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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20240087i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Unicuspid Aortic Stenosis: Case Report</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8849-5727</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sousa</surname>
						<given-names>Welison Gutherrez Silva e</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-5830-5702</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Domingues</surname>
						<given-names>Julia Lucena</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-9805-4842</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Damasceno</surname>
						<given-names>Adriana Teixeira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-4376-1606</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Lemos</surname>
						<given-names>Alessandra Edna Teófilo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-9031-396X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Araújo</surname>
						<given-names>Antônio Luiz Júnior</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-0901-1504</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Evangelista</surname>
						<given-names>Nelson Lopes</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes, Fortaleza, CE – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label>Correspondência:</label><bold>Welison Gutherrez Silva e Sousa</bold> • Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes. Avenida Frei Cirilo. CEP: <postal-code>60480-285</postal-code>. Fortaleza, CE – Brasil E-mail: <email>welisongutherreznsr@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão</label>
					<p>Marcelo Tavares</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>05</day>
				<month>12</month>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>37</volume>
			<issue>4</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20240087</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>15</day>
					<month>09</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>02</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>24</day>
					<month>10</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords</title>
				<kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis</kwd>
				<kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
				<kwd>Heart Valve Diseases</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="6"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="8"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Unicuspid aortic valve (UAV) is an uncommon congenital pathology, first described by Edwards in 1958.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> It is a rare malformation (especially when compared to other aortic valve anomalies), with an estimated incidence of 0.02% of adults undergoing echocardiography and approximately 4% to 5% of patients undergoing surgery for aortic stenosis. Echocardiography is the first-choice method for diagnosis and definition of hemodynamic repercussions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In this study, we report the case of a patient with symptomatic aortic stenosis and describe her diagnosis and therapeutic management.</p>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Case presentation</title>
				<p>A 43-year-old female patient was admitted to our service, reporting progressive dyspnea (upon minimal effort, at admission) and mild, stabbing chest pain, which had begun approximately 3 months prior. She had hypertension and was under regular follow-up. Physical examination revealed a systolic murmur, predominantly in the aortic and accessory aortic foci, 4+/6+, radiating to the suprasternal notch. A transthoracic echocardiogram was requested, which revealed the following: concentric left ventricular hypertrophy; preserved left ventricular systolic function (with an estimated ejection fraction of 63%); grade II diastolic dysfunction; aortic valve with transvalvular peak systolic velocity of 4.38 m/s; maximum transvalvular gradient of 77 mmHg and mean of 51 mmHg (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>); Doppler velocity index of 0.24; valve area of 0.76 cm² estimated by the continuity equation; mild reflux; and mitral valve with normal appearance and mild regurgitation. The morphological aspect of the aortic valve was difficult to characterize on transthoracic echocardiography, and an associated transesophageal assessment was performed, which revealed a unicuspid, unicommissural aortic valve (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>), whose aspect was corroborated by 3-dimensional assessment (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>), without other significant associated valvular lesions. Thoracic and abdominal aortic angiotomography was performed, showing normal calibers and regular contours. Coronary angiotomography did not show any obstructive lesions or anomalous paths. Surgical treatment was chosen, and the patient underwent valve replacement with a metal prosthesis (following discussion of the case with the patient), with good postoperative recovery and hospital discharge with outpatient follow-up.</p>
				<fig id="f1">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Análise de fluxo transvalvar aórtico, ao Doppler contínuo, evidenciando altas velocidade e gradientes</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240087-gf01.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<fig id="f2">
					<label>Figura 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Visão transesofágica de VAU, com abertura limitada.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240087-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<fig id="f3">
					<label>Figura 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Visualização tridimensional de VAU.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240087-gf03.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>Congenital aortic valve malformation is a common cause of aortic valve disease, and it requires surgical treatment. Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common form, accounting for 90% of congenital malformations of the aortic valve. UAV is a relatively significant cause of stenosis in young people. Although it is significantly predominant in men, it has not been proven to be hereditary, and no correlations have been established with any specific genetic anomaly. Before the advent of improved echocardiographic techniques, its diagnosis was mainly based on intraoperative specimens or autopsy findings.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
			<p>According to the number of commissures, UAV can be classified as acommissural (with 3 underdeveloped, congenitally fused commissures) or unicommissural (2 underdeveloped commissures and 1 normal commissure, usually located between the left coronary and non-coronary cusps).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The acommissural subtype is more common in children, due to the severely and prematurely reduced opening area. In adults, the unicommissural form is the most prevalent, commonly presenting with dyspnea, angina, or syncope, resulting from valvular stenosis, typically around the third to fifth decade of life. Valvular regurgitation may be associated in varying degrees, but isolated presentation is rare.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Although the association is rarely described in the literature, UAV may predispose to infective endocarditis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Echocardiography is the method of choice for diagnosing UAV. The initial transthoracic approach may be hindered by limited acoustic windows, in addition to an eventual high degree of diffuse valve calcification and reduced cusp mobility. In contrast, transesophageal examination has significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity (75%) and specificity (86%). The following findings have been commonly associated with diagnosis of the condition: in the short-axis view, a posteriorly located orifice with 1 or 2 anteriorly visible raphes or a lone commissure located between the left and non-coronary cusps (both indicative of UAV); in the long-axis view, the coaptation line of the cusps located eccentrically towards the interventricular septum may also be suggestive. Surgical diagnosis has been considered the gold standard.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Other complementary methods, such as tomography, play a role in the assessment of the disease, given the need to evaluate other anomalies that are commonly present (for example, aortic or coronary anomalies), as well as eventual cases where echocardiography is limited in defining preoperative valve anatomy in greater detail.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The treatment of UAV can be challenging, given that the surgical modality chosen must respect the generally long life expectancy of patients who are usually young when diagnosed, as well as their quality of life and functionality. The choice of the best strategy should be thoroughly discussed with the patient and adapted to their individual needs, also taking the expertise of the treatment center into account. The surgical technical principles are divided between sparing the native valve and repairing it or replacing it with a prosthesis (mechanical, biological, or pulmonary autografts, also known as the Ross procedure).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> In patients with high surgical risk and favorable anatomy, transcatheter aortic valve implantation may be considered; however, there are fewer reports in the literature, given the frequent technical limitations to this method, for instance, the frequent presence of aortopathy and eccentric valve opening, which can make valve crossing and device delivery difficult.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>Even though it is rare, UAV is a disease that should be part of the differential diagnosis of aortic valve diseases in adults, especially when more common causes have not been clearly associated with the case. In these cases, it is up to the assisting team to use multimodality in cardiovascular imaging, and echocardiography is the first-choice exam in the search for a precise diagnosis.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
				<label>Sources of Funding</label>
				<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<label>Study Association</label>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
				<label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
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			<ref id="B8">
				<label>8</label>
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					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Chopra</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Uthayakumaran</surname>
							<given-names>K</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Rao</surname>
							<given-names>RS</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Ajit</surname>
							<given-names>MS</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Unicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis</article-title>
					<source>EuroIntervention</source>
					<year>2020</year>
					<volume>15</volume>
					<issue>18</issue>
					<fpage>1592</fpage>
					<lpage>1593</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4244/EIJ-D-20-00076</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
				<mixed-citation>8 Chopra A, Uthayakumaran K, Rao RS, Ajit MS. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Unicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis. EuroIntervention. 2020;15(18):1592-3. doi: 10.4244/EIJ-D-20-00076.</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20240087</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Estenose Aórtica Unicúspide: Relato de Caso</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8849-5727</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sousa</surname>
						<given-names>Welison Gutherrez Silva e</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-5830-5702</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Domingues</surname>
						<given-names>Julia Lucena</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-9805-4842</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Damasceno</surname>
						<given-names>Adriana Teixeira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-4376-1606</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Lemos</surname>
						<given-names>Alessandra Edna Teófilo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-9031-396X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Araújo</surname>
						<given-names>Antônio Luiz Júnior</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-0901-1504</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Evangelista</surname>
						<given-names>Nelson Lopes</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>1</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes, Fortaleza, CE – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">
					<label>Correspondência:</label><bold>Welison Gutherrez Silva e Sousa</bold> • Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes. Avenida Frei Cirilo. CEP: <postal-code>60480-285</postal-code>. Fortaleza, CE – Brasil E-mail: <email>welisongutherreznsr@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Marcelo Tavares</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave</title>
				<kwd>Estenose da Valva Aórtica</kwd>
				<kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
				<kwd>Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>A valva aórtica unicúspide (VAU) é uma patologia congênita incomum, descrita pela primeira vez por Edwards, em 1958.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Constitui malformação rara (principalmente quando comparada a outras anomalias valvares aórticas), com incidência estimada em 0,02% de adultos submetidos a ecocardiografia, e aproximadamente 4% a 5% de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia por estenose aórtica. A ecocardiografia é o método de primeira escolha em seu diagnóstico e definição de repercussões hemodinâmicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Neste trabalho, relatamos o caso de uma paciente portadora de estenose aórtica sintomática, bem como a descrição de seu diagnóstico e condução terapêutica.</p>
				<sec sec-type="cases">
					<title>Apresentação do caso</title>
					<p>Paciente do sexo feminino, 43 anos, admitida em nosso serviço com relato de dispneia progressiva (aos mínimos esforços, à admissão) e dor precordial leve, em pontadas, com início há cerca de 3 meses. Hipertensa, sob seguimento regular. Ao exame físico, sopro sistólico predominante em focos aórtico e aórtico acessório, 4+/6+, com irradiação para fúrcula esternal. Solicitado ecocardiograma transtorácico, que evidenciou hipertrofia concêntrica do ventrículo esquerdo; função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo preservada (com fração de ejeção estimada em 63%); disfunção diastólica grau II; valva aórtica com velocidade de pico sistólico transvalvar 4,38 m/s; gradiente transvalvar máximo 77 mmHg e médio 51 mmHg (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1</xref>); índice de velocidade Doppler 0,24; área valvar estimada pela equação de continuidade em 0,76 cm²; refluxo leve; valva mitral com aspecto normal e regurgitação discreta. O aspecto morfológico da valva aórtica foi de difícil caracterização ao ecocardiograma transtorácico, sendo efetuada avaliação transesofágica associada, que evidenciou VAU, unicomissural (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref>), com aspecto corroborado pela avaliação tridimensional (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3</xref>), sem outras lesões valvares significativas associadas. Realizado estudo com angiotomografia aórtica torácica e abdominal, que evidenciou calibres normais e contornos regulares. A angiotomografia de coronárias não apresentou lesões obstrutivas ou trajetos anômalos evidenciados. Optado então por tratamento cirúrgico da paciente, submetida a troca valvar por prótese metálica (após discussão do caso com a paciente), com boa recuperação pós-operatória e alta hospitalar com seguimento ambulatorial.</p>
					<fig id="f4">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Análise de fluxo transvalvar aórtico, ao Doppler contínuo, evidenciando altas velocidade e gradientes</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240087-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
					<fig id="f5">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Visão transesofágica de VAU, com abertura limitada.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240087-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
					<fig id="f6">
						<label>Figura 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Visualização tridimensional de VAU.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-04-e20240087-gf03-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>A malformação congênita valvar aórtica é uma causa comum de valvopatias aórticas e necessita de abordagem cirúrgica, sendo a bicúspide a forma mais comum, representando 90% das valvas aórticas congenitamente defeituosas. A VAU é uma causa relativamente significativa de estenose em jovens. Apesar da significativa predominância em homens, não foi provada como hereditária, assim como não foram estabelecidas correlações com nenhuma anomalia genética específica. Antes do advento de melhores técnicas ecocardiográficas, seu diagnóstico era principalmente através de peças intraoperatórias ou achados de autópsia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
				<p>De acordo com o número de comissuras, a VAU pode ser classificada em acomissural (com três comissuras subdesenvolvidas, congenitamente fundidas) ou unicomissural (duas comissuras subdesenvolvidas e outra normal, geralmente localizada entre as cúspides coronariana esquerda e não coronariana).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> O subtipo acomissural é mais comum em crianças, pela área de abertura severa e precocemente reduzida. Em adultos, a forma unicomissural é a mais prevalente, comumente se apresentando com dispneia, angina ou síncope, decorrentes da estenose valvar, tipicamente por volta da terceira a quinta década de vida. A regurgitação valvar pode estar associada em graus variáveis, porém sua apresentação isolada é rara.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Apesar da associação pouco descrita na literatura, a VAU pode predispor a endocardite infecciosa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
				<p>O ecocardiograma é o método de escolha para o diagnóstico da VAU, podendo a abordagem transtorácica inicial ser dificultada por janelas acústicas limitadas, além do eventual alto grau de calcificação valvar difusa e mobilidade reduzida das cúspides. Em contraste, o exame transesofágico apresenta significativamente maiores sensibilidade (75%) e especificidade (86%) no diagnóstico. Os achados comumente associados ao diagnóstico da condição foram: na visão do eixo curto, um orifício localizado posteriormente com 1 ou 2 rafes visíveis anteriormente ou uma comissura solitária localizada entre as cúspides esquerda e não coronária (ambos indicativos de UAV); na visão do eixo longo, o achado da linha de coaptação das cúspides localizadas excentricamente em direção ao septo interventricular também pode ser sugestivo. O diagnóstico cirúrgico tem sido considerado como o padrão-ouro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Outros métodos complementares, como a tomografia, tem seu papel na avaliação da patologia, tendo em vista a necessidade de avaliação de outras anomalias comumente presentes (como, por exemplo, aórticas ou coronárias), assim como em eventuais casos de limitação da ecocardiografia em definir com maiores detalhes a anatomia valvar pre-operatória.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
				<p>O tratamento da VAU pode ser desafiador, tendo em vista que a modalidade cirúrgica a ser escolhida deve respeitar a geralmente longa expectativa de vida dos geralmente jovens pacientes diagnosticados, assim como sua qualidade de vida e funcionalidade. A escolha da melhor estratégia deve ser amplamente discutida com o paciente e adaptada às suas necessidades individuais, assim como se deve levar em consideração a expertise do centro de tratamento. Os princípios técnicos cirúrgicos se dividem entre poupar a valva nativa e repará-la, ou sua substituição por uma prótese (mecânica, biológica ou autoenxertos pulmonares – cirurgia de Ross).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Em pacientes de alto risco cirúrgico e anatomia favorável, a troca valvar aórtica transcateter pode ser considerada, porém, com menos relatos na literatura, tendo em vista as frequentes limitações técnicas ao método, como a presença frequente de aortopatia e abertura excêntrica valvar, o que pode dificultar seu cruzamento e a entrega do dispositivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>Apesar de rara, a VAU é uma patologia que deve fazer parte dos diagnósticos diferenciais de valvopatias aórticas no adulto, principalmente quando causas mais comuns não forem claramente associáveis ao caso. Nestes casos, cabe à equipe assistente a utilização da multimodalidade em imagem cardiovascular, sendo a ecocardiografia o exame de primeira escolha, na busca do preciso diagnóstico.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn4">
					<label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
					<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
					<label>Vinculação Acadêmica</label>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
					<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</label>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>