<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20240092i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Original Article</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>The Women of the Cardiovascular Imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: Career and Family Challenges</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6677-2845</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barberato</surname>
						<given-names>Marcia Ferreira Alves</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>Statistical analysis</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9131-0439</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rassi</surname>
						<given-names>Daniela do Carmo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5903-987X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Beck</surname>
						<given-names>Adenalva Lima de Souza</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7302-7448</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Uellendahl</surname>
						<given-names>Marly</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1321-9752</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Morhy</surname>
						<given-names>Samira Saady</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0711-7995</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barberato</surname>
						<given-names>Silvio Henrique</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data;</role>
					<role>Statistical analysis</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Diagnóstico Cardiovascular</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Cardioeco, Centro de Diagnóstico Cardiovascular, Curitiba, PR – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goiás</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3">
				<label>3</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia e Transplantes do Distrito Federal</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Brasília</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia e Transplantes do Distrito Federal, Brasília, DF – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4">
				<label>4</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">UNIFESP</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff5">
				<label>5</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">DASA</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">DASA, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff6">
				<label>6</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01">
					<label>Correspondência:</label> Marcia Ferreira Alves Barberato • Cardioeco, Centro de Diagnostico Cardiovascular. Av. República Argentina, 1336, Sala 215. CEP: 80620-010. Curitiba, PR – Brasil E-mail: <email>marcia.barberato@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potential Conflict of Interest:</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Marcelo Tavares</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>21</day>
				<month>11</month>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>11</month>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>37</volume>
			<issue>4</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20240092</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>09</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>11</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>11</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Introduction</title>
					<p> The “DIC Mulheres” working group was created to research and discuss the role of women working in cardiovascular imaging in Brazil. Objectives: to map the challenges faced by women in the Cardiovascular Imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (DIC-SBC) in managing their careers and families.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Methods</title>
					<p> A questionnaire with 29 questions on careers and family was made available between March and April 2024, inviting women from DIC-SBC to participate anonymously. The questions addressed age, medical training, career, family relationships, and mental health status. Data obtained were described in the form of categorical variables in percentages.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Results</title>
					<p> A total of 321 women responded to the questionnaire, representing 25% of DIC members. Most respondents are between 30 and 50 years old and work with echocardiography. Approximately 66% combine imaging activities with clinical cardiology, and 47% report a workload of more than 40 hours per week. Only 39% hold management positions, but more than 50% have published scientific production. Regarding motherhood, 73% have children and almost half of them did not stop working after the birth of their child. Regarding mental health, 63% reported symptoms, the most common being burnout (22%), anxiety (17%) and depression (17%).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusion</title>
					<p> Women face challenges in balancing their careers with family responsibilities, which can take a toll on their mental health. This study highlights the need for institutional policies that support motherhood, provide mentorship, and develop mental health programs specifically for those working in cardiovascular imaging.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Women</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiac Imaging Techniques</kwd>
				<kwd>Mental Health</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="8"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="9"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>
					<fig id="f01">
						<label>Central Illustration</label>
						<caption>
							<title>: The Women of the Cardiovascular Imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: Career and Family Challenges</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240092-gf01.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>The history of women in Medicine is ancient and marked by moments of marginalization, struggles and achievements. The first woman to have a medical license was Elizabeth Blackwell in 1849 in New York City.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In the 20th and 21st centuries, there has been a growing increase in the number of women working in the medical field. In Brazil, data from the Regional Medical Councils show that the number of female doctors has been steadily increasing since 2009. According to the 2023 Medical Demography report, by 2024, women are expected to outnumber male doctors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Regarding cardiology, 13% of cardiologists are women in the United Kingdom<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> and, in the USA, the proportion is similar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> In Brazil, according to data from the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC), 29% of members in good standing are women.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging of the SBC (DIC-SBC), 44% of members are female.</p>
			<p>In 2022, during the 11th DIC-SBC Congress in São Paulo, Dr. Samira Saady Morhy brought together several women from the department to discuss the history of female cardiologists working in cardiovascular imaging in Brazil. On this occasion, the DIC-SBC women’s working group, called “DIC Mulheres”, was created. The discussion focused on the role of women in medical education institutions, leadership positions in associations and hospitals, and their daily professional challenges in the field. In 2023, DIC-SBC launched its first survey targeting its female members, aiming to understand their motivations and identify the barriers they face during medical training and practice. The survey resulted in an editorial that outlined a brief profile of female doctors at DIC-SBC, highlighting issues they encounter, such as lack of motivation, discrimination, moral harassment, impostor syndrome, and depression.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
			<p>This study aims to build on that previous initiative, mapping the challenges faced by female cardiovascular imaging specialists at DIC-SBC in areas like medical training, professional practice, family relationships, and mental health.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="methods">
			<title>Methods</title>
			<p>From March 1<sup>st</sup> to April 30, 2024, an online questionnaire was available on the DIC-SBC website, inviting specialists in cardiovascular imaging — such as echocardiography, vascular ultrasound, cardiac CT , cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine — to voluntarily participate. Additionally, invitations were sent via email and messaging app, covering the entire national territory. The online questionnaire was administered anonymously via Google Forms, with no option for identification. There was no financial or material compensation in exchange for participation in the research. The questionnaire consisted of 29 mandatory questions (http://bit.ly/dicmulheres2024) covering age, medical training, area of expertise in medical imaging, environment and type of work performed (hospital or non-hospital; imaging exams alone or associated with the practice of clinical cardiology), as well as academic activities, monthly income, discrimination, family relationships, and mental health. The full questionnaire can be found in “Supplementary Material”. As recommended by Resolution 510 of the National Health Council, this questionnaire was not submitted for evaluation by the CEP/CONEP system, given that this was a public opinion survey with unidentified participants. The data collected were presented as categorical variables, described by absolute values and percentages or proportions.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results">
			<title>Results</title>
			<sec>
				<title>General aspects</title>
				<p>A total of 321 women accessed and responded to the questionnaire, which is equivalent to 25% of the women in the DIC. Most of the questionnaire respondents were between 30 and 50 years old (67%) and 71% were married (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02">
						<label>Figure 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Percentage distribution of age group, marital status, and area of expertise</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240092-gf02.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Medical training</title>
				<p>Sixty-seven percent of the women are specialists, 29% have a master’s and/or PhD and 4% are in medical residency. The time since graduation varied from less than 10 years in 9%, 10 to 20 years in 42%, 20 to 30 years in 27%, and more than 30 years in 22%.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Career</title>
				<p>The area of expertise in echocardiography was reported by 92% of the sample (59% adults, 33% pediatrics), with tomography/MRI in 5.5%, vascular ultrasound in 1.5%, and nuclear medicine in 1%. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 1</xref>) Reported workplace status was mixed, comprising hospital and non-hospital environments, in 68% of women. Similarly, 66% provide care in clinical cardiology and cardiovascular imaging exams at the same time. Approximately 34% work with cardiovascular imaging exams only. Working hours total more than 40 hours per week for 47% of women. The predominant work regime (49%) is an individual and/or legal entity; however, 47% have multiple regimes, including those within the framework of the Brazilian Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT) and statutory public service. Only 39% hold a management position in their area. Regarding scientific publications, 56% responded that they had published articles and 54% worked in teaching and research areas. Approximately 37% of women felt discriminated against at work for being mothers. The average monthly income was less than BRL 10,000.00 in 3%, BRL 10,000 to 20,000.00 in 26%, BRL 20,000 to 30,000.00 in 41%, and more than BRL 30,000.00 in 30%.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Family and mental health</title>
				<p>Most of the women in the DIC have children (73%). In this group (n = 235), 98% of them worked during pregnancy, 48% did not stop working after the birth of their child, and the interruption for 43% did not exceed 12 months. The majority (52%) have two children, while 38% have only one child and 10% have more than two children. In response to the question of whether being a mother had a negative impact on their career, 60% answered “no.” In contrast, 53% answered that there was no negative impact on their relationship with their child due to working outside their home (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 2</xref>). On the other hand, 35% reported that their family had discriminated against them due to working outside their home. The majority (93%) answered that there is no support structure for taking care of children in the workplace. Women who are responsible for household chores comprise 89% of the sample, and 100% participate in paying the household bills. Seventy-nine (79%) percent of respondents reported being satisfied with their balance between career and family life. Regarding mental health, 63% of women reported related symptoms, including burnout syndrome in 22%, generalized anxiety disorder in 17%, depression in 17%, and others in 7% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f03">
						<label>Figure 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Percentage distribution of number of children, time of career interruption, and negative impact on career and family</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240092-gf03.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f04">
						<label>Figure 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Satisfaction and mental health</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240092-gf04.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>This national survey offers an unprecedented look at women who work with cardiovascular imaging in Brazil, highlighting the relationship between career, family, and mental health. Although women make up 44% of DIC-SBC members, only 25% participated in the survey. While this participation rate is acceptable, it suggests that future studies could aim for greater involvement to increase representation. The data reveal a profile of women primarily between the ages of 30 and 50, a stage of both professional and personal consolidation, similar to what Morhy observed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> These women manage heavy workloads, often exceeding 40 hours per week, and work in both hospital and non-hospital settings, showcasing their ability to balance clinical practice with imaging exams. Most of them work in echocardiography, which reflects the global membership of DIC-SBC. More than half of the respondents have published articles in scientific journals, which reflects the growing female protagonism in academic production in recent years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Even so, only 39% hold management positions, indicating that, despite their advances in academic participation, rising to leadership positions remains a challenge. Most of the participants have children, and data reveal that motherhood impacts both professional and family life. Although 60% do not perceive negative effects on their careers due to motherhood, more than a third reported discrimination in the workplace for being a mother. At the same time, approximately a third felt discriminated against in the family environment for working outside the home. Another notable trend is the swift return to work after childbirth, with fewer women taking more than a year off from their careers. This early return to work reflects the limitations of labor laws in protecting self-employed physicians.</p>
			<p>Most of the women surveyed contribute to household chores, and all of them help financially with household expenses. Although this study lacks salary data for men from DIC-SBC to offer a direct comparison, previous research has shown a significant link between being male and falling into higher income brackets among Brazilian cardiologists.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The dual demands of professional work and domestic responsibilities may contribute to the mental health challenges faced by women in the cardiovascular imaging field. The study revealed a high prevalence of symptoms attributed to burnout, anxiety and depression. Academic institutions and employers must create support policies, such as mentoring programs, leadership training, and support networks for working mothers. Compared to European data from European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> our findings reflect a broader global reality, highlighting the challenges of balancing mental health with career and family responsibilities. Although specific data on harassment were not collected in our study, previous research points to this issue as a significant challenge.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Despite these challenges, the majority (79%) of participants felt satisfied with their career-family balance, which suggests a sense of professional fulfillment.</p>
			<sec>
				<title>Limitations</title>
				<p>This study involved a relatively small sample of DIC members, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Additionally, it was not possible to assess regional or racial differences, which could have provided a more diverse and nuanced view of the challenges faced by different groups of women. Mental health-related symptoms were reported spontaneously, without the use of specific questionnaires.</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>The research indicates that women working in cardiovascular imaging in Brazil face significant challenges in balancing their careers with family responsibilities. Despite their remarkable dedication, there is a clear need for more institutional support and policies that help women reconcile their professional and personal lives. Recognizing the burden of both professional and family duties on female doctors should be a priority for employers and educational institutions, with the goal of creating healthier work environments that focus on the well-being of women.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ref-list>
			<title>References</title>
			<ref id="B1">
				<label>1</label>
				<mixed-citation>1. Nimura JP. Elizabeth Blackwell: A Pioneira que Virou Médica para Provar que Estava Certa [Internet]. São Paulo: BBC Brasil; 2024 [cited 2024 Sep 22]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-56967834">https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-56967834</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="book">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Nimura</surname>
							<given-names>JP</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<source>Elizabeth Blackwell: A Pioneira que Virou Médica para Provar que Estava Certa</source>
					<comment>Internet</comment>
					<publisher-loc>São Paulo</publisher-loc>
					<publisher-name>BBC Brasil</publisher-name>
					<year>2024</year>
					<date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2024 Sep 22</date-in-citation>
					<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-56967834">https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-56967834</ext-link>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B2">
				<label>2</label>
				<mixed-citation>2. Scheffer M, editor. Demografia Médica no Brasil 2023. São Paulo: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo; 2023.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="book">
					<person-group person-group-type="editor">
						<name>
							<surname>Scheffer</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<role>editor</role>
					</person-group>
					<source>Demografia Médica no Brasil 2023</source>
					<publisher-loc>São Paulo</publisher-loc>
					<publisher-name>Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo</publisher-name>
					<year>2023</year>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B3">
				<label>3</label>
				<mixed-citation>3. Royal College of Physicians. Focus on Physicians: 2017-18 Census (UK Consultants and Higher Specialty Trainees) [Internet]. London: Royal College of Physicians; 2024 [cited 2024 Sep 22]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/focus-physicians-2017-18-census-uk-consultants-and-higher-specialty-trainees">https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/focus-physicians-2017-18-census-uk-consultants-and-higher-specialty-trainees</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="webpage">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<collab>Royal College of Physicians</collab>
					</person-group>
					<source>Focus on Physicians: 2017-18 Census (UK Consultants and Higher Specialty Trainees)</source>
					<comment>Internet</comment>
					<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
					<publisher-name>Royal College of Physicians</publisher-name>
					<year>2024</year>
					<date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2024 Sep 22</date-in-citation>
					<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/focus-physicians-2017-18-census-uk-consultants-and-higher-specialty-trainees">https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/focus-physicians-2017-18-census-uk-consultants-and-higher-specialty-trainees</ext-link>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B4">
				<label>4</label>
				<mixed-citation>4. Curtis AB, Rodriguez F. Choosing a Career in Cardiology: Where are the Women? JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3(8):691-2. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.1286.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Curtis</surname>
							<given-names>AB</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rodriguez</surname>
							<given-names>F</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Choosing a Career in Cardiology: Where are the Women?</article-title>
					<source>JAMA Cardiol</source>
					<year>2018</year>
					<volume>3</volume>
					<issue>8</issue>
					<fpage>691</fpage>
					<lpage>692</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jamacardio.2018.1286</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B5">
				<label>5</label>
				<mixed-citation>5. Faganello LS, Pimentel M, Polanczyk CA, Zimerman T, Malachias MVB, Dutra OP, et al. The Profile of the Brazilian Cardiologist - A Sample of Members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019;113(1):62-8. doi: 10.5935/abc.20190089.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Faganello</surname>
							<given-names>LS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Pimentel</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Polanczyk</surname>
							<given-names>CA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Zimerman</surname>
							<given-names>T</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Malachias</surname>
							<given-names>MVB</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Dutra</surname>
							<given-names>OP</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>The Profile of the Brazilian Cardiologist - A Sample of Members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2019</year>
					<volume>113</volume>
					<issue>1</issue>
					<fpage>62</fpage>
					<lpage>68</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190089</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B6">
				<label>6</label>
				<mixed-citation>6. Morhy SS. DIC Mulheres: O Que nos Motiva?, Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc. 2023;36(3):e20230079. doi: 10.36660/abcimg.20230079.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Morhy</surname>
							<given-names>SS</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>DIC Mulheres: O Que nos Motiva?</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc</source>
					<year>2023</year>
					<volume>36</volume>
					<issue>3</issue>
					<elocation-id>e20230079</elocation-id>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230079</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B7">
				<label>7</label>
				<mixed-citation>7. Frota DCR, Hotta VT. A Representatividade Feminina em Publicações Científicas, Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc. 2023;36(4):e20230078. doi: 10.36660/abcimg.20230078.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Frota</surname>
							<given-names>DCR</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Hotta</surname>
							<given-names>VT</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>A Representatividade Feminina em Publicações Científicas</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc</source>
					<year>2023</year>
					<volume>36</volume>
					<issue>4</issue>
					<elocation-id>e20230078</elocation-id>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20230078</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B8">
				<label>8</label>
				<mixed-citation>8. Almeida ALC, Melo M, Rodrigues REF, Botelho LF, Almeida PAA, Barberato SH. Impact of COVID-19 on the Life of Brazilian Cardiologists and Cardiovascular Surgeons. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;117(5):1048-55. doi: 10.36660/abc.20201231.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Almeida</surname>
							<given-names>ALC</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Melo</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rodrigues</surname>
							<given-names>REF</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Botelho</surname>
							<given-names>LF</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Almeida</surname>
							<given-names>PAA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Barberato</surname>
							<given-names>SH</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Impact of COVID-19 on the Life of Brazilian Cardiologists and Cardiovascular Surgeons</article-title>
					<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
					<year>2021</year>
					<volume>117</volume>
					<issue>5</issue>
					<fpage>1048</fpage>
					<lpage>1055</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201231</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
			<ref id="B9">
				<label>9</label>
				<mixed-citation>9. Joshi SS, Kadavath S, Mandoli GE, Gimelli A, Gulati M, Thamman R, et al. Women in Cardiovascular Imaging: A Call for Action to Address Ongoing Challenges. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;24(11):1444-9. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jead158.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Joshi</surname>
							<given-names>SS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Kadavath</surname>
							<given-names>S</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Mandoli</surname>
							<given-names>GE</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Gimelli</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Gulati</surname>
							<given-names>M</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Thamman</surname>
							<given-names>R</given-names>
						</name>
						<etal>et al</etal>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Women in Cardiovascular Imaging: A Call for Action to Address Ongoing Challenges</article-title>
					<source>Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging</source>
					<year>2023</year>
					<volume>24</volume>
					<issue>11</issue>
					<fpage>1444</fpage>
					<lpage>1449</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ehjci/jead158</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Study Association:</label>
				<p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate:</label>
				<p> This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
				<label>Sources of Funding:</label>
				<p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20240092</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Artigo Original</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>As Mulheres do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia: Desafios da Carreira e Família</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6677-2845</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barberato</surname>
						<given-names>Marcia Ferreira Alves</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>análise estatística</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9131-0439</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rassi</surname>
						<given-names>Daniela do Carmo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa;</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5903-987X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Beck</surname>
						<given-names>Adenalva Lima de Souza</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3002"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7302-7448</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Uellendahl</surname>
						<given-names>Marly</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4002"><sup>4</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5002"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1321-9752</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Morhy</surname>
						<given-names>Samira Saady</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6002"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0711-7995</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barberato</surname>
						<given-names>Silvio Henrique</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>análise estatística</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Cardioeco, Centro de Diagnóstico Cardiovascular, Curitiba, PR – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3002">
				<label>3</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia e Transplantes do Distrito Federal, Brasília, DF – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4002">
				<label>4</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff5002">
				<label>5</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">DASA, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff6002">
				<label>6</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">
					<label>Correspondência:</label> Marcia Ferreira Alves Barberato • Cardioeco, Centro de Diagnostico Cardiovascular. Av. República Argentina, 1336, Sala 215. CEP: 80620-010. Curitiba, PR – Brasil E-mail: marcia.barberato@hotmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Marcelo Tavares</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse:</label>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumo</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Introdução</title>
					<p> O grupo de trabalho “DIC Mulheres” foi criado para pesquisar e debater o papel das mulheres que trabalham com imagem cardiovascular no Brasil.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Objetivos</title>
					<p> mapear os desafios encontrados pelas mulheres do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (DIC-SBC) na condução de sua carreira e família.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Métodos</title>
					<p> Um questionário com 29 perguntas sobre carreira e família foi disponibilizado entre março e abril de 2024, convidando as mulheres do DIC-SBC a participarem de forma anônima. As perguntas abordaram idade, formação médica, carreira, relações familiares e saúde mental. Os dados obtidos foram descritos na forma de variáveis categóricas em percentagens.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Resultados</title>
					<p> Um total de 321 mulheres responderam ao questionário, representando 25% das sócias do DIC. A maioria das respondedoras tem entre 30 e 50 anos e trabalha com ecocardiografia. Cerca de 66% conciliam atividades de imagem com cardiologia clínica, e 47% relatam carga horária superior a 40 horas semanais. Apenas 39% ocupam cargos de chefia, porém, mais de 50% têm produção científica publicada. Em relação à maternidade, 73% são mães e quase a metade delas não interrompeu o trabalho com o nascimento do filho. Em relação à saúde mental, 63% relataram sintomas, sendo o burnout (22%), a ansiedade (17%) e a depressão (17%) os mais comuns.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusões</title>
					<p> As mulheres enfrentam desafios para equilibrar carreira e família, com impacto em sua saúde mental. O estudo sugere a necessidade de políticas institucionais de apoio à maternidade, mentorias e criação de programas de saúde mental direcionados a quem trabalha com imagem cardiovascular.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Mulheres</kwd>
				<kwd>Técnicas de Imagem Cardíaca</kwd>
				<kwd>saúde mental</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura Central</label>
						<caption>
							<title>: As Mulheres do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia: Desafios da Carreira e Família</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240092-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>A história da mulher na Medicina é antiga e marcada por momentos de marginalização, lutas e conquistas. A primeira mulher a ter um registro médico foi Elizabeth Blackwell, em 1849, na cidade de Nova York.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Nos séculos XX e XXI houve um crescente aumento no número das mulheres na Medicina. No Brasil, de acordo com dados dos Conselhos Regionais de Medicina, o número de mulheres vem aumentando desde 2009. A previsão feita pela Demografia Médica no Brasil 2023 indica que o número de mulheres superará o de médicos homens em 2024.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Em relação à cardiologia, 13% das cardiologistas são mulheres no Reino Unido<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup>e, nos EUA, a proporção é semelhante.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> No Brasil, segundo dados da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), 29% das sócias adimplentes são mulheres.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup>No Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da SBC (DIC-SBC), 44% dos sócios são do sexo feminino</p>
				<p>Em 2022, durante o 11⁰ Congresso do DIC-SBC, em São Paulo, a Dra. Samira Saady Morhy reuniu algumas mulheres do departamento a fim de discutir a história da mulher médica, cardiologista, que trabalha com imagem cardiovascular no Brasil. Nessa ocasião, foi criado o grupo de trabalho feminino do DIC-SBC, denominado “DIC Mulheres”. Foi debatido o papel da mulher nas instituições de ensino médico, na liderança de entidades associativas e hospitais e na sua rotina profissional em sua área de atuação. Em 2023, o DIC-SBC lançou a primeira pesquisa voltada para as suas sócias mulheres, no intuito de conhecer as motivações e elencar as barreiras enfrentadas por elas no decorrer da sua formação e no exercício da prática médica. A pesquisa gerou um editorial que mostrou um perfil resumido da mulher médica do DIC-SBC e apontou situações vivenciadas por elas, como a falta de motivação, discriminação, assédio moral, síndrome do impostor e depressão.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
				<p>O objetivo deste estudo foi expandir a iniciativa anterior, mapeando os desafios encontrados pelas mulheres especialistas em imagem cardiovascular, sócias do DIC-SBC, em aspectos como formação médica, atividade profissional, relações familiares e saúde mental.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="methods">
				<title>Métodos</title>
				<p>No período de 1º de março a 30 de abril de 2024, os autores disponibilizaram um questionário online no site do DIC-SBC, convidando suas associadas, especialistas em imagem cardiovascular (compreendendo ecocardiografia, ecografia vascular, tomografia cardíaca, ressonância magnética cardíaca e medicina nuclear), a participarem da pesquisa de forma voluntária. Além disso, foram enviados convites por e-mail e aplicativo de mensagem, abrangendo todo o território nacional. O questionário online foi aplicado pelo Google Forms de forma anônima, sem opção de identificação. Não houve qualquer compensação financeira ou material como contrapartida à participação na pesquisa. O questionário consistiu em 29 perguntas (http://bit.ly/dicmulheres2024) de preenchimento obrigatório sobre idade, formação médica, área de atuação da imagem, ambiente e tipo de trabalho exercido (hospitalar ou não hospitalar; exames de imagem isolados ou associados à prática da cardiologia clínica), atividades acadêmicas, renda mensal, discriminação, relações familiares e saúde mental. O questionário completo pode ser encontrado em “Material Complementar”. Pela recomendação da Resolução 510 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, este questionário não foi encaminhado para avaliação do sistema CEP/CONEP, visto tratar-se de uma pesquisa de opinião pública com participantes não identificados. Os dados obtidos foram descritos na forma de variáveis categóricas por seus valores absolutos e percentagens ou proporções.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>Resultados</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Aspectos gerais</title>
					<p>Um total de 321 mulheres acessaram e responderam ao questionário, o que equivale a 25% das mulheres do DIC. A maior parte das que responderam ao questionário encontrava-se entre 30 e 50 anos (67%) e 71% são casadas (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
					<p>
						<fig id="f02002">
							<label>Figura 1</label>
							<caption>
								<title>– Distribuição porcentual da faixa etária, estado civil e área de atuação</title>
							</caption>
							<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240092-gf02-pt.tif"/>
						</fig>
					</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Formação médica</title>
					<p>Sessenta e sete por cento das mulheres são especialistas, 29% possuem mestrado e/ou doutorado e 4% cursam residência médica. O tempo desde graduação variou de menos de 10 anos em 9%, 10 a 20 anos em 42%, 20 a 30 anos em 27%, mais de 30 anos em 22%.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Carreira</title>
					<p>A área de atuação em ecocardiografia foi referida por 92% da amostra (59% adulto, 33% pediátrico), restando tomografia/ressonância em 5,5%, ecografia vascular em 1,5%, e medicina nuclear em 1%. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 1</xref>) O local de trabalho relatado foi misto, compreendendo ambiente hospitalar e não hospitalar, em 68% das mulheres. De forma similar, 66% realizam paralelamente atendimentos em cardiologia clínica e em exames de imagem cardiovascular. Aproximadamente 34% trabalham apenas com exames de imagem cardiovascular. A carga horária trabalhada é maior de 40 horas semanais em 47% das mulheres. O regime de trabalho predominante (49%) é de pessoa física e/ou jurídica; entretanto, 47% possuem múltiplos regimes, incluindo Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT) e serviço público estatutário. Apenas 39% possuem cargo de chefia em sua área. Em relação às publicações científicas, 56% responderam que tem artigo publicado e 54% trabalham com ensino e pesquisa. Aproximadamente 37% das mulheres sentiram-se discriminadas no trabalho por serem mães. A renda média mensal foi menor que R$ 10.000,00 em 3%, R$ 10.0000 a 20.000,00 em 26%, R$20.000,00 a 30.000,00 em 41%, e maior que R$ 30.000,00 em 30%.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Família e saúde mental</title>
					<p>A maior parte das mulheres do DIC são mães (73%). Neste grupo (n = 235), 98% trabalharam durante a gestação, 48% não interromperam o trabalho após o nascimento do filho, e a interrupção para 43% não foi superior a 12 meses. A maioria (52%) tem dois filhos, enquanto 38% têm apenas um filho e 10% têm mais de dois filhos. Em resposta à pergunta se houve um impacto negativo na carreira por ser mãe, 60% responderam que não. Em paralelo, 53% responderam que não houve impacto negativo na sua relação com o filho, por trabalhar fora de casa (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03002">Figura 2</xref>). Por outro lado, 35% referiram que houve discriminação da família pelo fato de trabalhar fora. A maioria (93%) respondeu que não há estrutura de apoio para cuidar dos filhos no ambiente de trabalho. As mulheres que possuem responsabilidade nos afazeres domésticos compreendem 89% das da amostra, e 100% participam no pagamento das contas da casa. Setenta e nove porcento (79%) das respondedoras consideraram-se satisfeitas em relação ao equilíbrio entre carreira e família. No que tange à saúde mental, 63% das mulheres referiram sintomatologia relacionada, incluindo síndrome “burnout” em 22%, transtorno generalizado de ansiedade em 17%, depressão em 17%, e outras em 7% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04002">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
					<p>
						<fig id="f03002">
							<label>Figura 2</label>
							<caption>
								<title>– Distribuição porcentual do número de filhos, tempo de interrupção da carreira e impacto negativo na carreira e família</title>
							</caption>
							<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240092-gf03-pt.tif"/>
						</fig>
					</p>
					<p>
						<fig id="f04002">
							<label>Figura 3</label>
							<caption>
								<title>– Satisfação e saúde mental</title>
							</caption>
							<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240092-gf04-pt.tif"/>
						</fig>
					</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>Esta pesquisa nacional oferece um olhar inédito sobre a mulher que trabalha com imagem cardiovascular no Brasil, destacando a relação entre carreira, família e saúde mental. Embora as mulheres representem 44% dos sócios do DIC-SBC, apenas 25% participaram da pesquisa, um índice que, apesar de aceitável, sugere que futuras investigações poderiam engajar ainda mais participantes para ampliar a representatividade. Os dados revelam um perfil de mulheres predominantemente na faixa etária entre 30 e 50 anos, o que reflete uma fase de consolidação profissional e pessoal, similar ao observado por Morhy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Essas mulheres equilibram cargas de trabalho elevadas, frequentemente superiores a 40 horas semanais, e atuam tanto em ambiente hospitalar quanto não hospitalar, demonstrando uma versatilidade notável entre a prática clínica e os exames de imagem. A maioria tem a ecocardiografia como área de atuação, o que espelha o quadro associativo global do DIC-SBC. Mais da metade das respondedoras tem publicação de artigos em periódicos científicos, o que reflete o crescente protagonismo feminino na produção acadêmica nos últimos anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Ainda assim, apenas 39% ocupam cargos de chefia, indicando que, embora haja avanços na participação acadêmica, a ascensão a posições de liderança permanece um desafio. A maioria das participantes é mãe, e os dados revelam que a maternidade impacta tanto a vida profissional quanto a familiar. Embora 60% não percebam efeitos negativos na carreira devido à maternidade, mais de um terço relatou discriminação no ambiente de trabalho por ser mãe. Em paralelo, aproximadamente um terço sentiu-se discriminada no ambiente familiar por trabalhar fora. A rápida retomada da atividade profissional após o parto também é uma característica marcante, com menos mulheres interrompendo a carreira por mais de um ano. Esse retorno precoce ao trabalho reflete as limitações das leis trabalhistas em proteger as médicas autônomas.</p>
				<p>A maioria das mulheres do departamento que responderam à pesquisa ajuda nos afazeres domésticos e a totalidade participa com ajuda financeira no pagamento das contas da casa. Embora não tenhamos neste estudo dados salariais dos homens do DIC-SBC para comparação, estudo prévio sugeriu associação significativa entre sexo masculino e maiores faixa de renda dos cardiologistas brasileiros.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A sobrecarga de trabalho, profissional e domiciliar, possivelmente impacta a saúde mental das mulheres da imagem cardiovascular. O estudo encontrou uma alta prevalência de sintomas atribuídos ao burnout, ansiedade e depressão. É essencial que as instituições acadêmicas e empregadoras desenvolvam políticas de apoio, como mentorias, treinamentos em liderança e redes de apoio para mães trabalhadoras. Comparado aos dados europeus do European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> a nossa pesquisa reflete uma realidade global sobre as dificuldades em conciliar saúde mental com carreira e família. Embora dados específicos sobre assédio não tenham sido coletados em nosso estudo, pesquisas anteriores apontam esta questão como um desafio significativo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup>Apesar das barreiras encontradas, a maioria (79%) considerou-se satisfeita em relação ao balanço entre carreira e família, o que pode ser interpretado como um bom índice de realização profissional.</p>
				<sec>
					<title>Limitações</title>
					<p>Esta pesquisa envolveu uma amostra relativamente pequena das sócias do DIC, o que pode limitar a generalização dos resultados. Além disso, não foi possível avaliar diferenças regionais ou raciais, o que poderia oferecer uma compreensão mais rica e diversa sobre os desafios enfrentados por diferentes grupos de mulheres. Os sintomas relacionados à saúde mental foram espontaneamente referidos, sem a aplicação de questionários específicos.</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusões</title>
				<p>A pesquisa evidencia que as mulheres que trabalham com imagem cardiovascular no Brasil enfrentam desafios para equilibrar sua carreira e as responsabilidades familiares. Embora mostrem uma dedicação notável, há uma clara necessidade de maior apoio institucional e políticas que facilitem a conciliação entre o trabalho e a família. O reconhecimento da sobrecarga profissional e familiar enfrentada pelas mulheres médicas deve ser um ponto de atenção para os empregadores e instituições de ensino, visando a criação de um ambiente de trabalho mais saudável, voltado ao bem-estar da mulher.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Vinculação Acadêmica:</label>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado:</label>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
					<label>Fontes de Financiamento:</label>
					<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>