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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">g3pDkn5MXZ6GVmJyxkFj7Gb</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S2675-312X2026000202204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">02204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260010i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Giant Atrial Myxoma in a Pregnant Patient: A Case Report</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6359-2678</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Ramos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
          <role>Research conception and design</role>
          <role>Data analysis and interpretation</role>
          <role>Manuscript writing</role>
          <role>Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7154-7826</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Prando</surname>
            <given-names>Caio Badiani</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Research conception and design</role>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>Manuscript writing</role>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4776-0811</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bianchini</surname>
            <given-names>Victor Macedo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>Manuscript writing</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0978-3377</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barros</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas Crespo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Research conception and design</role>
          <role>Data analysis and interpretation</role>
          <role>Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0490-3456</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Paganini</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa Novaes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>Data analysis and interpretation</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-8927-2298</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barros</surname>
            <given-names>Gracielly</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>Data analysis and interpretation</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-2607-4836</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Dadalt</surname>
            <given-names>Darlan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>Data analysis and interpretation</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-3923-8856</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Guedes</surname>
            <given-names>Sergio Luis Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-8097-4368</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Vinicius Eduardo Ara&#250;jo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-6393-6206</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tito</surname>
            <given-names>Marcus Gustavo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3228-1989</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nery</surname>
            <given-names>Tiago Bernardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5093-8329</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Angeli</surname>
            <given-names>Marcio Vinicius de Nardi de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-7168-823X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Viana</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Eduarda Vichi Gomes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-2936-047X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Roncato</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-0084-0380</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Auad</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Paulo Moulin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data acquisition</role>
          <role>Data analysis and interpretation</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-7465-9413</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Freitas Fernandes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7219-405X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Serpa</surname>
            <given-names>Renato Giestas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0795-7740</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Calil</surname>
            <given-names>Osmar Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1092-8190</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Fernando Machado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Data analysis and interpretation</role>
          <role>Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Vit&#243;ria</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Vit&#243;ria</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">ES</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Vit&#243;ria, Vit&#243;ria, ES &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Roberto Ramos Barbosa</bold> &#8226; Hospital da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Vit&#243;ria. Rua Dr. Jo&#227;o dos Santos Neves, 143. Postal code <postal-code>29010-430</postal-code>. Vila Rubim, Vit&#243;ria, ES &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>roberto.cardio@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Maria Otto</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>39</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260010</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myxoma</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Thoracic Surgery</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Atrial myxoma is the most prevalent primary heart tumor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Clinical manifestations of myxomas are usually nonspecific, and they may present with dyspnea, fatigue, reduced functional capacity, edema, and, eventually, cerebral embolic events with focal neurological deficits.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Although they are classified as benign neoplasms, most commonly located in the left atrium, they can cause obstruction of intracardiac blood flow and, when friable, systemic embolism with consequent tissue ischemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In spite of higher prevalence in women (65%), diagnosis during pregnancy is considered uncommon, with greater challenges in treatment and an increased risk of fetal death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> We report the case of a pregnant patient with a complication of atrial myxoma that manifested during labor.</p>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case report</title>
        <p>A 28-year-old primigravida female patient, who was previously healthy, received low-risk prenatal care in the obstetrics department of a tertiary hospital. Her blood pressure was normal at all appointments, and she used multivitamins and calcium supplements. At the end of the third trimester of pregnancy, she began to report a progressive increase in dyspnea and orthopnea, associated with lower limb edema, without relieving factors.</p>
        <p>At gestational age consistent with 37 weeks and 2 days, she was admitted to a routine-risk maternity ward linked to a tertiary hospital, reporting worsening of the symptoms mentioned during prenatal care. Fetal vitality assessment was performed using cardiotocography, which showed signs indicative of fetal compromise, mainly due to fetal bradycardia. The patient was referred to the surgical center for a cesarean section, which proceeded without complications, except for a persistent cough throughout the surgery and bleeding in multiple tissue planes, requiring intraoperative administration of tranexamic acid.</p>
        <p>Five hours after the procedure, she developed a seizure of unclear etiology, associated with oliguria and progressive dyspnea, requiring orotracheal intubation due to decreased level of consciousness. She also presented significant periorbital and lower limb edema. On the same day, she was referred to a secondary care hospital due to the unavailability of resources for adequate diagnosis and management at the maternity ward. The electrocardiograms performed did not show any noteworthy alterations. Transthoracic echocardiography identified the presence of a large mass in the left atrium, associated with right heart chamber overload, diffuse right ventricular hypokinesia, and pulmonary hypertension, with estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) of 91 mmHg. The patient was subsequently referred to a tertiary cardiology referral center and cardiac surgery due to suspected mechanical obstruction of blood flow through the mitral valve.</p>
        <p>Following successful extubation, she underwent a new transthoracic echocardiogram, which revealed significant left atrial dilation (linear measurement of 47 mm, indexed volume of 62.2 mL/m<sup>2</sup>), with the presence of a large mobile mass in the left atrium, which projected into the mitral valve opening during diastole (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>), associated with increased right ventricular dimensions (diastolic diameter of 45 mm), moderate systolic dysfunction, estimated PASP of 100 mmHg and borderline left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction of 57%, using Simpson's method).</p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Transthoracic echocardiography in apical 4-chamber view. (A) Image suggestive of a mass in the left atrium (white arrow); (B) Image of the same mass projecting into the mitral valve orifice during diastole and occupying the left ventricle (blue arrow). LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20260010-0010i-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        <p>During hospitalization, the patient underwent surgical resection of the mobile mass identified on echocardiography. Through sternotomy and using cardiopulmonary bypass, a left atriotomy was performed with resection of the interatrial septum and identification of a 10-centimeter atrial myxoma (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>) firmly adherent to the ostia of the right pulmonary veins, with a friable texture, which was resected with the right pulmonary vein and part of the left atrial wall. For complete resection, a right atriotomy with atrial septotomy was also necessary due to the extensive adherence of the myxoma. It was necessary to perform reconstruction of the interatrial septum, the left atrial wall, and the pulmonary veins, using a bovine pericardial patch. The procedure was completed without complications, and the surgical specimen was sent for histopathological analysis, which identified a myxoma measuring 10.0 &#215; 8.6 &#215; 3.3 cm and weighing 54 g, without associated malignant processes.</p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Surgical specimen of the atrial myxoma (yellow arrow).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20260010-0010i-gf02.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Before hospital discharge, a postoperative follow-up transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, showing a significant reduction in PASP to 46 mmHg and preserved systolic and diastolic function in both ventricles. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the fourth postoperative day and remained asymptomatic during routine follow-up at the unit's outpatient clinic.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>Although the clinical picture is considered nonspecific, the symptoms of left atrial myxoma vary according to location, size, and mobility.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> In the reported case, the prolapse of the mass through the mitral valve orifice obstructed the left ventricular inflow tract and pulmonary venous return, raising filling pressures and triggering symptoms of cough and dyspnea, followed by acute pulmonary edema. An oligosymptomatic clinical course was likely misinterpreted as normal progression of pregnancy, with symptom exacerbation at the end of gestation and further worsening during and immediately after surgery.</p>
      <p>The most commonly indicated treatment for clinically significant atrial myxomas is complete surgical resection, which presents excellent clinical outcomes and a low incidence of tumor recurrence, especially when accompanied by periodic echocardiographic monitoring.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Various surgical techniques for left atrial myxoma resection, in addition to median sternotomy, have been described and are considered in different services, such as minimally invasive video-assisted surgery via minithoracotomy and right anterolateral minithoracotomy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> However, in addition to being indicated in individualized situations, they require a higher level of specialization and availability of specific resources.</p>
      <p>In order to ensure a complete surgical approach and better results, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography is recommended, given that the main goals of surgery also include prevention of tumor recurrence. Risk factors associated with recurrence include incomplete resection, intracardiac implantation, embolization, and intraoperative displacement of tumor material. For this reason, a clear and comprehensive operative field should be considered, in addition to intraoperative echocardiography to confirm the absence of tumor residues.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Pregnancy is a condition in which several modifications occur in the maternal organism in order to ensure optimal fetal development, such as increased cardiac output, increased blood volume, and reduced peripheral vascular resistance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Therefore, it is reasonable to consider whether the adaptations mentioned, especially maternal hypervolemia, may have contributed to our patient's clinical presentation. The hemodynamic changes at the end of pregnancy were added to those of the surgical trauma, culminating in a severe case of acute pulmonary edema, which required orotracheal intubation and initiated the urgent investigation of the cardiovascular abnormality.</p>
      <p>We report a rare case of giant atrial myxoma in a pregnant patient, which manifested with typical symptoms of cardiac congestion and acute worsening after cesarean delivery, with a high risk of mortality. This highlights the importance of clinical reasoning and suspicion of possible differential diagnoses, especially given that, from an epidemiological perspective, atrial myxoma is rare during pregnancy, which can hinder diagnosis and delay appropriate treatment.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Sources of Funding</label>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Study Association</label>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
        <p>This study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Escola Superior de Ci&#234;ncias da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Vit&#243;ria (EMESCAM), under protocol number CAAE 93811125.0.0000.5065, opinion number 8.000.875. All procedures involved in this study were conducted in accordance with the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki, updated in 2013.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
        <label>Use of artificial intelligence</label>
        <p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
      <title>Availability of Research Data</title>
      <p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
    </sec>
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            <given-names>Sergio Luis Santos</given-names>
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            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Vinicius Eduardo Ara&#250;jo</given-names>
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          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-6393-6206</contrib-id>
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            <given-names>Marcus Gustavo</given-names>
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            <given-names>Tiago Bernardo</given-names>
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          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-7168-823X</contrib-id>
          <name>
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            <given-names>Maria Eduarda Vichi Gomes</given-names>
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            <given-names>Mariana Oliveira</given-names>
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          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-0084-0380</contrib-id>
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            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Paulo Moulin</given-names>
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            <sup>1</sup>
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          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0795-7740</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Calil</surname>
            <given-names>Osmar Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1092-8190</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Fernando Machado</given-names>
          </name>
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            <sup>1</sup>
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        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
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            <named-content content-type="city">Vit&#243;ria</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">ES</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Vit&#243;ria, Vit&#243;ria, ES &#8211; Brasil</institution>
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      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Roberto Ramos Barbosa</bold> &#8226; Hospital da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Vit&#243;ria. Rua Dr. Jo&#227;o dos Santos Neves, 143. CEP: <postal-code>29010-430</postal-code>. Vila Rubim, Vit&#243;ria, ES &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>roberto.cardio@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Maria Otto</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
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        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Mixoma</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Cirurgia Tor&#225;cica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold> O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Entre os tumores prim&#225;rios do cora&#231;&#227;o, o mixoma atrial &#233; o mais prevalente na popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A manifesta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica dos mixomas costuma ser inespec&#237;fica, podendo apresentar dispneia, fadiga, redu&#231;&#227;o da capacidade funcional, edema e, eventualmente, emboliza&#231;&#245;es cerebrais com d&#233;ficits neurol&#243;gicos focais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Embora sejam neoplasias benignas, tendo como localiza&#231;&#227;o mais comum o &#225;trio esquerdo, podem causar obstru&#231;&#227;o ao fluxo sangu&#237;neo intracard&#237;aco e, quando fri&#225;veis, emboliza&#231;&#245;es sist&#234;micas com consequente isquemia tecidual.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Apesar da maior preval&#234;ncia em mulheres (65%), seu diagn&#243;stico durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o &#233; considerado incomum, com maiores desafios no tratamento e risco aumentado de &#243;bito fetal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Relatamos a seguir uma complica&#231;&#227;o referente a um mixoma atrial em uma gestante, que se manifestou durante o trabalho de parto.</p>
        <sec sec-type="cases">
          <title>Relato de caso</title>
          <p>Paciente de 28 anos, do sexo feminino, primigesta, previamente h&#237;gida, fazia acompanhamento em pr&#233;-natal de baixo risco no setor de obstetr&#237;cia de um hospital terci&#225;rio, normotensa em todas as consultas, em uso de polivitam&#237;nicos e suplemento de c&#225;lcio. Ao final do terceiro trimestre da gesta&#231;&#227;o, passou a relatar aumento progressivo de dispneia e ortopneia, associadas a edema de membros inferiores, sem fatores de melhora.</p>
          <p>Com idade gestacional compat&#237;vel com 37 semanas e 2 dias, deu entrada em maternidade de risco habitual vinculada a hospital terci&#225;rio alegando piora dos sintomas citados durante o pr&#233;-natal. Realizou-se uma avalia&#231;&#227;o da vitalidade fetal por meio da cardiotocografia que apresentou sinais indicativos de interrup&#231;&#227;o da gesta&#231;&#227;o, principalmente por bradicardia fetal. A paciente foi encaminhada ao centro cir&#250;rgico para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de cesariana que transcorreu sem intercorr&#234;ncias, exceto por uma tosse persistente durante toda a cirurgia e sangramento aumentado em todos os planos, com necessidade de administra&#231;&#227;o de &#225;cido tranex&#226;mico intraoperat&#243;rio.</p>
          <p>Cinco horas ap&#243;s o procedimento, evoluiu com quadro convulsivo sem etiologia esclarecida, associado a olig&#250;ria e dispneia progressiva, necessitando de intuba&#231;&#227;o orotraqueal por rebaixamento do n&#237;vel de consci&#234;ncia. Apresentou tamb&#233;m importante edema periorbit&#225;rio e em membros inferiores. No mesmo dia, foi encaminhada a hospital de aten&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria por indisponibilidade de recursos para diagn&#243;stico e manejo adequados na maternidade. Os eletrocardiogramas realizados n&#227;o mostraram altera&#231;&#245;es dignas de nota. Ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico identificou a presen&#231;a de uma grande massa em &#225;trio esquerdo, associada a sobrecarga de cavidades direitas, hipocinesia difusa de ventr&#237;culo direito e hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, com press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar (PSAP) estimada de 91 mmHg. Em seguida, a paciente foi encaminhada a hospital terci&#225;rio de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia e cirurgia card&#237;aca pela suspeita de obstru&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica ao fluxo sangu&#237;neo pela valva mitral.</p>
          <p>Ap&#243;s extuba&#231;&#227;o bem-sucedida, foi submetida a novo ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico, o qual revelou uma dilata&#231;&#227;o importante do &#225;trio esquerdo (medida linear de 47 mm, volume indexado de 62,2 mL/m<sup>2</sup>) com a presen&#231;a de volumosa massa m&#243;vel em seu interior, que se projetava na abertura da valva mitral durante a di&#225;stole (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>), associada a aumento de dimens&#245;es do ventr&#237;culo direito (di&#226;metro diast&#243;lico de 45 mm) e disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica moderada, PSAP estimada em 100 mmHg e fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo lim&#237;trofe (fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o pelo m&#233;todo de Simpson de 57%).</p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica em janela apical de 4 c&#226;maras. A) Imagem sugestiva de massa no &#225;trio esquerdo (seta branca); B) Imagem da mesma massa se projetando no orif&#237;cio da valva mitral durante a di&#225;stole e ocupando o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (seta azul). AD: &#225;trio direito; AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20260010-0010i-gf01-pt.tif"/></fig>
          <p>Durante a interna&#231;&#227;o, foi submetida a ressec&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica da massa m&#243;vel identificada na ecocardiografia. Atrav&#233;s de esternotomia e utiliza&#231;&#227;o de circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea, realizou-se uma atriotomia esquerda com ressec&#231;&#227;o do septo interatrial e identifica&#231;&#227;o de um mixoma atrial de 10 cent&#237;metros (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>) fortemente aderido aos &#243;stios das veias pulmonares direitas, de textura fri&#225;vel, que foi ressecado junto &#224; veia pulmonar direita e parte da parede atrial esquerda. Para ressec&#231;&#227;o completa, foi necess&#225;ria tamb&#233;m atriotomia direita com atriosseptotomia, devido &#224; ampla ader&#234;ncia do mixoma. Foi necess&#225;ria reconstru&#231;&#227;o do septo interatrial e da parede atrial esquerda junto com as veias pulmonares, utilizando <italic>patch</italic> de peric&#225;rdio bovino. O procedimento foi finalizado sem intercorr&#234;ncias e a pe&#231;a cir&#250;rgica enviada para estudo histopatol&#243;gico, que ap&#243;s an&#225;lise identificou um mixoma de 10,0 &#215; 8,6 &#215; 3,3 cm e 54 g, sem processos malignos associados.</p>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Pe&#231;a cir&#250;rgica do mixoma atrial (seta amarela).</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20260010-0010i-gf02-pt.tif"/></fig>
          <p>Ap&#243;s a cirurgia, foi realizado novo ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico de controle antes da alta hospitalar, que evidenciou redu&#231;&#227;o significativa da PSAP para 46 mmHg e preserva&#231;&#227;o das fun&#231;&#245;es sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica de ambos os ventr&#237;culos. A paciente recebeu alta da interna&#231;&#227;o no quarto dia de p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio e persistiu assintom&#225;tica em acompanhamento de rotina no ambulat&#243;rio da unidade.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Apesar de apresentarem um quadro cl&#237;nico considerado inespec&#237;fico, as manifesta&#231;&#245;es sintom&#225;ticas dos mixomas atriais esquerdos variam de acordo com sua localiza&#231;&#227;o, tamanho e mobilidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> No caso da paciente relatada, o prolapso da massa pelo orif&#237;cio da valva mitral obstru&#237;a a via de entrada do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e o retorno venoso pulmonar, elevando as press&#245;es de enchimento e desencadeando sintomas de tosse e dispneia, seguidos de edema pulmonar agudo. Provavelmente, um quadro oligossintom&#225;tico foi confundido com a pr&#243;pria evolu&#231;&#227;o da gesta&#231;&#227;o, com exacerba&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas no final da gesta&#231;&#227;o e a agudiza&#231;&#227;o mais severa que se manifestou no intraoperat&#243;rio e p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato.</p>
        <p>O tratamento majoritariamente considerado para os mixomas atriais com repercuss&#227;o cl&#237;nica &#233; a ressec&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica completa, que apresenta excelente desfecho cl&#237;nico e baixa incid&#234;ncia de recorr&#234;ncia do tumor, especialmente quando acompanhada de monitoramento ecocardiogr&#225;fico peri&#243;dico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> T&#233;cnicas operat&#243;rias diversas para a ressec&#231;&#227;o do mixoma atrial esquerdo, al&#233;m da esternotomia mediana, j&#225; foram descritas e s&#227;o consideradas em diferentes servi&#231;os, como a cirurgia videoassistida minimamente invasiva via minitoracotomia e a minitoracotomia anterolateral direita.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Por&#233;m, al&#233;m de serem indicadas em situa&#231;&#245;es individualizadas, requerem maior n&#237;vel de especializa&#231;&#227;o e disponibilidade de recursos espec&#237;ficos.</p>
        <p>A fim de garantir uma abordagem cir&#250;rgica completa e melhores resultados, recomenda-se a realiza&#231;&#227;o intraoperat&#243;ria de ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico, visto que os principais objetivos da cirurgia tamb&#233;m incluem a preven&#231;&#227;o da recorr&#234;ncia do tumor. S&#227;o fatores de risco associados &#224; recorr&#234;ncia: ressec&#231;&#227;o incompleta, implanta&#231;&#227;o intracard&#237;aca, emboliza&#231;&#227;o e o deslocamento intraoperat&#243;rio do material tumoral. Por este motivo, uma vis&#227;o clara e enriquecida do campo deve ser considerada, al&#233;m de ecocardiografia intraoperat&#243;ria para confirmar a inexist&#234;ncia de res&#237;duos tumorais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Cabe ressaltar que a gesta&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o em que ocorrem diversas modifica&#231;&#245;es no organismo materno a fim de suprir o feto e providenciar seu melhor desenvolvimento, como aumento do d&#233;bito card&#237;aco, aumento da volemia e redu&#231;&#227;o da resist&#234;ncia vascular perif&#233;rica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Logo, vale questionar se as adapta&#231;&#245;es citadas, em especial a hipervolemia materna, podem ter contribu&#237;do para a express&#227;o sintomatol&#243;gica da nossa paciente. As altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas do final da gravidez se somaram &#224;s do trauma cir&#250;rgico, culminando no quadro grave de edema agudo de pulm&#227;o, que exigiu intuba&#231;&#227;o orotraqueal e iniciou a investiga&#231;&#227;o urgente da altera&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular.</p>
        <p>Relatamos um caso raro de mixoma atrial gigante em gestante, que se manifestou com sintomas t&#237;picos de congest&#227;o card&#237;aca e agravamento agudo ap&#243;s parto ces&#225;reo, com elevado risco de &#243;bito. Destaca-se a import&#226;ncia do racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico e da suspei&#231;&#227;o de poss&#237;veis diagn&#243;sticos diferenciais, especialmente pelo fato de que, epidemiologicamente, a presen&#231;a de mixoma &#233; rara em gestantes, o que pode dificultar o diagn&#243;stico e atrasar o tratamento adequado.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
          <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
          <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Escola Superior de Ci&#234;ncias da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Vit&#243;ria &#8211; EMESCAM, sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CAAE 93811125.0.0000.5065, parecer 8.000.875. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
          <label>Uso de intelig&#234;ncia artificial</label>
          <p>Os autores n&#227;o utilizaram ferramentas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
        <title>Disponibilidade de dados</title>
        <p>Os conte&#250;dos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa est&#227;o contidos no manuscrito.</p>
      </sec>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
