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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20240130i</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20240130i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Late Evolution of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-1271-4631</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Çakır</surname>
						<given-names>Merve Akbulut</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>statistical analysis</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2231-1526</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Çakır</surname>
						<given-names>Emirhan</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>statistical analysis</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2968-5352</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Kaya</surname>
						<given-names>Çağlar</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>statistical analysis</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5966-2488</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Yalta</surname>
						<given-names>Kenan</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>statistical analysis</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Trakya University Faculty of Medicine</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Edirne</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="TR">Turkey</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne – Turkey</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Emirhan Çakır</bold> • Trakya University Faculty of Medicine Cardiology Department. CEP: <postal-code>22030</postal-code>. Edirne – Turkey E-mail: <email>emir.cakir05@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p>Maria Otto</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>28</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>38</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20240130</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>06</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>19</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>24</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords</title>
				<kwd>Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
				<kwd>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement</kwd>
				<kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="4"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="7"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is recognized as a first-line treatment for symptomatic patients with advanced aortic stenosis who are at high surgical risk. In inoperable patients with poor prognosis, it carries a risk for complications, such as myocardial infarction due to coronary occlusion, stroke, annular rupture, etc.¹ Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a syndrome that usually develops in the absence of overt coronary occlusion and signs of alternative diagnosis, including myocarditis. It presents with electrocardiographic changes, increased cardiac biomarkers, and typical echocardiographic findings.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In this article, we describe a patient with TTC who previously underwent TAVI and subsequent implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantation.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="cases">
			<title>Case report</title>
			<p>A 77-year-old woman was admitted with symptoms of shortness of breath and wheezing. Physical examination demonstrated a blood pressure value of 111/76 mmHg, respiratory rate of 28/min, pulse rate of 70 bpm, and oxygen saturation of 88%. Cardiovascular examination exhibited a pattern of left-sided apical impulse, 2-3/6 systolic murmur, and bilateral 2 + pitting edema of lower limbs. Examination of the lungs revealed bilateral rales up to the middle zones. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) value was 42%. The left ventricular apex was akinetic, suggesting a pattern of apical ballooning. High sensitive-troponin and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels on admission were 256 ng/l (normal range: 0-19 ng/l) and 114.3 pg/ml (normal range: 0-100 pg/ml), respectively. The patient's detailed anamnesis included hypertension and TAVI performed due to aortic stenosis four months ago. After TAVI, a complete atrioventricular block persisted in the patient, and non-sustained VT was observed in the follow-up. For this reason, the patient was implanted with an ICD instead of a permanent pacemaker. In the transthoracic echocardiography performed after TAVI, LVEF was calculated as 55% and left ventricular systolic functions were normal. No pericardial effusion or paravalvular leakage was observed in the implanted aortic valve. The patient, who had no complaints, no physical examination findings, and no deterioration in laboratory parameters, was called for a cardiology outpatient clinic control and then discharged. After detailed evaluation, the patient was hospitalized with the prediagnoses of acute coronary syndrome and decompensated heart failure. Coronary angiography performed after urgent stabilization of the patient revealed no critical stenosis in the coronary arteries (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). Subsequent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging excluded acute myocarditis and revealed a pattern of global hypokinesia with severe apical and mid-ventricular involvement (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). Based on these findings, TTC was considered as the most likely diagnosis. Following successful management, she was discharged uneventfully under acute coronary syndrome and heart failure medications. An outpatient visit was planned for the patient following one month. During the scheduled cardiology outpatient clinic visit, the patient's complaints related to heart failure disappeared after medical treatment. In the transthoracic echocardiography, it was seen that the left ventricular contractions returned to normal, and LVEF was calculated as 50%. The patient continues to be followed up with medical treatment.</p>
			<fig id="f1">
				<label>Figure 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Non-occlusive coronary arteries, TAVI device, and ICD leads on coronary angiogram.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-01-e20240130-gf01.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<fig id="f2">
				<label>Figure 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>A-B: Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrating left ventricular apical ballooning and lead image in the right chambers on apical four-chamber view C: Apical ballooning on cardiac MRI.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-01-e20240130-gf02.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>TC was first described in 1991, and it was generally considered to occur due to emotional or physical triggers, including mourning, trauma, sepsis or metabolic abnormalities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> It is known that high catecholamine levels associated with these triggers play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The findings that prompted us to make the diagnosis of TTC, in this case, were the presence of specific abnormalities in left ventricular wall motion beyond a single arterial perfusion zone, absence of occlusive coronary artery disease, increased cardiac troponin levels, and absence of findings in favor of myocarditis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Acute coronary syndromes and arrhythmias may develop frequently after TAVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Most of the acute cardiomyopathies occurring after TAVI may be due to occlusive coronary artery disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> TAVI is a less invasive procedure compared to cardiac surgery but may cause severe emotional and/or physical stress in high-risk patients, potentially leading to TTC evolution. However, in the present case, TTC emerged long after TAVI, potentially indicating the null impact of procedure-related stress on TTC evolution. However, TTC (in the form of apical ballooning) was also previously suggested to occur as a consequence of mechanical factors, including acute intraventricular gradient, possibly due to afterload mismatch in patients with a modest degree of pre-existing left ventricular hypertrophy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Accordingly, our case might have possibly incurred acute midventricular or outflow tract gradient due to certain mechanical factors, including enhanced contractility and reduced preload or afterload,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> most of which might, to some extent, be associated with the relief of aortic valve stenosis following TAVI. However, this notion remains speculative, and certain tests, including dobutamine stress echocardiogram, are required to reveal provoked intraventricular gradient<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> in our patient. To date, TTC, regardless of the underlying actual trigger, has been rarely reported following TAVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The present case might be regarded as an epitome of late TTC evolution following TAVI.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
				<label>Sources of Funding</label>
				<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<label>Study Association</label>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
				<label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
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	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20240130</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Evolução Tardia da Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo Após Implante Transcateter de Valva Aórtica</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-1271-4631</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Çakır</surname>
						<given-names>Merve Akbulut</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>análise estatística</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2231-1526</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Çakır</surname>
						<given-names>Emirhan</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>análise estatística</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2968-5352</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Kaya</surname>
						<given-names>Çağlar</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>análise estatística</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5966-2488</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Yalta</surname>
						<given-names>Kenan</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>análise estatística</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>1</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Edirne</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="TR">Turquia</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne – Turquia</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">
					<label>Correspondência:</label><bold>Emirhan Çakır</bold> • Trakya University Faculty of Medicine Cardiology Department. CEP: <postal-code>22030</postal-code>. Edirne – Turquia E-mail: <email>emir.cakir05@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Maria Otto</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave</title>
				<kwd>Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo</kwd>
				<kwd>Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter</kwd>
				<kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>O implante transcateter de valva aórtica (TAVI) é considerado uma opção terapêutica de primeira linha para pacientes sintomáticos que sofrem de estenose aórtica avançada e estão sob risco cirúrgico elevado. Em pacientes inoperáveis com prognóstico ruim, há risco de complicações, tais como infarto do miocárdio devido à oclusão coronária, acidente vascular cerebral, ruptura anular etc.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo (TTC) é uma síndrome que geralmente se desenvolve na ausência de oclusão coronária evidente e sinais de diagnóstico alternativo, incluindo miocardite. Apresenta-se com alterações eletrocardiográficas, aumento de biomarcadores cardíacos e achados ecocardiográficos típicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Neste artigo, descrevemos uma paciente com TTC que havia sido previamente submetida ao TAVI e, posteriormente, ao implante de cardioversor-desfibrilador implantável (CDI).</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Relato de Caso</title>
				<p>Uma mulher de 77 anos foi internada com sintomas de falta de ar e chiado. O exame físico revelou pressão arterial de 111/76 mmHg, frequência respiratória de 28/min, frequência cardíaca de 70 bpm e saturação de oxigênio em 88%. O exame cardiovascular exibiu um padrão de impulso apical do lado esquerdo, sopro sistólico 2-3/6 e edema depressível bilateral 2+ nos membros inferiores. O exame dos pulmões revelou estertor bilateral até as zonas médias. O valor da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) foi de 42%. O ápice do ventrículo esquerdo era acinético, sugerindo um padrão de balonamento apical. Os níveis de troponina ultrassensível e peptídeo natriurético cerebral (BNP) no momento da admissão ao hospital foram de 256 ng/L (valores de referência: 0-19 ng/L) e 114,3 pg/mL (valores de referência: 0-100 pg/mL), respectivamente. A anamnese detalhada da paciente incluía hipertensão e TAVI realizado devido à estenose aórtica há quatro meses. Após o procedimento do TAVI, o bloqueio atrioventricular completo persistiu na paciente e observou-se taquicardia ventricular (TV) não sustentada no acompanhamento. Por esse motivo, a paciente recebeu um desfibrilador cardíaco implantável (CDI) em vez de um marcapasso permanente. No ecocardiograma transtorácico realizado após o TAVI, a FEVE foi calculada em 55% e as funções sistólicas do ventrículo esquerdo estavam normais. Não foi observado derrame pericárdico ou vazamento paravalvar na valva aórtica implantada. A paciente, que não apresentava queixas, alterações no exame físico ou piora dos parâmetros laboratoriais, foi chamada para a realização de controle cardiológico ambulatorial e recebeu alta. Após a avaliação detalhada, a paciente foi internada com pré-diagnósticos de síndrome coronariana aguda e insuficiência cardíaca descompensada. A angiografia coronária realizada após a estabilização urgente da paciente não revelou nenhuma estenose importante nas artérias coronárias (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>). A ressonância magnética cardíaca subsequente excluiu miocardite aguda e revelou um padrão de hipocinesia global com grave envolvimento apical e médio-ventricular (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>). Com base nesses achados, o diagnóstico mais provável foi a TTC. Após o tratamento bem-sucedido, a paciente recebeu alta sem intercorrências, sob medicação para síndrome coronariana aguda e insuficiência cardíaca. Foi agendada uma consulta ambulatorial para a paciente após um mês. Durante a consulta ambulatorial programada de cardiologia, as queixas da paciente relacionadas à insuficiência cardíaca desapareceram após o tratamento médico. No ecocardiograma transtorácico, foi observado que as contrações do ventrículo esquerdo voltaram ao normal e a FEVE foi calculada em 50%. A paciente continua sendo acompanhada e recebendo tratamento médico.</p>
				<fig id="f3">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Artérias coronárias não oclusivas, dispositivo TAVI e derivações do CDI no angiograma coronário.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-01-e20240130-gf01-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<fig id="f4">
					<label>Figura 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>A-B: Ecocardiograma transtorácico demonstrando balonamento apical do ventrículo esquerdo e imagem de derivação nas câmaras direitas no corte apical das quatro câmaras C: Balonamento apical na ressonância magnética cardíaca.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-38-01-e20240130-gf02-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>A TTC foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1991 e, via de regra, era vista como uma condição decorrente de gatilhos emocionais ou físicos, como luto, trauma, sepse ou anormalidades metabólicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Sabe-se que os altos níveis de catecolaminas associados a esses gatilhos desempenham um papel fundamental em sua patogênese.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Os achados que nos levaram a fazer o diagnóstico de TTC, neste caso, foram a presença de anormalidades específicas no movimento da parede ventricular esquerda além de uma única zona de perfusão arterial, ausência de doença arterial coronária oclusiva, aumento dos níveis de troponina cardíaca e ausência de achados que indicassem miocardite.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
				<p>É comum a ocorrência de síndromes coronárias agudas e arritmias após o TAVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A maioria das cardiomiopatias agudas que ocorrem após o TAVI pode ser resultado de doença arterial coronária oclusiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O TAVI é um procedimento menos invasivo em comparação com a cirurgia cardíaca, mas pode causar estresse emocional e/ou físico grave em pacientes de alto risco, possivelmente levando à evolução da TTC. Entretanto, neste caso, a TTC surgiu muito depois do TAVI, possivelmente indicando ausência de impacto do estresse relacionado ao procedimento na evolução da TTC. Contudo, já foi sugerido anteriormente que a TTC (na forma de balonamento apical) pode ocorrer como consequência de fatores mecânicos, incluindo gradiente intraventricular agudo, possivelmente devido à incompatibilidade de pós-carga em pacientes com um grau modesto de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda preexistente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Consequentemente, é possível que nosso caso tenha envolvido gradiente agudo do trato médio-ventricular ou de saída, em decorrência de certos fatores mecânicos, como aumento da contratilidade aumentada e redução da pré-carga ou pós-carga.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Vale destacar que a maioria desses fatores, até certo ponto, pode estar associada ao alívio da estenose da valva aórtica após o procedimento do TAVI. Essa noção ainda é uma especulação e certos exames, incluindo ecocardiograma de estresse com dobutamina, são necessários de forma a revelar o gradiente intraventricular provocado<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> em nossa paciente. Até o momento, TTC foi raramente relatada após o procedimento do TAVI, independentemente do verdadeiro gatilho subjacente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> O caso ora apresentado pode ser considerado um exemplo da evolução tardia da TTC após o procedimento do TAVI.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn4">
					<label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
					<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
					<label>Vinculação Acadêmica</label>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
					<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</label>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>