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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20240029i</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20240029i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Stent Implantation in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract to Pulmonary Artery in a Child with Pentalogy of Cantrell: Case Report</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-4476-9551</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Lombardi</surname>
						<given-names>Jonathan Guimarães</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role> writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-9003-4121</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Calamita</surname>
						<given-names>Paulo Correia</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-0403-1498</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Tannus</surname>
						<given-names>Laura Moreira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-1601-6052</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barreto</surname>
						<given-names>Mayra Rosana Palmeira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5720-1984</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rosado</surname>
						<given-names>Luiza Emylce Pelá</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8763-561X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Gardenghi</surname>
						<given-names>Giulliano</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>acquisition of data</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital da Criança</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital da Criança, Goiânia, GO – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>2</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Estadual da Mulher</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital Estadual da Mulher (HEMU), Goiânia, GO – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff3">
					<label>3</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Clínica de Anestesia</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Clínica de Anestesia, Coordenação Científica, Goiânia, GO – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff4">
					<label>4</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Encore</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital Encore, Coordenação Científica, Goiânia, GO – Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Giulliano Gardenghi</bold> • Hospital Encore, Scientific Coordination. Rua Gurupi, Qd.25, Lt.06/08. Postal Code: <postal-code>74905-350</postal-code>. Setor Vila Brasília, Aparecida de Goiânia, GO – Brazil E-mail: <email>coordenacao.cientifica@ceafi.edu.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsible for the review: Karen Saori Shiraishi Sawamura</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p><bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold></p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>06</day>
				<month>06</month>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>06</month>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>37</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20240029</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>28</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>11</day>
					<month>04</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>24</day>
					<month>04</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords</title>
				<kwd>Congenital Heart Defects</kwd>
				<kwd>Treatment Outcome</kwd>
				<kwd>Catheterization</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="10"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="10"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Pentalogy of Cantrell is a syndrome that was first described in 1958. It is characterized by 5 main malformations: defect in the lower sternum, defect in the anterior pericardium, defect in the upper abdomen, deficiency of the anterior diaphragm, and heart defects.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The syndrome is rare, with an incidence of 1 in 65,000 live births.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> It is characterized by midline defects resulting from defective development of the septum transversum.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Other congenital heart lesions associated with pentalogy of Cantrell may include atrial septal defect, pulmonary valve stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, dextrocardia, anomalous pulmonary venous connection, tricuspid atresia, and truncus arteriosus.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Children with pentalogy of Cantrell constitute a population with high morbidity and mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In this case report, we demonstrate a hemodynamic procedure performed in a patient with this rare congenital anomaly.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="cases">
			<title>Case report</title>
			<p>A premature newborn (gestational age of 36 weeks) was diagnosed with pentalogy of Cantrell, presenting absence of the lower portion of the sternum bone, with partial herniation of the heart through the anterior thoracic wall, diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles in the supraumbilical anterior abdominal wall, with insinuation and partial herniation of the liver (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">2</xref>), in addition to complex heart disease. Echocardiogram and angiotomography demonstrated double inlet left ventricle and double outlet right ventricle, with malposition of the great arteries and important infundibular and pulmonary valve stenosis. Shortly after birth, the patient developed hypoxemia requiring orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation with high settings, without significant improvement.</p>
			<fig id="f1">
				<label>Figure 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Patient with partial herniation of the heart and liver.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-02-e20240029-gf01.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<fig id="f2">
				<label>Figure 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>CT angiography. A and B) CT angiography showing herniation of the heart and liver; C and D) 3D reconstruction demonstrating herniation of the heart and liver.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-02-e20240029-gf02.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<p>The patient was transferred to a pediatric cardiology reference center at the age of 21 days, in a severe hypoxemic state (saturation of 50% to 60% with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 100%), without prostaglandin infusion, and closed ductus arteriosus. An attempt was made to reopen the ductus arteriosus with a prostaglandin infusion, but it was not successful. Limited prognosis was discussed with family members due to complex heart disease and comorbidities. Therapeutic strategies were also discussed with the clinical team, and the possibility of surgically performing a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt was ruled out due to the anatomy and cardiac herniation. Therefore, the decision was made to take the 24-day-old patient weighing 2.2 kg to the cardiac catheterization room for stent implantation in the ventricular outflow tract to the pulmonary trunk.</p>
			<sec>
				<title>Interventional procedure</title>
				<p>The right femoral vein was punctured with the aid of ultrasound, and a 4/5 F slender transradial introducer was positioned. A 4 F Judkins right catheter was used on a 0.014” × 190 cm Balance Heavyweight guidewire to perform angiography in the main ventricle, confirming the diagnosis of infundibular and pulmonary valve stenosis, associated with malposition of the great arteries and hypoplasia of the pulmonary arteries (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>). The 0.014” × 190 cm Balance Heavyweight guidewire was positioned in the inferior branch of the right pulmonary artery. The venous introducer was replaced with a 6 F transradial introducer. Palmaz Blue 5.0 × 18 mm and Palmaz Blue 6.0 × 15 mm stents were sequentially implanted in the ventricular outflow tract in a telescopic manner. Control cineangiography was performed (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4</xref>). The catheter and introducer were removed, and compressive occlusive dressing was applied after manual hemostatic compression.</p>
				<fig id="f3">
					<label>Figure 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Angiography and ventriculography. A) Angiography in cranial PA showing significant subvalvular and pulmonary valve obstruction; B) Left lateral ventriculography showing partial herniation of the heart and stenosis in the pulmonary outflow tract. Ao: aorta; AOT: aortic outflow tract; POT: pulmonary outflow tract; PV: pulmonary vein.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-02-e20240029-gf03.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<fig id="f4">
					<label>Figure 4</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Percutaneous intervention. A) Positioning a 0.014” 190 cm Balance Heavyweight guide in the inferior branch of the right pulmonary artery and supported by the same progressed stent. B) PALAMZ BLUE 5x18mm stent implanted in the pulmonary outflow tract; C) PALMAZ BLUE 6x15mm stent implanted telescoping the previously implanted stent; D) Ventriculography in cranial PA showing significant improvement in anterograde flow to pulmonary arteries; E) Ventriculography in left profile showing the entire infundibulum covered by the stent set. Ao: aorta; LPA: left pulmonary artery; PT: pulmonary trunk; PV: pulmonary vein; RPA: right pulmonary artery.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-02-e20240029-gf04.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>Control transthoracic echocardiography revealed a set of well positioned stents in the pulmonary outflow tract, covering the entire infundibulum and pulmonary valve, with an estimated maximum gradient of 21 mmHg and significant reflux, in addition to preserved flow to the pulmonary arteries (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 5</xref>).</p>
				<fig id="f5">
					<label>Figure 5</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Angiography and ventriculography. A) Angiography in cranial PA showing significant subvalvular and pulmonary valve obstruction; B) Left lateral ventriculography showing partial herniation of the heart and stenosis in the pulmonary outflow tract. LPA: left pulmonary artery; RPA: right pulmonary artery.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-02-e20240029-gf05.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>After catheterization, the patient received a prophylactic dose of enoxaparin (1 mg/kg/dose, once daily) for 2 days, and was subsequently switched to acetylsalicylic acid 5 mg/kg/day. During the days following catheterization, the patient progressed with significantly improved saturation (70% to 89%) with a reduction in the fraction of inspired oxygen (to 65%) and other ventilatory settings. During hospitalization, the patient developed sepsis. Multidrug-resistant <italic>Serratia marcescens</italic> was isolated in blood and urine cultures, and the patient died at 2 months of age.</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>Patients with pentalogy of Cantrell and cardiac malformations who require surgical intervention have worse prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In this case report, we demonstrate a rare case of percutaneous treatment with stent implantation in the ventricular outflow tract to alleviate critical obstruction to pulmonary flow in a patient with double inlet left ventricle, double outlet right ventricle, malposition of the great arteries, and pentalogy of Cantrell.</p>
			<p>To date, few case reports have been published on percutaneous treatment of congenital heart disease in patients with pentalogy of Cantrell. McMahon describes the case of a patient with double outlet right ventricle and pulmonary outflow tract obstruction with successful stent implantation in the ventricular outflow tract.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Galeczka describes percutaneous atrial septal defect closure procedure in a patient,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> while Tanaka describes a pulmonary valvuloplasty performed by ventricular puncture in a patient with pentalogy of Cantrell and ectopia cordis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Percutaneous stent implantation in the pulmonary outflow tract ensures better anterograde flow to the pulmonary arteries, improving the patient's saturation and promoting the growth of the pulmonary arteries. This is a palliative measure, with the aim of optimizing the patient's clinical conditions in order to plan surgical correction of the heart disease at an appropriate age and weight.</p>
			<p>Percutaneous stent implantation in the right ventricular outflow tract is a widely used strategy in patients with tetralogy of Fallot.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Possible complications of the procedure include definitive impairment of pulmonary valve function, stent fracture, stent embolization, restenosis of the right ventricular outflow tract, and arrhythmia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The most common mechanism of restenosis of the right ventricular outflow tract is obstruction due to an infundibulum not covered by the stent, generally due to the implantation of a stent that is shorter than ideal. In the reported case, as the first implanted stent did not cover the entire infundibulum, the decision was made to implant a second telescoped stent to cover all the musculature of the infundibulum. Stent implantation in the right ventricular outflow tract results in greater growth of the pulmonary arteries than modified Blalock-Taussig surgery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>This report demonstrates a rare case of percutaneous treatment with stent implantation in the ventricular outflow tract to alleviate critical obstruction to pulmonary flow in a patient with double inlet left ventricle, double outlet right ventricle, malposition of the great arteries, and pentalogy of Cantrell.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
				<p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold></p>
				<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<p><bold>Study Association</bold></p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
				<p><bold>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</bold></p>
				<p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the CEP/HUGO (GO) under the protocol number 77435824.0.0000.0033. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
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	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20240029</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Implante de Stent na Via de Saída do Ventrículo Direito para Artéria Pulmonar em Criança com Pentalogia de Cantrell: Relato de Caso</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-4476-9551</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Lombardi</surname>
						<given-names>Jonathan Guimarães</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-9003-4121</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Calamita</surname>
						<given-names>Paulo Correia</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-0403-1498</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Tannus</surname>
						<given-names>Laura Moreira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-1601-6052</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Barreto</surname>
						<given-names>Mayra Rosana Palmeira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5720-1984</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rosado</surname>
						<given-names>Luiza Emylce Pelá</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>obtenção de dados e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8763-561X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Gardenghi</surname>
						<given-names>Giulliano</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>4</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff5">
					<label>1</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital da Criança, Goiânia, GO – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff6">
					<label>2</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital Estadual da Mulher (HEMU), Goiânia, GO – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff7">
					<label>3</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Clínica de Anestesia, Coordenação Científica, Goiânia, GO – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff8">
					<label>4</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital Encore, Coordenação Científica, Goiânia, GO – Brasil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspondência: Giulliano Gardenghi</bold> • Hospital Encore, Scientific Coordination. Rua Gurupi, Qd.25, Lt.06/08. CEP: <postal-code>74905-350</postal-code>. Setor Vila Brasília, Aparecida de Goiânia, GO – Brasil E-mail: <email>coordenacao.cientifica@ceafi.edu.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<p>Editor responsável pela revisão: Karen Saori Shiraishi Sawamura</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p><bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold></p>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave</title>
				<kwd>Cardiopatias Congênitas</kwd>
				<kwd>Resultado do Tratamento</kwd>
				<kwd>Cateterismo</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>A pentalogia de Cantrell é uma síndrome descrita pela primeira vez em 1958 e é caracterizada por cinco malformações principais: defeito na porção inferior do esterno, defeito na porção anterior do pericárdio, defeito na porção superior do abdome, ausência da porção anterior do diafragma e malformações cardíacas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Esta síndrome é rara, com incidência de 1 em 65.000 nascidos vivos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> É caracterizada por defeitos na linha média, resultantes do desenvolvimento defeituoso do septo transverso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Outras lesões cardíacas congênitas associadas à pentalogia de Cantrell podem incluir defeito do septo atrial, estenose valvar pulmonar, tetralogia de Fallot, dextrocardia, conexão venosa pulmonar anômala, atresia tricúspide e tronco arterioso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Crianças com pentalogia de Cantrell constituem uma população com alta morbidade e mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> No presente relato de caso, demonstramos um procedimento hemodinâmico realizado em paciente com essa rara anomalia congênita.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Relato de caso</title>
				<p>Um recém-nascido prematuro (idade gestacional de 36 semanas) foi diagnosticado com pentalogia de Cantrell, apresentando ausência da porção inferior do osso esterno, com herniação parcial do coração através da parede anterior torácica, diástase dos músculos reto abdominais no aspecto supraumbilical da parede abdominal anterior, com insinuação e herniação parcial do fígado (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figuras 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">2</xref>), além de cardiopatia complexa. Ecocardiograma e angiotomografia demonstraram dupla via de entrada de ventrículo esquerdo e dupla via de saída do ventrículo direito, com má posição das grandes artérias e estenose infundibular e valvar pulmonar importante. Logo após o nascimento, paciente apresentou hipoxemia necessitando de intubação orotraqueal e ventilação mecânica com altos parâmetros ventilatórios, sem melhora significativa.</p>
				<fig id="f6">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Paciente com herniação parcial do coração e do fígado.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-02-e20240029-gf01-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<fig id="f7">
					<label>Figura 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Angiotomografia. A e B) Angiotomografia evidenciando herniação do coração e do fígado; C e D) reconstrução em 3D demonstrando herniação do coração e do fígado.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-02-e20240029-gf02-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>Paciente foi transferido para serviço de referência em cardiologia pediátrica com 21 dias de vida, em estado hipoxêmico grave (saturando 50% a 60% com fração inspirada de oxigênio de 100%), sem infusão de prostaglandina e com canal arterial fechado. Tentado reabrir o canal arterial com infusão de prostaglandina, sem sucesso. Discutido com familiares sobre prognóstico reservado pela cardiopatia complexa e comorbidades. Discutido também com equipe clínica sobre estratégias terapêuticas e descartada possibilidade de realizar um shunt sistêmico-pulmonar cirurgicamente pela anatomia e herniação cardíaca. Logo, foi optado por levar paciente com 24 dias de vida, pesando 2,2 kg para sala de cateterismo cardíaco para implante de stent na via de saída ventricular para o tronco pulmonar.</p>
				<sec>
					<title>Procedimento intervencionista</title>
					<p>Puncionada a veia femoral direita sob auxílio de ultrassom e posicionado introdutor transradial slender 4/5 F. Utilizado cateter Judkins right 4 F sobre corda guia 0,014” de 190 cm Balance Heavyweight para realizar angiografias no ventrículo principal, confirmando o diagnóstico de estenose infundibular e valvar pulmonar, associado a má posição das grandes artérias e hipoplasia das artérias pulmonares (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figura 3</xref>). Posicionado o guia 0,014” de 190 cm Balance Heavyweight no ramo inferior da artéria pulmonar direita. Trocado introdutor venoso por introdutor transradial 6 F. Realizado implante sequencial de stents Palmaz Blue 5,0 × 18 mm e Palmaz Blue 6,0 × 15 mm na via de saída ventricular de forma telescopada. Realizadas cineangiografias de controle (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f9">Figura 4</xref>). Retirado cateter e introdutor e realizado curativo oclusivo compressivo após compressão hemostática manual.</p>
					<fig id="f8">
						<label>Figura 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Angiografia e ventriculografia. A) Angiografia em PA cranial evidenciando obstrução subvalvar e valvar pulmonar importante; B) Ventriculografia em perfil esquerdo evidenciando herniação parcial do coração e estenose na via de saída pulmonar. Ao: aorta; VSAo: via de saída da aorta; VSPu: via de saída pulmonar; VP: veia pulmonar.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-02-e20240029-gf03-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
					<fig id="f9">
						<label>Figura 4</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Intervenção percutânea. A) Posicionado guia 0,014″ de 190 cm Balance Heavyweight no ramo inferior da artéria pulmonar direita e sob suporte do mesmo progredido stent. B) Implantado stent PALAMZ BLUE 5x18mm na via de saída pulmonar; C) Implantado stent PALMAZ BLUE 6x15mm telescopado ao stent previamente implantado; D) Ventriculografia em PA cranial evidenciando melhora importante do fluxo anterógrado para artérias pulmonares; E) Ventriculografia em perfil esquerdo mostrando todo o infundíbulo coberto pelo conjunto de stents. VP: ventrículo principal; Ao: aorta; TP: tronco pulmonar; APD: artéria pulmonar direita; APE: artéria pulmonar esquerda.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-02-e20240029-gf04-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
					<p>O ecocardiograma transtorácico de controle evidenciou conjunto de stents bem-posicionado na via de saída pulmonar, cobrindo todo o infundíbulo e a valva pulmonar, com gradiente máximo estimado em 21 mmHg e refluxo importante, além de fluxo preservado para as artérias pulmonares (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">Figura 5</xref>).</p>
					<fig id="f10">
						<label>Figura 5</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Ecocardiograma de controle pós-intervenção. A e B) Ecocardiograma em corte quatro câmaras evidenciando conjunto de stents cobrindo todo o infundíbulo e valva pulmonar, sem estenose significativa e com refluxo pulmonar total; C) corte evidenciando fluxo anterógrado adequado para as artérias pulmonares. APD: artéria pulmonar direita; APE: artéria pulmonar esquerda.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcimg-37-02-e20240029-gf05-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
					<p>Após o cateterismo, paciente recebeu enoxaparina em dose profilática (1 mg/kg/dose uma vez ao dia) por dois dias, sendo então trocado por ácido acetilsalicílico 5 mg/kg/dia. Nos dias seguintes ao cateterismo, paciente evoluiu com melhora significativa da saturação (70% a 89%) com redução da fração inspirada de oxigênio (até 65%) e de outros parâmetros ventilatórios. Durante internação, paciente evoluiu com sepse, sendo isolado em hemocultura e urocultura <italic>Serratia marensces</italic> multirresistente, e foi a óbito com 2 meses de vida.</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>Pacientes com pentalogia de Cantrell com malformações cardíacas com necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica apresentam pior prognóstico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> No presente relato de caso, demonstramos um caso raro de tratamento percutâneo com implante de stent na via de saída ventricular para aliviar a obstrução crítica ao fluxo pulmonar em paciente com dupla via de entrada de ventrículo esquerdo, dupla via de saída de ventrículo direito, má posição das grandes artérias e pentalogia de Cantrell.</p>
				<p>Poucos relatos de caso foram publicados até o momento sobre tratamento percutâneo de cardiopatia congênita em pacientes com pentalogia de Cantrell. McMahon descreve um caso de paciente com dupla via de saída de ventrículo direito e obstrução na via de saída pulmonar em que implantou, com sucesso, stent na via de saída ventricular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Galeczka descreve um procedimento de oclusão percutânea de comunicação interatrial em paciente com pentalogia de Cantrell,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> enquanto Tanaka descreve uma valvoplastia pulmonar realizada por punção ventricular de paciente com pentalogia de Cantrell e ectopia cordis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>O implante percutâneo de stent na via de saída pulmonar garante um melhor fluxo anterógrado para as artérias pulmonares, melhorando a saturação do paciente e proporcionando o crescimento das artérias pulmonares. Esta é uma medida paliativa, com o intuito de otimizar as condições clínicas do paciente para programar a correção cirúrgica da cardiopatia com idade e peso adequados.</p>
				<p>O implante percutâneo de stent na via de saída de ventrículo direito é uma estratégia bastante utilizada em pacientes com tetralogia de Fallot.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Possíveis complicações do procedimento são o comprometimento de forma definitiva do funcionamento da valva pulmonar, fratura do stent, embolização do stent, reestenose da via de saída do ventrículo direito e arritmia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> O mecanismo mais comum de reestenose da via de saída do ventrículo direito é a obstrução por infundíbulo não coberto pelo stent, geralmente por implante de stent mais curto do que o ideal. Neste caso relatado, por não cobrir todo o infundíbulo com o primeiro stent implantado, foi optado por implantar um segundo stent telescopado para cobrir toda a musculatura do infundíbulo. O implante de stent na via de saída do ventrículo direito cursa com maior crescimento das artérias pulmonares do que a cirurgia de Blalock-Taussig modificado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>Este relato demostra um caso raro de tratamento percutâneo com implante de stent na via de saída ventricular para aliviar a obstrução crítica ao fluxo pulmonar em paciente com dupla via de entrada de ventrículo esquerdo, dupla via de saída de ventrículo direito, má posição das grandes artérias e pentalogia de Cantrell.</p>
			</sec>
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		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
					<p><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold></p>
					<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
					<p><bold>Vinculação Acadêmica</bold></p>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
					<p><bold>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</bold></p>
					<p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do CEP/HUGO (GO) sob o número de protocolo 77435824.0.0000.0033. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo estão de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes incluídos no estudo.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>