagnóstico raramente nos laudos, 33,5% acreditavam que essa classificação influenciava a conduta clínica e 43,5% consideravam que o exame poderia ter sido melhor realizado.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusão:</title>
					<p>Apesar do conhecimento sobre a função diastólica, a interpretação equivocada de FDI ou DDI ainda é comum entre cardiologistas não ecocardiografistas. Investimentos em educação, com compartilhamento desses conceitos aos clínicos, e diretrizes claras são essenciais para otimizar o uso e a precisão diagnóstica na ecocardiografia.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave</title>
				<kwd>Diástole</kwd>
				<kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
				<kwd>Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>A análise da função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) é um componente essencial do exame ecocardiográfico, sendo realizada de forma prática por meio da ecocardiografia, que se estabeleceu como a principal ferramenta de imagem para essa avaliação.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Embora os métodos invasivos de mensuração do relaxamento ventricular e das pressões de enchimento sejam considerados o padrão-ouro, a ecocardiografia é amplamente preferida devido à sua alta resolução temporal, reprodutibilidade, validação das medidas, ampla disponibilidade à beira do leito e por não exigir procedimentos invasivos nem expor o paciente à radiação ionizante.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A Disfunção Diastólica do Ventrículo Esquerdo (DDVE) é altamente prevalente, especialmente entre os idosos, e está associada a significativa morbidade e mortalidade. Além disso, a DD pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento e a progressão da Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção preservada (ICFEp), condição caracterizada pelo aumento das pressões de enchimento do VE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A Diástole Ventricular pode ser classificada como normal ou apresentar disfunção diastólica (DD) nos graus 1, 2 ou 3, ou ainda como indeterminada, quando não é possível estabelecer sua presença ou gravidade. As diretrizes da American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) e da European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), publicadas em 2016, buscaram simplificar esta avaliação, com critérios mais claros e objetivos, em comparação com a versão anterior.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<fig id="f6">
					<label>Figura Central</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Interpretação Equivocada da Função Diastólica Indeterminada: Conhecimento e Percepções a Partir de uma Pesquisa Entre Cardiologistas Brasileiros</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-01-e20250013-gf03-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>No entanto, a análise da Função Diastólica e das Pressões de Enchimento do Ventrículo Esquerdo (PEVE) por ecocardiografia pode ser desafiadora, especialmente em pacientes com fração de ejeção do VE preservada, devido à necessidade de avaliar múltiplos parâmetros para um diagnóstico preciso. Apesar de todos os esforços diagnósticos, uma proporção considerável de pacientes ainda é classificada com função diastólica indeterminada (FDI), com prevalência variando de 10% a 20% dos casos, conforme estudos anteriores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Isso pode ser frustrante tanto para os profissionais que realizam o exame quanto para os cardiologistas clínicos, que muitas vezes dependem desse diagnóstico para definir a conduta terapêutica do paciente.</p>
				<p>Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o entendimento da classificação da função diastólica ou da disfunção diastólica indeterminada (DDI) nos laudos de ecocardiografia por cardiologistas não especializados em ecocardiografia no Brasil, além de analisar o conhecimento desses profissionais sobre a classificação da função diastólica.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="methods">
				<title>Métodos</title>
				<p>Foi realizada uma pesquisa online, voluntária, em todo o país com cardiologistas não especializados em ecocardiografia, distribuída por meio de plataformas de mensagens móveis durante o período de 1º a 30 de junho. Um breve questionário online foi aplicado utilizando a plataforma SurveyMonkey, de forma anônima, sem opção de identificação. Não houve qualquer compensação financeira ou material como contrapartida à participação na pesquisa. O questionário consistiu em 7 perguntas (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://pt.surveymonkey.com/r/Y8NN97F">https://pt.surveymonkey.com/r/Y8NN97F</ext-link>), de preenchimento obrigatório, sobre tempo de formação médica, região de atuação, conhecimentos gerais sobre Função Diastólica e como o resultado de um laudo impacta sua prática médica diária. As perguntas foram de múltipla escolha, sem possibilidade de resposta em texto livre.</p>
				<p>O questionário completo pode ser encontrado em &quot;Material Complementar&quot;. Em conformidade com a recomendação da Resolução 510 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, este questionário não foi encaminhado para avaliação do sistema CEP/CONEP, por tratar-se de uma pesquisa de opinião pública com participantes não identificados. Os dados obtidos foram descritos na forma de variáveis categóricas, com seus valores absolutos, percentagens ou proporções.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>Resultados</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Dados gerais</title>
					<p>Um total de 570 cardiologistas acessaram o questionário e o responderam, com a seguinte distribuição ao longo das regiões do Brasil: Sudeste (29,65%), Centro-Oeste (23,80%), Nordeste (18,77%), Sul (16,14%) e Norte (11,58%).</p>
					<p>Em relação ao tempo de formação, os participantes apresentaram a seguinte distribuição: até 5 anos (23,33%), de 6 a 10 anos (12,46%), de 11 a 20 anos (26,14%) e mais de 20 anos (38,07%).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conhecimento sobre a análise da função diastólica</title>
					<p>Quanto à identificação dos graus da função diastólica em que o paciente apresenta elevação das PEVE, 1,75% responderam que isso ocorreria quando a diástole fosse classificada como indeterminada, 22,16% no grau 1, 70% no grau 2 ou 3, e 5,09% não souberam opinar.</p>
					<p>Sobre à compreensão do que leva o ecocardiografista a classificar a FDI ou DDI no laudo, a maioria (49,12%) escolheu uma opção inadequada, que indicava que a classificação como indeterminada seria causada por patologias que interferem na avaliação correta (ex.: ritmo de marcapasso, prótese mitral). A segunda opção mais escolhida (34,21%) foi a resposta correta, que indicava que não foi possível determinar a função diastólica devido à ausência de critérios suficientes para a classificação (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
					<fig id="f4">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Compreensão do cardiologista quanto aos critérios ecocardiográficos empregados para o laudo da função diastólica indeterminada ou disfunção diastólica indeterminada..</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-01-e20250013-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Frequência observada do diagnóstico em laudos e impacto no manejo clínico</title>
					<p>A cerca da frequência observada nos laudos de ecocardiografia, em relação ao relato de FDI ou DDI, 29,30% nunca leram essa frase no laudo, 46,67% raramente e 24,04% frequentemente.</p>
					<p>No que tange ao impacto desse diagnóstico no manejo adequado do paciente, 33,51% responderam que comprometia, 21,23% que não, 33,86% ocasionalmente, e 11,40% consideraram que esse diagnóstico uma fonte de confusão.</p>
					<p>Diante do diagnóstico de FDI ou DDI, 45,82% dos participantes se sentem conformados. Entretanto, há um percentual significativo de cardiologistas que desconfiam de que o exame poderia ter sido melhor executado, representando 44,51% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
					<fig id="f5">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Como o cardiologista se sente diante do laudo de função diastólica indeterminada ou disfunção diastólica indeterminada.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-01-e20250013-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>Este estudo oferece informações importantes e inéditas sobre a interpretação, compreensão, frequência observada, impacto no manejo do paciente e a percepção dos cardiologistas diante do diagnóstico de FDI ou DDI.</p>
				<p>Houve uma boa representatividade entre as cinco regiões do Brasil, o que contribui para uma avaliação mais equilibrada dessa percepção, minimizando o risco de viés associado à concentração do conhecimento em áreas com maior acesso a recursos e atualizações, em comparação com regiões com mais limitações nesse sentido.</p>
				<p>A maioria dos cardiologistas tinha mais de 10 anos de formação, o que reflete uma boa experiência na leitura de exames essenciais na cardiologia, como a ecocardiografia, assim como no cuidado no manejo do paciente.</p>
				<p>Na identificação dos graus da Função Diastólica em que o paciente apresenta elevação das pressões de enchimento do VE, a grande maioria tem o conhecimento sedimentado e correto de que isso ocorre nos graus 2 e 3 de DD segundo as diretrizes da ASE e da EACVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Essas diretrizes são as mais amplamente utilizadas para a análise da função diastólica. Na ausência de doença miocárdica, avaliam-se quatro sinais ecocardiográficos: a velocidade diastólica tecidual precoce do anel mitral septal e lateral (e’), o volume atrial esquerdo indexado, a razão entre a velocidade máxima mitral E (diastólica precoce) e a média das velocidades da onda e’ septal e lateral, e a velocidade máxima da regurgitação tricúspide. Se a maioria dos dados disponíveis estiver dentro da faixa normal, a Função Diastólica do VE é considerada normal. Caso contrário, há DD, e pode-se prosseguir para a estimativa da pressão de enchimento do VE. Se os critérios forem insuficientes ou houver discordância na classificação, a função diastólica é considerada indeterminada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Caso exista doença miocárdica ou DD após a avaliação anteriormente descrita, preconiza-se a estimativa das pressões de enchimento e a classificação da DD. O algoritmo para a avaliação da pressão de enchimento do VE se inicia com a medição das velocidades das ondas mitrais. Se a velocidade da onda E mitral for &lt; 0,5 m/s e a razão E/A for ≤ 0,8, a pressão de enchimento do VE provavelmente é normal ou baixa, portanto, a DD é classificada como grau 1, enquanto uma onda E alta e E/A ≥ 2 indica pressão de enchimento do VE elevada, sendo classificada como DD grau 3. Quando a razão E/A mitral está entre 0,8 e 2,0, critérios adicionais são necessários para avaliar a pressão de enchimento do VE. Esses incluem a relação E/e’ médio &gt; 14, velocidade do pico de regurgitação tricúspide &gt; 2,8 m/s e volume indexado do AE &gt; 34 mL/m². Se ≥ 2 dos critérios estiverem acima do valor de corte, a pressão de enchimento do VE é muito provavelmente elevada, classificando-se a DD como grau 2. Se ≥ 2 estiverem abaixo do valor de corte, a pressão de enchimento do VE é muito provavelmente normal, classificando-se, portanto, como grau 1. Entretanto, se não houver disponibilidade de todas essas medidas adicionais, principalmente a regurgitação tricúspide, e houver discordância entre as duas medidas existentes, a DD é onsiderada indeterminada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A proporção de casos com FDI é reduzida quando se consideram cuidadosamente achados específicos no Doppler, abrangendo alterações nas velocidades do fluxo mitral e na razão E/A com a manobra de Valsalva, velocidade e duração do fluxo nas veias pulmonares, incluindo a onda a reversa, e a presença de onda L no fluxo mitral com velocidade ≥ 50 cm/s.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Portanto, fica claro que o diagnóstico de FDI ou DDI está relacionado à ausência de critérios suficientes ou à discordância entre eles.</p>
				<p>No entanto, a maioria dos cardiologistas atribui esse diagnóstico a condições que impossibilitam a análise adequada da Função Diastólica, principalmente por interferirem nas velocidades das ondas E mitral e das ondas teciduais do anel mitral. Entre essas condições, destacam-se o ritmo de marcapasso, a presença de prótese valvar mitral, doenças valvares mitrais significativas (estenose ou insuficiência) e o bloqueio do ramo esquerdo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A percepção da frequência desse diagnóstico nos laudos de ecocardiografia foi baixa, com quase um terço dos cardiologistas nunca tendo observado essa descrição. No entanto, isso contrasta com a prevalência relatada desse achado nos laudos, que varia entre 10% e 20%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Além disso, há um viés importante: muitos ecocardiografistas hesitam em classificar a diástole como indeterminada por receio de que essa definição seja mal interpretada pelo cardiologista clínico. Existe a preocupação de que isso gere desconfiança sobre a qualidade do exame, especialmente porque o diagnóstico de FDI ou DDI ainda não é amplamente compreendido por cardiologistas não especializados em ecocardiografia. Esse fator pode levar a um subdiagnóstico desse padrão de DD, com a tendência de enquadrar o paciente em outros estágios que, na realidade, podem não corresponder a sua real classificação. Por outro lado, o <italic>strain</italic> do Átrio Esquerdo tem sido sugerido como método útil na reclassificação dos casos de DD considerada indeterminada pelo algoritmo tradicional ASE-EACVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Esse raciocínio está alinhado com a percepção dos cardiologistas diante do diagnóstico de FDI ou DDI. A maioria aceita essa classificação, reconhecendo que nem sempre é possível determinar todos os aspectos na medicina. No entanto, um percentual significativo, numericamente próximo ao da resposta anterior, manifesta desconfiança, suspeitando que o exame poderia ter sido melhor executado.</p>
				<p>Apesar de a maioria desconhecer o real motivo para a inclusão desse diagnóstico no laudo, a percepção geral é de que FDI ou DDI comprometem, ainda que ocasionalmente, o manejo adequado do paciente, ressaltando a importância de uma melhor interação e compreensão entre o laudo de ecocardiografia, os ecocardiografistas e os cardiologistas clínicos.</p>
				<sec>
					<title>Limitações do estudo</title>
					<p>Esta pesquisa envolveu uma amostra relativamente pequena de cardiologistas o que pode limitar a generalização dos resultados. Além disso, não foi possível avaliar diferenças regionais e relacionadas ao tempo de formação com as alternativas escolhidas, o que poderia oferecer uma análise mais detalhada entre os resultados obtidos.</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>Apesar do conhecimento geral sobre a Função Diastólica, a interpretação equivocada de FDI ou DDI persiste entre cardiologistas não ecocardiografistas. Investimentos em educação, com compartilhamento desses conceitos aos clínicos, e diretrizes claras são essenciais para otimizar o uso do exame e a precisão diagnóstica na ecocardiografia.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
					<label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
					<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
					<label>Vinculação Acadêmica</label>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
					<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</label>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
					<label>*Material suplementar</label>
					<p>Para informação adicional, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abcimaging.org/supplementary-material/2025/3801/2025-0013_AO_ABCImag_Material-Suplementar.pdf">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>