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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">6VJVGYg6zfhRzWc8hYj9Dns</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S2675-312X2026000201003</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01003</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260074i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Beyond Imaging: The Silent Impact of Depression on Coronary Artery Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9870-0990</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Quagliato</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Cestari</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital e Maternidade S&#227;o Luiz Campinas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Campinas</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital e Maternidade S&#227;o Luiz Campinas, Campinas, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Priscila Cestari Quagliato</bold> &#8226; Hospital e Maternidade S&#227;o Luiz Campinas. Av. Andrade Neves, 863. Postal Code: <postal-code>13070-000</postal-code>. Campinas, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>cestari.fpriscila@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>39</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260074</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Depression</kwd>
        <kwd>Mental Health</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiology</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, and its intersection with mental health has received prominent attention in contemporary cardiology discussions. In 2025, the European Society of Cardiology published a guideline specifically addressing the multidirectional association between mental health and cardiovascular disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Key issues were highlighted, including healthcare professionals&#8217; limited awareness regarding the prevalence of mental disorders and their direct impacts on cardiovascular health, as well as inadequate recognition of severe mental illness and the stigmas associated with these conditions.</p>
    <p>Mental disorders play a detrimental role in cardiovascular prevention, affecting treatment adherence and management of acute decompensations. The overlapping symptoms of the two conditions and the difficulties in monitoring chronic disease negatively impact patient prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A recent study conducted at a Brazilian federal university hospital revealed an alarming scenario: among 120 patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging, 48.3% presented symptoms consistent with moderately severe to severe depression, and 12.5% reported suicidal ideation. This prevalence is almost five times higher than that observed in the general Brazilian population,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> reinforcing these patients&#8217; psychosocial vulnerability. The study did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between the severity of depressive symptoms and the presence of ischemia detected by conventional myocardial perfusion imaging, suggesting that psychological distress may be independent of immediate anatomical severity.</p>
    <p>This apparent lack of association further complicates the clinical scenario. Although previous studies, such as the one by Fotopoulos et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> have attempted to correlate perfusion findings with depression and anxiety, outpatient settings have shown that traditional risk factors for CAD also predispose to mental disorders in a bidirectional cycle. For example, obesity and smoking are closely linked to depressive symptoms through reward mechanisms and chronic inflammation. The impact on quality of life is drastic, with 88.3% of patients reporting poor perception of their physical health.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Symptoms such as frustration, sadness, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and intense fear of death have been reported as post-myocardial infarction experiences; however, persistent or disabling distress may also indicate an associated psychiatric disorder.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Studies such as the one by Barbirato et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> have demonstrated that mental stress testing can induce myocardial perfusion defects in up to 40% of asymptomatic patients, highlighting the complexity of the neuro-humoral mechanisms linking the mind to the heart. Given the shortage of mental health specialists in Brazil (with only 6.69 psychiatrists per 100,000 inhabitants and an uneven geographical distribution),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> it is imperative that the diagnosis and initial management of mental health disorders be integrated into the routine practice of primary care physicians and cardiologists.</p>
    <p>In this context, the formation of a multidisciplinary cardiology and mental health team is strongly recommended, operating analogously to the well-established heart team for highly complex cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A stepwise implementation of this multidisciplinary team following the ACTIVE principles has been proposed for team development (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). The acronym stands for Acknowledge, Check, (use validated) Tools, Implement, Venture, and Evaluate, thereby allowing better process control and adaptation to the realities of individual health settings.</p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figure 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>The multidirectional cycle between cardiovascular disease and mental health and the suggested ACTIVE (Acknowledge, Check, [use validated] Tools, Implement, Venture, Evaluate) principles for implementing multidisciplinary teams. Adapted from the 2025 ESC Clinical Consensus Statement on mental health and cardiovascular disease: developed under the auspices of the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee. European Heart Journal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20260074-0074i-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <p>The implementation of brief, validated screening tools, such as the PHQ-2 or PHQ-9, as part of routine cardiological assessment, represents a "golden opportunity." These measures enable early interventions and a truly patient-centered approach. In conclusion, modern cardiology requires us to look beyond. Ignoring the heart&#8211;mind connection results in incomplete care. Clinical practice must evolve to incorporate structured mental health screening, thereby ensuring better clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Short editorial related to the article: Major Depressive Disorder and Quality of Life in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Myocardial Perfusion Imaging</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260074</article-id>
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        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Al&#233;m da Imagem: O Impacto Silencioso da Depress&#227;o na Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9870-0990</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Quagliato</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Cestari</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
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            <named-content content-type="city">Campinas</named-content>
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          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital e Maternidade S&#227;o Luiz Campinas, Campinas, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Priscila Cestari Quagliato</bold> &#8226; Hospital e Maternidade S&#227;o Luiz Campinas. Av. Andrade Neves, 863. CEP: <postal-code>13070-000</postal-code>. Campinas, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>cestari.fpriscila@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Depress&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Sa&#250;de Mental</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiologia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) permanece como a principal causa de morbimortalidade global, e a sua intersec&#231;&#227;o com a sa&#250;de mental tem ganhado merecido destaque nas discuss&#245;es cardiol&#243;gicas contempor&#226;neas. Em 2025, a Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia publicou uma diretriz abordando especificamente a associa&#231;&#227;o multidirecional entre sa&#250;de mental e doen&#231;a cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Pontos cr&#237;ticos foram destacados, incluindo o desconhecimento dos profissionais de sa&#250;de sobre a preval&#234;ncia de dist&#250;rbios mentais e seus impactos diretos na sa&#250;de cardiovascular, al&#233;m do reconhecimento inadequado da doen&#231;a mental grave e dos estigmas associados a essa condi&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>A doen&#231;a mental atua como um fator prejudicial direto na preven&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular, afetando a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e o manejo de descompensa&#231;&#245;es agudas. A sintomatologia sobreposta entre as duas condi&#231;&#245;es e as dificuldades no seguimento da doen&#231;a cr&#244;nica impactam negativamente o progn&#243;stico do paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Um estudo recente, conduzido em um hospital universit&#225;rio federal, evidenciou uma realidade alarmante: em uma amostra de 120 pacientes submetidos &#224; cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, 48,3% apresentavam sintomas compat&#237;veis com depress&#227;o moderadamente grave a grave, e 12,5% relatavam idea&#231;&#227;o suicida. Essa preval&#234;ncia &#233; quase cinco vezes superior &#224; encontrada na popula&#231;&#227;o geral brasileira,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> refor&#231;ando a vulnerabilidade psicossocial desses indiv&#237;duos. Curiosamente, o estudo n&#227;o demonstrou associa&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significativa entre a gravidade dos sintomas depressivos e a presen&#231;a de isquemia detectada pela cintilografia tradicional, sugerindo que o sofrimento ps&#237;quico pode ser independente da gravidade anat&#244;mica imediata.</p>
      <p>Essa aparente dissocia&#231;&#227;o torna o cen&#225;rio cl&#237;nico ainda mais complexo. Embora estudos anteriores, como o de Fotopoulos et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> tenham tentado correlacionar achados de perfus&#227;o com depress&#227;o e ansiedade, a realidade ambulatorial mostra que os fatores de risco tradicionais para a DAC tamb&#233;m predisp&#245;em a transtornos mentais em um ciclo bidirecional. Por exemplo, a obesidade e o tabagismo est&#227;o intimamente ligados a sintomas depressivos atrav&#233;s de mecanismos de recompensa e inflama&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica. O impacto na qualidade de vida &#233; dr&#225;stico, com 88,3% dos pacientes relatando baixa percep&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de f&#237;sica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Sintomas como frustra&#231;&#227;o, tristeza, ansiedade, dist&#250;rbios do sono e medo intenso da morte fazem parte da experi&#234;ncia p&#243;s-infarto; no entanto, sofrimento persistente ou incapacitante pode ser ind&#237;cio de doen&#231;a psiqui&#225;trica associada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Pesquisas como a de Barbirato et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> demonstraram que t&#233;cnicas de estresse mental podem induzir defeitos de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica em at&#233; 40% de pacientes assintom&#225;ticos, revelando a complexidade do sistema neuro-humoral que conecta a mente ao cora&#231;&#227;o. Diante da escassez de especialistas em sa&#250;de mental no Brasil &#8212; com apenas 6,69 psiquiatras por 100 mil habitantes e uma distribui&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica desigual<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> &#8212; torna-se imperativo que o diagn&#243;stico e o manejo inicial de transtornos mentais sejam integrados &#224; pr&#225;tica do cl&#237;nico geral e do cardiologista.</p>
      <p>Nesse cen&#225;rio, a forma&#231;&#227;o de uma equipe multiprofissional (ou equipe psico-cardio) &#233; fortemente recomendada, operando de forma an&#225;loga ao j&#225; estabelecido <italic>heart team</italic> para casos de elevada complexidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A sistematiza&#231;&#227;o em etapas de implementa&#231;&#227;o dessa equipe multiprofissional utilizando os princ&#237;pios ACTIVE &#233; uma sugest&#227;o de ferramenta para a estrutura&#231;&#227;o do time (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>). Essa sigla refere-se a <italic>Acknowledge, Check, (use validated) Tools, Implement, Venture, Evaluate</italic> &#8212; em portugu&#234;s, reconhecer, verificar, usar ferramentas validadas, implementar, aventurar-se (incluir outras especialidades no cuidado da sa&#250;de mental) e avaliar os resultados, permitindo assim melhor controle dos processos e adapta&#231;&#227;o &#224; realidade de cada servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>O ciclo multidirecional da doen&#231;a cardiovascular e da sa&#250;de mental, em que se sugerem os princ&#237;pios ACTIVE (<italic>Acknowledge, Check, [use validated] Tools, Implement, Venture, Evaluate</italic> &#8212; em portugu&#234;s, reconhecer, verificar, usar ferramentas validadas, implementar, aventurar-se e avaliar) na implementa&#231;&#227;o das equipes multiprofissionais. Figura adaptada de Bueno et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20260074-0074i-gf01-pt.tif"/></fig>
      <p>A implementa&#231;&#227;o de ferramentas de triagem breves e validadas, como o PHQ-2 ou PHQ-9, na rotina de avalia&#231;&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica, representa uma "oportunidade de ouro". Tais medidas permitem interven&#231;&#245;es precoces e uma abordagem verdadeiramente centrada no paciente. Em conclus&#227;o, a cardiologia moderna exige que olhemos al&#233;m. Ignorar a conex&#227;o cora&#231;&#227;o-mente &#233; oferecer um cuidado incompleto. &#201; imperativo que a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica evolua para incorporar o rastreamento estruturado da sa&#250;de mental, garantindo melhores desfechos cl&#237;nicos e qualidade de vida para os pacientes.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Transtorno Depressivo Maior e Qualidade de Vida em Pacientes Com Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana Avaliados por Cintilografia de Perfus&#227;o do Mioc&#225;rdio</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
