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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">R7tmhwWm6bZbhzqHSJKLmRz</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S2675-312X2026000202202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">02202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250111i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>TAV-in-TAV for Acute Failure of a Transcatheter Aortic Valve in a High Surgical Risk Octogenarian Patient</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7839-3965</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research:</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>obtaining financing</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <role>angiography images</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-0807-4107</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Fernanda Miranda</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>obtaining financing</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2434-2561</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gu&#233;rios</surname>
            <given-names>Enio Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-8491-3841</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Calegari</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research:</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>reference review</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0415-6008</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zanlorensi</surname>
            <given-names>Cl&#225;udia Biondo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>echocardiogram images</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-4347-0200</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Botelho</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>echocardiogram images</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9909-6756</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Erbano</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>reference review</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0539-729X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vaz</surname>
            <given-names>Vin&#237;cius D.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>reference review</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">CHC UFPR</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">CHC UFPR, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Positivo Curso de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Positivo Curso de Medicina, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Anis Rassi Heart Hospital</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Anis Rassi Heart Hospital, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Gustavo Carvalho</bold> &#8226; CHC UFPR. Dionira M Klemtz, 201, casa 107. Postal code: <postal-code>81320-390</postal-code>. Bairro Fazendinha, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>gustavocarvalho1975@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Maria Otto</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>39</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250111</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <p>An 82-year-old patient with severe aortic valve stenosis and high risk for conventional surgery due to chronic renal dysfunction and restrictive lung disease underwent transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using a self-expanding Navitor<sup>&#174;</sup> prosthesis (Abbott). Immediately after implantation, valve dysfunction was observed, characterized by inversion of the right coronary leaflet, resulting in severe acute prosthetic regurgitation and hemodynamic instability. Therefore, a 21.5 mm balloon-expandable Myval<sup>&#174;</sup> prosthesis was also implanted (TAV-in-TAV). The critical condition was resolved with immediate hemodynamic recovery. This case demonstrates the efficacy and safety of TAV-in-TAV as a bailout intervention in acute prosthetic failure.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Prostheses and Implants</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Insufficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Valve Prosthesis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="16"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Degenerative aortic stenosis is the most prevalent valvular heart disease in older patients and is often associated with high mortality when untreated. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The standard treatment is valve replacement; however, the surgical risk is elevated in older patients and in those with significant comorbidities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a safe and effective alternative in these cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Although immediate mechanical complications (e.g., acute prosthetic dysfunction) are rare, they may be potentially fatal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Immediate malfunction of Navitor<sup>&#174;</sup> prostheses has recently been reported, possibly related to manufacturing defects or adverse anatomical interactions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This report describes a case of immediate dysfunction of a self-expanding prosthesis (Navitor<sup>&#174;</sup>), successfully corrected using an emergent transcatheter aortic valve&#8211;in&#8211;transcatheter aortic valve (TAV-in-TAV) along with a balloon-expandable prosthesis (Myval<sup>&#174;</sup>).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Case Report</title>
      <p>An 82-year-old female patient presented severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class III), chronic renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate of 28 mL/min/1.73 m&#178;), and chronic restrictive lung disease. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons score indicated a high risk for open valve replacement surgery. After discussion, the team chose to treat using TAVI.</p>
      <p>The valve annulus area and perimeter were 325 mm&#178; and 64 mm, respectively (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). Considering the symmetrical structural pattern and the degree and distribution of calcifications, a self-expanding prosthesis (Navitor<sup>&#174;</sup>) was chosen.</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Structural characteristics of the aortic valve to be addressed. A &#8211; The valve annulus has few irregularities, with symmetrical calcifications of the cusps without extension to the left ventricular outflow tract (area 325 mm<sup>2</sup> and perimeter 64 mm). B &#8211; Wide sinuses of Valsalva with symmetrical points of calcification. C and D &#8211; Adequate heights of the left and right coronary arteries, respectively. E &#8211; Significant coronary artery calcifications, moderate to significant in the aortic valve, and discrete calcifications in the ascending and descending thoracic aorta.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20250111-0111i-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <p>The procedure was performed under sedation and local anesthesia, with access through the right femoral artery. After valvuloplasty with an 18x40 mm balloon, a 25 mm Navitor<sup>&#174;</sup> self-expanding prosthesis (Abbott) was implanted. Delivery was uneventful. However, immediately after, angiography showed severe aortic insufficiency. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed severe prosthetic insufficiency resulting from the inversion of the right coronary leaflet of the prosthesis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). The patient developed significant hemodynamic instability, requiring inotropic support and advanced airway management.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Echocardiogram and fluoroscopy images. A and B &#8211; Echocardiogram showing the damaged NAVITOR prosthesis leaflet (arrow), with significant regurgitation (arrow). C and D &#8211; Myval prosthesis implanted inside the NAVITOR prosthesis, functioning normally on echocardiogram. E &#8211; Angiography of the native aortic valve with significant stenosis and slight regurgitation. F &#8211; NAVITOR prosthesis implanted with significant regurgitation. G &#8211; (*) Stent positioned in the left main coronary artery. G and H - Positioning of the Myval prosthesis (arrow) and after its implantation inside the NAVITOR prosthesis (arrow), functioning normally.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20250111-0111i-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>The team attempted to correct the complication using Pigtail and Simon catheters to adjust the inverted leaflet, as well as a post-dilation with a 20 x 40 mm balloon; both attempts were ineffective. Therefore, an emergency TAV-in-TAV implantation was performed. Since the origin of the left coronary artery was relatively low (11 mm) and the sinotubular junction was narrow (24 x 25 mm), the implantation of a new self-expanding prosthesis could potentially cause coronary occlusion or sequestration of the coronary sinus. Therefore, a balloon-expandable prosthesis (Myval<sup>&#174;</sup> 21.5 mm; Meril) was implanted, along with a drug-eluting stent in the left main coronary artery for protection. The procedure was guided simultaneously by fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography and achieved technical success, with immediate correction of valvular insufficiency, restoration of hemodynamic stability, and absence of limited coronary perfusion (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). The mean trans prosthetic gradient after the procedure was 6 mmHg, without evidence of paravalvular leak.</p>
      <p>The patient remained hemodynamically stable and was discharged after four days. At the 30-, 60-, and 90-day follow-up appointments, she remained in functional class I (NYHA), without additional complaints.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>Acute malfunction of a percutaneous aortic prosthesis is a rare complication, usually associated with freezing of one of the prosthesis leaflets, which may be corrected with catheters.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> In contrast, the prosthetic dysfunction in this case was due to the inversion of one of the leaflets of the newly implanted prosthesis, which did not respond to manipulation. In the literature, only one similar case was found, in which the authors attributed the complication to unfavorable anatomy leading to asymmetrical under-expansion of the prosthesis and leaflet failure, which was also successfully treated by implanting a second balloon-expandable prosthesis within the initial prosthesis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Acute malfunction of transcatheter prostheses should not be attributed only to device defects or failures in the preparation and handling of the delivery system.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Anatomy plays a determining role in the immediate performance and adequate expansion and coaptation of the leaflets, especially in self-expanding valves. Elliptical or markedly asymmetrical annuli, intense and heterogeneous calcification, calcium protrusion into the left ventricular outflow tract or into the sinuses of Valsalva, and irregular distribution of radial forces along the annulus may hinder proper prosthesis positioning, potentially causing underexpansion, malposition, structural stent distortion, and immediate valve dysfunction; these features did not occur in this case. These aspects reinforce the importance of a tomographic preprocedural evaluation, with detailed three-dimensional analysis of the ring geometry and calcification pattern, and the need for an individualized implant strategy and selection of the prosthesis type, particularly in challenging anatomies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> On the other hand, the present case raises discussion about the quality control and traceability of transcatheter prostheses, as subtle manufacturing defects may only be identified at implantation, as also reported in recent studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The literature supports that transcatheter reintervention in previously implanted valves is a safe and effective alternative to reoperation, especially in high-risk patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> However, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of the TAV-in-TAV in acute cases and reinforces the importance of complete preprocedural planning to guide the emergency selection of a second prosthesis and to determine techniques to avoid additional complications, such as acute coronary occlusion secondary to the second implant.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Coronary occlusion, particularly of the left main coronary artery, is one of the most feared complications during valve-in-valve (ViV) and TAV-in-TAV procedures, especially in anatomies with small sinuses of Valsalva, low coronary ostia height, and prosthetic leaflets at risk of displacement towards the coronary arteries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> In this study, a prophylactic strategy was chosen, with a stent prepositioned in the left main coronary artery, ready for immediate release in case of limited coronary flow after ViV prosthesis implantation. Given adequate flow preservation and the absence of angiographic or hemodynamic evidence of coronary obstruction, a "chimney" technique was not required, and the stent was safely removed. This approach illustrates a staged, individualized strategy that mitigates risk in potentially unfavorable anatomies, avoiding unnecessary additional interventions in the absence of actual coronary compromise.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Although conventional surgery is viable for treating transcatheter prosthesis failures, this procedure is associated with high perioperative morbidity and mortality, especially in older and high-risk patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> In this study, due to the age of the patient and comorbidities, the team chose an emergency transcatheter approach, resulting in an immediate hemodynamic recovery and avoiding a high-risk reoperation.</p>
      <p>The literature on transcatheter ViV implantation in dysfunctional bioprostheses mainly describes the use of balloon-expandable prostheses from the Edwards SAPIEN family, particularly in the initial series and multicenter registries that established the feasibility and safety of the technique. However, growing evidence suggests that the TAV-in-TAV may be successfully applied using different transcatheter platforms, provided that anatomical and technical criteria are met.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> In this study, the immediate availability of a Myval<sup>&#174;</sup> balloon-expandable prosthesis (Meril) enabled a rescue TAV-in-TAV, with rapid restoration of valve competence and clinical stabilization. This outcome reinforces that, in critical scenarios, prompt therapeutic decision-making and versatility in the use of different transcatheter devices may determine the success of the procedure, increasing the applicability of the ViV beyond the devices most widely described in the literature, particularly when surgery is prohibitive.</p>
      <p>Immediate hemodynamic recovery and sustained clinical stability illustrate the importance of advanced training of the multidisciplinary team and the strict application of the techniques described in current guidelines and contemporary TAV-in-TAV series.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>This case illustrated a rare yet critical immediate dysfunction of a self-expanding prosthesis during transcatheter aortic valve implantation, which was successfully corrected with TAV-in-TAV using a balloon-expandable prosthesis. This technique may represent an immediate, effective, and potentially lifesaving alternative, especially in patients with high surgical risk; however, its success depends on an experienced team, detailed prior anatomical planning, and multiple device options.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Sources of Funding</label>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Study Association</label>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal do Paran&#225; under the protocol number 93429725.9.0000.0096. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
        <label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
        <p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
      <title>Availability of Research Data</title>
      <p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
    </sec>
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          <role>reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>imagens da angiografia</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-0807-4107</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Fernanda Miranda</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2434-2561</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gu&#233;rios</surname>
            <given-names>Enio Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-8491-3841</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Calegari</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o das refer&#234;ncias</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0415-6008</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zanlorensi</surname>
            <given-names>Cl&#225;udia Biondo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>imagens do ecocardiograma</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-4347-0200</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Botelho</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>imagens do ecocardiograma</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9909-6756</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Erbano</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o das refer&#234;ncias</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0539-729X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vaz</surname>
            <given-names>Vin&#237;cius D.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o das refer&#234;ncias</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">CHC UFPR, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Positivo Curso de Medicina, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Anis Rassi Heart Hospital, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Gustavo Carvalho</bold> &#8226; CHC UFPR. Dionira M Klemtz, 201, casa 107. CEP: <postal-code>81320-390</postal-code>. Bairro Fazendinha, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>gustavocarvalho1975@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Maria Otto</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <p>Paciente octogen&#225;ria, portadora de estenose valvar a&#243;rtica grave e com alto risco para cirurgia convencional, devido a disfun&#231;&#227;o renal cr&#244;nica e pneumopatia restritiva. Foi submetida a implante percut&#226;neo de pr&#243;tese valvar a&#243;rtica transcateter via femoral direita, utilizando pr&#243;tese autoexpans&#237;vel Navitor&#174; (Abbott). Ap&#243;s o procedimento, observou-se disfun&#231;&#227;o instant&#226;nea da pr&#243;tese decorrente da invers&#227;o do folheto coronariano direito, o que provocou insufici&#234;ncia prot&#233;tica aguda grave com instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica. Diante do quadro cr&#237;tico, foi realizado implante emergencial de pr&#243;tese bal&#227;o-expans&#237;vel Myval<sup>&#174;</sup> 21,5 mm no interior da pr&#243;tese disfuncionante (<italic>TAV-in-TAV</italic>). A interven&#231;&#227;o solucionou a condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica e possibilitou recupera&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica imediata. Esse caso demonstrou a efic&#225;cia e a seguran&#231;a da <italic>TAV-in-TAV</italic> como estrat&#233;gia de resgate em situa&#231;&#245;es de falha prot&#233;tica aguda.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
        <kwd>Pr&#243;teses e Implantes</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
        <kwd>Pr&#243;teses Valvulares Card&#237;acas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold> O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A estenose a&#243;rtica degenerativa &#233; a valvopatia mais prevalente em idosos e &#233; frequentemente associada a elevada mortalidade quando n&#227;o tratada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O tratamento padr&#227;o &#233; a substitui&#231;&#227;o valvar cir&#250;rgica; contudo, em pacientes idosos e com comorbidades significativas, o risco cir&#250;rgico &#233; alto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Em casos assim, o implante transcateter de v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica (TAVI) se mostra uma alternativa segura e eficaz,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> mas esse procedimento pode desencadear complica&#231;&#245;es mec&#226;nicas imediatas &#8212; como disfun&#231;&#227;o prot&#233;tica aguda &#8212;, que, apesar de serem raras, s&#227;o potencialmente fatais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Recentemente, foram descritos casos de mau funcionamento instant&#226;neo de pr&#243;tese Navitor<sup>&#174;</sup>, possivelmente associados a defeitos de fabrica&#231;&#227;o ou intera&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica adversa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>O presente relato descreve um caso de disfun&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;tese autoexpans&#237;vel (Navitor<sup>&#174;</sup>), corrigida com sucesso por meio de uma estrat&#233;gia emergencial de <italic>TAV-in-TAV</italic> com pr&#243;tese bal&#227;o-expans&#237;vel (Myval<sup>&#174;</sup>).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Relato do caso</title>
        <p>Paciente do sexo feminino, 82 anos, com estenose a&#243;rtica grave sintom&#225;tica (classe funcional III NYHA), disfun&#231;&#227;o renal cr&#244;nica (TFG estimada em 28 ml/min/1,73 m&#178;) e pneumopatia cr&#244;nica restritiva. O escore STS indicava alto risco para cirurgia aberta de troca valvar. Ap&#243;s discuss&#227;o pelo <italic>Heart Team</italic>, decidiu-se por tratamento via TAVI.</p>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas estruturais da valva a&#243;rtica eram: &#225;rea do anel valvar de 325 mm<sup>2</sup> e per&#237;metro do anel valvar de 64 mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>). O padr&#227;o estrutural sim&#233;trico assim como o grau e a distribui&#231;&#227;o de calcifica&#231;&#245;es permitiram a sele&#231;&#227;o de uma pr&#243;tese autoexpans&#237;vel.</p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas estruturais da valva a&#243;rtica a ser abordada. A &#8211; Anel valvar com poucas irregularidades, com calcifica&#231;&#245;es sim&#233;tricas de c&#250;spides sem extens&#227;o para via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) (&#225;rea de 325 mm<sup>2</sup> e per&#237;metro 64 mm). B &#8211; Seios de Valsalva amplos com pontos sim&#233;tricos de calcifica&#231;&#227;o. C &#8211; Altura adequada da coron&#225;ria esquerda. D &#8211; Altura adequada da coron&#225;ria direita. E &#8211; Calcifica&#231;&#245;es de moderadas a importantes em coron&#225;rias na valva a&#243;rtica e discretas na aorta ascendente e descendente tor&#225;cica.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20250111-0111i-gf01-pt.tif"/></fig>
        <p>O procedimento foi realizado sob seda&#231;&#227;o e anestesia local, com acesso pela art&#233;ria femoral direita. Ap&#243;s valvoplastia com bal&#227;o 18x40 mm, foi implantada pr&#243;tese autoexpans&#237;vel Navitor<sup>&#174;</sup> 25 mm (Abbott). A libera&#231;&#227;o ocorreu sem intercorr&#234;ncias, por&#233;m, logo ap&#243;s o implante, a angiografia apontou insufici&#234;ncia a&#243;rtica severa. O ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico intraoperat&#243;rio revelou insufici&#234;ncia prot&#233;tica grave consequente de uma invers&#227;o do folheto coronariano direito da pr&#243;tese (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>). A paciente passou a apresentar instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica importante, exigindo suporte inotr&#243;pico e controle avan&#231;ado da via a&#233;rea.</p>
        <fig id="f4">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Imagens do ecocardiograma e da fluoroscopia. A e B &#8211; ecocardiograma demonstrando o folheto da pr&#243;tese Navitor danificado (seta), com refluxo importante (seta). C e D &#8211; Pr&#243;tese Myval implantada no interior da pr&#243;tese Navitor, normofuncionante no ecocardiograma. E &#8211; Angiografia da valva a&#243;rtica nativa com estenose importante e refluxo discreto. F &#8211; Pr&#243;tese Navitor implantada com refluxo importante. G &#8211; (*) Stent posicionado no tronco da coron&#225;ria esquerda. G e H &#8211; Posicionamento da pr&#243;tese Myval (seta) e ap&#243;s seu implante no interior da pr&#243;tese Navitor (seta), normofuncionante.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20250111-0111i-gf02-pt.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Tentou-se corrigir a complica&#231;&#227;o pela manipula&#231;&#227;o do folheto invertido com cateteres Pigtail e Simon e com p&#243;s-dilata&#231;&#227;o por bal&#227;o 20x40 mm, entretanto todas as interven&#231;&#245;es foram ineficazes. Assim, optou-se pelo implante emergencial de uma segunda pr&#243;tese valvar no interior da pr&#243;tese disfuncionante (<italic>TAV-in-TAV</italic>). Como a origem da coron&#225;ria esquerda era relativamente baixa (11 mm) e a jun&#231;&#227;o sinotubular era relativamente estreita (24x25 mm), havia risco significativo de oclus&#227;o coronariana ou sequestro de seio coronariano caso fosse implantada uma nova pr&#243;tese autoexpans&#237;vel. Por isso, foi colocada uma pr&#243;tese bal&#227;o-expans&#237;vel disponibilizada para aquela ocasi&#227;o (Myval<sup>&#174;</sup> 21,5 mm &#8212; Meril) e, ao mesmo tempo, posicionou-se um stent farmacol&#243;gico no tronco da coron&#225;ria esquerda para prote&#231;&#227;o. O procedimento foi guiado simultaneamente por fluoroscopia e ecocardiografia transesof&#225;gica, obtendo-se sucesso t&#233;cnico, que foi evidenciado pela pronta corre&#231;&#227;o da insufici&#234;ncia valvar, pelo restabelecimento da estabilidade hemodin&#226;mica e pela aus&#234;ncia de comprometimento da perfus&#227;o coronariana (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>). O gradiente m&#233;dio transprot&#233;tico detectado ap&#243;s o procedimento foi de 6 mmHg, sem evid&#234;ncias de leak paravalvar.</p>
        <p>A paciente permaneceu hemodinamicamente est&#225;vel e recebeu alta hospitalar ap&#243;s quatro dias. Nos seguimentos de 30, 60 e 90 dias, a paciente se manteve em classe funcional I (NYHA), sem outras queixas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>O mau funcionamento agudo de uma pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica percut&#226;nea &#233; uma complica&#231;&#227;o rara, normalmente associada ao congelamento de um dos folhetos da pr&#243;tese, e que pode ser corrigido pela manipula&#231;&#227;o do folheto disfuncionante com cateteres.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Todavia, a disfun&#231;&#227;o prot&#233;tica relatada no presente caso deveu-se &#224; invers&#227;o de um dos folhetos da pr&#243;tese rec&#233;m-implantada, que n&#227;o respondeu &#224; sua manipula&#231;&#227;o. Na literatura internacional, foi encontrado apenas um caso semelhante, em que os autores atribu&#237;ram a complica&#231;&#227;o a condi&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas desfavor&#225;veis, levando a uma subexpans&#227;o assim&#233;trica da pr&#243;tese e falha de folheto. A intercorr&#234;ncia tamb&#233;m foi tratada com sucesso pelo implante de uma segunda pr&#243;tese bal&#227;o-expans&#237;vel dentro da pr&#243;tese inicial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>O mau funcionamento agudo de pr&#243;teses transcateter n&#227;o deve ser atribu&#237;do exclusivamente a poss&#237;veis defeitos do dispositivo ou falhas no preparo e manuseio do sistema de libera&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Fatores anat&#244;micos do paciente exercem papel determinante no desempenho imediato e na adequada expans&#227;o e coapta&#231;&#227;o dos folhetos, especialmente em v&#225;lvulas autoexpans&#237;veis. Al&#233;m disso, an&#233;is valvares el&#237;pticos ou marcadamente assim&#233;tricos, calcifica&#231;&#227;o intensa e heterog&#234;nea, protrus&#227;o de c&#225;lcio para o trato de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo ou para os seios de Valsalva e distribui&#231;&#227;o irregular das for&#231;as radiais ao longo do anel podem comprometer o correto assentamento da pr&#243;tese. Essas condi&#231;&#245;es favorecem m&#225; expans&#227;o, malposi&#231;&#227;o, distor&#231;&#227;o estrutural do stent e disfun&#231;&#227;o valvar imediata, situa&#231;&#245;es que n&#227;o ocorreram no caso apresentado. Tais aspectos refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia de uma avalia&#231;&#227;o tomogr&#225;fica minuciosa antes do procedimento &#8212; com an&#225;lise tridimensional detalhada da geometria do anel e do padr&#227;o de calcifica&#231;&#227;o &#8212; e a necessidade de planejamento individualizado da estrat&#233;gia de implante e da sele&#231;&#227;o do tipo de pr&#243;tese, sobretudo em anatomias desafiadoras.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Por outro lado, o presente caso suscita discuss&#227;o acerca do controle de qualidade e da rastreabilidade de pr&#243;teses transcateter, visto que defeitos sutis de fabrica&#231;&#227;o s&#243; podem ser identificados no momento do implante, conforme evidenciado tamb&#233;m por relatos recentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A literatura refor&#231;a que a reinterven&#231;&#227;o transcateter em v&#225;lvulas previamente implantadas &#233; uma alternativa segura e eficaz &#224; reopera&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica, principalmente para pacientes de alto risco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Entretanto, este relato demonstra a efic&#225;cia da estrat&#233;gia <italic>TAV-in-TAV</italic> em casos agudos e refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia do planejamento pr&#233;vio completo do procedimento, tanto para direcionar a escolha emergencial de uma segunda pr&#243;tese quanto para determinar as t&#233;cnicas necess&#225;rias para evitar complica&#231;&#245;es adicionais, como uma oclus&#227;o coronariana aguda secund&#225;ria ao segundo implante.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A oclus&#227;o coronariana, particularmente do tronco da coron&#225;ria esquerda, &#233; uma das complica&#231;&#245;es mais temidas durante procedimentos de <italic>valve-in-valve</italic> (ViV) e <italic>TAV-in-TAV</italic>, especialmente em anatomias com seios de Valsalva pequenos, baixa altura de &#243;stios coronarianos e folhetos prot&#233;ticos com risco de deslocamento em dire&#231;&#227;o &#224;s coron&#225;rias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> No presente caso, optou-se por uma estrat&#233;gia de prote&#231;&#227;o coronariana profil&#225;tica por meio do pr&#233;-posicionamento de stent no interior do tronco da coron&#225;ria esquerda, mantendo-o montado e preparado para eventual libera&#231;&#227;o imediata em caso de comprometimento do fluxo coronariano ap&#243;s o implante da pr&#243;tese ViV. Diante da preserva&#231;&#227;o do fluxo adequado e da aus&#234;ncia de evid&#234;ncias angiogr&#225;ficas ou hemodin&#226;micas de obstru&#231;&#227;o coronariana ap&#243;s o implante da segunda pr&#243;tese transcateter, n&#227;o houve necessidade de realiza&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica de "chamin&#233;", e o stent foi removido de forma segura ao final do procedimento. Essa abordagem ilustra uma estrat&#233;gia escalonada e individualizada de prote&#231;&#227;o coronariana que permite mitigar riscos em anatomias potencialmente desfavor&#225;veis, evitando interven&#231;&#245;es adicionais desnecess&#225;rias quando n&#227;o h&#225; comprometimento coronariano efetivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Apesar de a abordagem cir&#250;rgica convencional ser uma alternativa vi&#225;vel para o tratamento de falhas de pr&#243;teses transcateter, ela est&#225; associada a elevada morbimortalidade perioperat&#243;ria, principalmente em pacientes idosos ou com alto risco cir&#250;rgico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> No caso apresentado, a idade avan&#231;ada e as comorbidades da paciente tornaram a abordagem cir&#250;rgica aberta uma estrat&#233;gia de risco elevado. Diante disso, e considerando a experi&#234;ncia da equipe intervencionista, adotou-se uma abordagem transcateter emergencial. O procedimento de resgate resultou em recupera&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica instant&#226;nea, evitando a necessidade de reopera&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica de alto risco.</p>
        <p>No que tange &#224; tem&#225;tica de implante transcateter ViV em biopr&#243;teses disfuncionantes, a literatura cl&#225;ssica descreve majoritariamente o uso de pr&#243;teses bal&#227;o-expans&#237;veis da fam&#237;lia Edwards SAPIEN, especialmente nas s&#233;ries iniciais e nos registros multic&#234;ntricos que fundamentaram a viabilidade e a seguran&#231;a da t&#233;cnica. Por outro lado, h&#225; evid&#234;ncias crescentes de que o princ&#237;pio do <italic>TAV-in-TAV</italic> pode ser aplicado com sucesso utilizando diferentes plataformas transcateter, desde que respeitados crit&#233;rios anat&#244;micos e t&#233;cnicos adequados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> No presente caso, diante de falha aguda e grave de uma pr&#243;tese autoexpans&#237;vel durante o implante, em um contexto de instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica, a disponibilidade imediata de uma pr&#243;tese bal&#227;o-expans&#237;vel Myval<sup>&#174;</sup> (Meril) permitiu a realiza&#231;&#227;o de um <italic>TAV-in-TAV</italic> de resgate, com restaura&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida da compet&#234;ncia valvar e estabiliza&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da paciente. Esse desfecho refor&#231;a que, em cen&#225;rios cr&#237;ticos, a pronta decis&#227;o terap&#234;utica e a versatilidade na utiliza&#231;&#227;o de diferentes dispositivos transcateter podem ser determinantes para o sucesso do procedimento, ampliando a aplicabilidade do conceito de ViV para al&#233;m dos dispositivos mais amplamente descritos na literatura, sobretudo quando a alternativa cir&#250;rgica &#233; proibitiva.</p>
        <p>O resultado positivo do procedimento/da interven&#231;&#227;o evidencia a import&#226;ncia do treinamento avan&#231;ado da equipe multidisciplinar e da aplica&#231;&#227;o rigorosa dos princ&#237;pios t&#233;cnicos descritos nas diretrizes atuais e nas s&#233;ries contempor&#226;neas de <italic>TAV-in-TAV</italic>.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Este caso ilustra uma rara, por&#233;m cr&#237;tica, disfun&#231;&#227;o imediata de pr&#243;tese autoexpans&#237;vel durante implante transcateter de valva a&#243;rtica, corrigida com sucesso por meio da t&#233;cnica <italic>TAV-in-TAV</italic> com pr&#243;tese bal&#227;o-expans&#237;vel. Com uma equipe experiente, planejamento anat&#244;mico pr&#233;vio detalhado e disponibilidade de m&#250;ltiplas op&#231;&#245;es de dispositivos, a estrat&#233;gia pode representar uma alternativa terap&#234;utica r&#225;pida, eficaz e potencialmente salvadora, especialmente em pacientes com alto risco cir&#250;rgico.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
          <label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
          <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e Consentimento Informado</label>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do(a) Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal do Paran&#225; sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 93429725.9.0000.0096. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
          <label>Uso de Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial</label>
          <p>Os autores n&#227;o utilizaram ferramentas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
        <title>Disponibilidade de Dados</title>
        <p>Os conte&#250;dos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa est&#227;o contidos no manuscrito.</p>
      </sec>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
