<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">zf49rxCs6hwxMxBXhbYD54n</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S2675-312X2026000201002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260073i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Myocardial Work During Isometric Exercise: From Physiology to Clinical Practice</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0890-5870</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barretto</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Bellio de Mattos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Eduardo Suaide</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Diagn&#243;sticos da Am&#233;rica AS</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Barueri</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Diagn&#243;sticos da Am&#233;rica AS, Barueri, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Rodrigo B. M. Barretto</bold> &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o. Av. Eneas Carneiro Aquiar, 44. Postal Code: <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>. S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>barretto.rodrigo@terra.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>39</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260073</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Global Longitudinal Strain</kwd>
        <kwd>Stress Echocardiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Assessment of left ventricular function by echocardiography has advanced remarkably in its ability to characterize aspects that extend beyond traditional measures of volume and ejection fraction (EF). Among these advances, the evaluation of contractility through two-dimensional strain analysis has gained particular prominence. Technological developments now allow this measure to be adjusted for afterload through myocardial work (MW), providing greater potential to identify subtle changes in ventricular function.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Isometric exercise represents a strategy to increase afterload through handgrip, proving particularly useful in echocardiography because it enables the identification of functional changes in different clinical settings, including coronary artery disease, assessment of diastolic function, hypertension, athletes, and even atrial functional mitral regurgitation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>The study presented adds important evidence by demonstrating how isometric handgrip stress can reveal subtle physiological adaptations in left ventricular mechanics among healthy adults. As reported by the authors, handgrip increased systolic blood pressure without changing left ventricular EF (64.8% vs. 64.4%), reinforcing the limitations of EF as an isolated marker of systolic performance, a finding that was expected.</p>
    <p>The integration of global longitudinal strain (GLS) with blood pressure measurements, translated into MW, provided a more comprehensive understanding of changes in ventricular function when comparing data obtained at rest with those recorded during isometric exercise. The slight reduction in GLS observed during exercise was compensated for by the increased MW load imposed on the left ventricle, as evidenced by the increase in total and constructive MW. These findings support the greater myocardial oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) required under these conditions, as reflected by the observed values. Conversely, an increase in wasted MW and a consequent reduction in cardiac efficiency were also identified, illustrating the complexity of mechanical efficiency under pressure overload.</p>
    <p>Another relevant aspect is that abnormalities in the basal segments of the left ventricle were primarily responsible for the reduction in GLS during exercise and also contributed to the greater increase in MW. These segments are known to be more susceptible to loading conditions and play a greater role in longitudinal deformation mechanics. In contrast, apical segments, despite containing a proportionally greater amount of longitudinal fibers, are less influenced by the load induced by handgrip because of their geometric arrangement. This type of regional characterization has important implications for populations with hypertension, early-stage cardiomyopathies, or exposure to cardiotoxic agents, scenarios in which the sensitivity of MW may provide a diagnostic advantage.</p>
    <p>This study reinforces the use of isometric exercise as a feasible maneuver capable of clearly demonstrating physiological changes and expanding the understanding of cardiovascular phenomena when analyzed through MW. At a time when echocardiography seeks accessible methods to assess contractile reserve and detect subclinical dysfunction, handgrip emerges as a practical and physiologically informative alternative.</p>
    <p>This opens a broad field of investigation regarding its application in different clinical settings aimed at the early recognition of abnormalities, a topic that has already been explored in prior research.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Nevertheless, this enthusiasm must still be supported by evidence demonstrating its clinical value, endorsed by guidelines, expert consensus documents, and, above all, its association with clinical outcomes.</p>
    <p>In summary, this study represents a robust, necessary contribution to contemporary echocardiography. By integrating myocardial deformation findings, loading conditions, and mechanical efficiency, it establishes MW as a central component of advanced functional assessment, not only by refining the interpretation of systolic performance beyond EF but also by measurably expanding our ability to recognize subclinical dysfunction and guide clinical decision-making with greater precision. It therefore represents an important step toward a more comprehensive and integrated echocardiographic approach, one that is increasingly necessary in contemporary clinical practice.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Impact of Isometric Exercise on Left Ventricular Mechanics Assessed by Global Longitudinal Strain and Myocardial Work in Healthy Adults</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Helfant</surname>
              <given-names>RH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>De Villa</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Meister</surname>
              <given-names>SG</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of Sustained Isometric Handgrip Exercise on Left Ventricular Performance</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>1971</year>
          <volume>44</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>982</fpage>
          <lpage>993</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/01.cir.44.6.982</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 Helfant RH, De Villa MA, Meister SG. Effect of Sustained Isometric Handgrip Exercise on Left Ventricular Performance. Circulation. 1971;44(6):982-93. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.44.6.982.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Afridi</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Main</surname>
              <given-names>ML</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Parrish</surname>
              <given-names>DL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kizilbash</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Levine</surname>
              <given-names>BD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Grayburn</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Usefulness of Isometric Hand Grip Exercise in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease during Dobutamine Atropine Stress Echocardiography in Patients with Either Stable Angina Pectoris or Another Type of Positive Stress Test</article-title>
          <source>Am J Cardiol</source>
          <year>1998</year>
          <volume>82</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>564</fpage>
          <lpage>568</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00398-1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Afridi I, Main ML, Parrish DL, Kizilbash A, Levine BD, Grayburn PA. Usefulness of Isometric Hand Grip Exercise in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease during Dobutamine Atropine Stress Echocardiography in Patients with Either Stable Angina Pectoris or Another Type of Positive Stress Test. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(5):564-8. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00398-1.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cauwenberghs</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cornelissen</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Christle</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hedman</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Myers</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Haddad</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Impact of Age, Sex and Heart Rate Variability on the Acute Cardiovascular Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise</article-title>
          <source>J Hum Hypertens</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>35</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>55</fpage>
          <lpage>64</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41371-020-0311-y</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 Cauwenberghs N, Cornelissen V, Christle JW, Hedman K, Myers J, Haddad F, et al. Impact of Age, Sex and Heart Rate Variability on the Acute Cardiovascular Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise. J Hum Hypertens. 2021;35(1):55-64. doi: 10.1038/s41371-020-0311-y.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Freitas</surname>
              <given-names>APTG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Massoni</surname>
              <given-names>NM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barretto</surname>
              <given-names>RBM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain Echocardiogram and Handgrip: A Useful Tool for Detecting Ischemia in the Emergency Room</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>34</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>eabc238</fpage>
          <lpage>eabc238</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20213404eabc238</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4 Freitas APTG, Massoni NM, Barretto RBM. Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain Echocardiogram and Handgrip: A Useful Tool for Detecting Ischemia in the Emergency Room. Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc. 2021;34(4):eabc238. doi: 10.47593/2675-312X/20213404eabc238.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Samuel</surname>
              <given-names>TJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Beaudry</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Haykowsky</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sarma</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Park</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dombrowsky</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Isometric Handgrip Echocardiography: A Noninvasive Stress Test to Assess Left Ventricular Diastolic Function</article-title>
          <source>Clin Cardiol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>40</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1247</fpage>
          <lpage>1255</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/clc.22818</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5 Samuel TJ, Beaudry R, Haykowsky MJ, Sarma S, Park S, Dombrowsky T, et al. Isometric Handgrip Echocardiography: A Noninvasive Stress Test to Assess Left Ventricular Diastolic Function. Clin Cardiol. 2017;40(12):1247-55. doi: 10.1002/clc.22818.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Spieker</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sidabras</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lagarden</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Christian</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Angendohr</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zweck</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Dynamic Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation Assessed by Isometric Handgrip Exercise</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging</source>
          <year>2024</year>
          <volume>25</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>589</fpage>
          <lpage>598</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ehjci/jead336</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6 Spieker M, Sidabras J, Lagarden H, Christian L, Angendohr S, Zweck E, et al. Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Dynamic Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation Assessed by Isometric Handgrip Exercise. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024;25(5):589-98. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jead336.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Caminiti</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Volterrani</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Iellamo</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Marazzi</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>D&#8217;Antoni</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Calandri</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Acute Changes in Myocardial Work during Isometric Exercise in Hypertensive Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study</article-title>
          <source>J Clin Med</source>
          <year>2024</year>
          <volume>13</volume>
          <issue>19</issue>
          <fpage>5955</fpage>
          <lpage>5955</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/jcm13195955</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7 Caminiti G, Volterrani M, Iellamo F, Marazzi G, D&#8217;Antoni V, Calandri C, et al. Acute Changes in Myocardial Work during Isometric Exercise in Hypertensive Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med. 2024;13(19):5955. doi: 10.3390/jcm13195955.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cebrowska</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mi&#324;czykowski</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Krauze</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guzik</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Szczepanik</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wykr&#281;towicz</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Pressure-Strain Work Indices in Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise</article-title>
          <source>Kardiol Pol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>79</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>455</fpage>
          <lpage>457</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33963/KP.15912</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Cebrowska K, Mi&#324;czykowski A, Krauze T, Guzik P, Szczepanik A, Wykr&#281;towicz A. The Pressure-Strain Work Indices in Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise. Kardiol Pol. 2021;79(4):455-7. doi: 10.33963/KP.15912.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260073</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Trabalho Mioc&#225;rdico Com Esfor&#231;o Isom&#233;trico: Da Fisiologia &#224; Pr&#225;tica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0890-5870</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barretto</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Bellio de Mattos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Eduardo Suaide</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Barueri</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Diagn&#243;sticos da Am&#233;rica AS, Barueri, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Rodrigo B. M. Barretto</bold> &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o. Av. Eneas Carneiro Aquiar, 44. CEP: <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>. S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>barretto.rodrigo@terra.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Deforma&#231;&#227;o Longitudinal Global</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia sob Estresse</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda por meio da ecocardiografia tem avan&#231;ado de forma not&#225;vel em sua capacidade de caracterizar aspectos que v&#227;o al&#233;m das medidas tradicionais de volume e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (FE). Entre esses avan&#231;os, destaca-se a avalia&#231;&#227;o da contratilidade por meio da an&#225;lise do <italic>strain</italic> bidimensional. A evolu&#231;&#227;o tecnol&#243;gica permite atualmente que essa medida seja ajustada &#224; p&#243;s-carga por meio do trabalho mioc&#225;rdico (TM), conferindo maior potencial para identificar altera&#231;&#245;es sutis da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O esfor&#231;o isom&#233;trico constitui uma estrat&#233;gia para aumentar a p&#243;s-carga por meio do <italic>handgrip</italic>, sendo particularmente favor&#225;vel na ecocardiografia por possibilitar a identifica&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;as funcionais em diferentes situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas, como doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica, hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS), atletas e at&#233; mesmo regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral funcional de origem atrial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O estudo apresentado acrescenta evid&#234;ncias importantes ao demonstrar como o estresse isom&#233;trico de <italic>handgrip</italic> pode revelar adapta&#231;&#245;es fisiol&#243;gicas sutis da mec&#226;nica ventricular esquerda em adultos saud&#225;veis. Como relatado pelos autores, o <italic>handgrip</italic> elevou a press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica, sem altera&#231;&#227;o da FE do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (64,8% vs. 64,4%), refor&#231;ando a limita&#231;&#227;o da FE como marcador isolado do desempenho sist&#243;lico, resultado j&#225; esperado.</p>
      <p>A integra&#231;&#227;o entre o <italic>strain</italic> longitudinal global (SLG) e as medidas de press&#227;o arterial, traduzida pelo TM, proporcionou uma compreens&#227;o mais abrangente das mudan&#231;as na fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular ao comparar os dados obtidos em repouso com aqueles registrados durante o esfor&#231;o isom&#233;trico. A discreta redu&#231;&#227;o do SLG observada durante o esfor&#231;o foi compensada pelo aumento da carga de TM imposta ao ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, evidenciado pela eleva&#231;&#227;o do TM total e construtivo. Esses achados corroboram a necessidade de maior consumo de oxig&#234;nio pelo mioc&#225;rdio (VO<sub>2</sub>), refletida pelos valores observados. Por outro lado, tamb&#233;m foi identificado aumento do TM desperdi&#231;ado e, consequentemente, redu&#231;&#227;o da efici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, ilustrando a complexidade da efici&#234;ncia mec&#226;nica sob estresse press&#243;rico.</p>
      <p>Outro aspecto relevante &#233; o fato de as anormalidades nos segmentos basais do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo serem as principais respons&#225;veis pela redu&#231;&#227;o do SLG durante o esfor&#231;o, contribuindo tamb&#233;m para a maior eleva&#231;&#227;o do TM. Esses segmentos s&#227;o reconhecidamente mais suscet&#237;veis &#224;s condi&#231;&#245;es de carga e apresentam maior contribui&#231;&#227;o para a mec&#226;nica da deforma&#231;&#227;o longitudinal. Em contraste, os segmentos apicais, apesar de apresentarem proporcionalmente maior quantidade de fibras longitudinais, sofrem menor influ&#234;ncia da carga induzida pelo <italic>handgrip</italic> em raz&#227;o de sua disposi&#231;&#227;o geom&#233;trica. Esse tipo de caracteriza&#231;&#227;o regional possui implica&#231;&#245;es importantes para popula&#231;&#245;es com HAS, cardiomiopatias em est&#225;gios iniciais ou exposi&#231;&#227;o a agentes cardiot&#243;xicos, cen&#225;rios nos quais a sensibilidade do TM pode oferecer vantagem diagn&#243;stica.</p>
      <p>O estudo refor&#231;a o uso do esfor&#231;o isom&#233;trico como uma manobra exequ&#237;vel, capaz de evidenciar com clareza altera&#231;&#245;es fisiol&#243;gicas e ampliar a compreens&#227;o dos fen&#244;menos cardiovasculares quando analisados por meio do TM. Em um momento em que a ecocardiografia busca m&#233;todos acess&#237;veis para avaliar reserva contr&#225;til e detectar disfun&#231;&#227;o subcl&#237;nica, o <italic>handgrip</italic> surge como uma alternativa pr&#225;tica e fisiologicamente informativa.</p>
      <p>Abre-se, assim, um amplo campo de investiga&#231;&#227;o para sua aplica&#231;&#227;o em diferentes cen&#225;rios cl&#237;nicos voltados ao reconhecimento precoce de anormalidades, tem&#225;tica que j&#225; vem sendo explorada na literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Entretanto, esse entusiasmo ainda deve ser confirmado por evid&#234;ncias que demonstrem seu valor cl&#237;nico, respaldadas por diretrizes, posicionamentos especializados e, sobretudo, por sua associa&#231;&#227;o com desfechos cl&#237;nicos.</p>
      <p>Em s&#237;ntese, este estudo representa uma contribui&#231;&#227;o robusta e necess&#225;ria para a ecocardiografia contempor&#226;nea. Ao integrar resultados da deforma&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, condi&#231;&#245;es de carga e efici&#234;ncia mec&#226;nica, consolida o TM como um eixo central da avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional avan&#231;ada, n&#227;o apenas por refinar a interpreta&#231;&#227;o do desempenho sist&#243;lico al&#233;m da FE, mas tamb&#233;m por ampliar, de forma mensur&#225;vel, nossa capacidade de reconhecer disfun&#231;&#227;o subcl&#237;nica e orientar decis&#245;es com maior precis&#227;o. Trata-se, portanto, de um passo relevante em dire&#231;&#227;o a uma abordagem ecocardiogr&#225;fica mais completa e abrangente, cada vez mais necess&#225;ria na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Impacto do Exerc&#237;cio Isom&#233;trico na Mec&#226;nica do Ventr&#237;culo Esquerdo Avaliada pelo Strain Longitudinal Global e pelo Trabalho Mioc&#225;rdico em Adultos Saud&#225;veis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
