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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">VpfBZjFShdZmGJk44S8xhhn</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S2675-312X2026000101001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260008i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Functional Mitral Regurgitation of Atrial Origin: Search for Diagnostic Criteria</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2526-0656</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Romano</surname>
            <given-names>Minna Moreira Dias</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Minna Moreira Dias Romano</bold> &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto. Rua Carlos Rateb Cury, 697. Postal code: <postal-code>14110-000</postal-code>. Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>minna@fmrp.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>39</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260008</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Mitral Valve Insufficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Identifying the various mechanisms of Mitral Regurgitation (MR) is essential for understanding the disease, prognosis, and planning structural therapeutic approaches. Recently, several studies on valvular heart disease have recognized functional MR. This condition is associated with the impact of cardiac geometry on mitral valve function, rather than primary valvular injury such as rheumatic, degenerative, infectious (endocarditis), or congenital diseases.</p>
    <p>Furthermore, within the group of patients with functional MR, a subgroup has been identified that does not present Left Ventricular (LV) dilation or dysfunction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In this subgroup, the likely mechanism of MR is chronic enlargement of the Left Atrium (LA) and the mitral annulus, commonly associated with atrial fibrillation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Preliminary studies suggest associated left atrial dysfunction, which can be measured through tissue mechanics analysis. These factors likely contribute to the reduction of the coaptation surface of the mitral leaflet edges.</p>
    <p>Echocardiographic assessment of valve function, and not only of the pathological characteristics of the mitral valve components and annulus, is essential for suspecting MR, although in some cases the diagnosis remains subjective and based on the exclusion of other causes. Echocardiography (ECHO), even in its two-dimensional form, can evaluate LA dimensions and atrial function using the Speckle Tracking technique.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> However, a more detailed analysis of valve anatomy, particularly of the annulus, requires more advanced assessments, such as two-dimensional transesophageal ECHO or three-dimensional (3D) imaging.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Nevertheless, the availability of 3D ECHO is still limited by equipment cost and the need for adequate training of echocardiographers.</p>
    <p>The study published in this edition presents a diagnostic proposal for atrial MR using a variable derived from two-dimensional transesophageal ECHO. This variable is not merely the linear diameter of the mitral annulus, but its value indexed to body surface area. Importantly, the researchers did not restrict their evaluation to the diagnostic capacity of a single parameter, but rather to the combination of key parameters, including age, presence of atrial fibrillation, and comorbidities such as systemic arterial hypertension, together with ECHO parameters such as LV ejection fraction and indexed LA volume, associated with the indexed annular diameter. Using multivariate analyses and logistic regression, and comparing model performance with the consensus clinical diagnosis of two observers, the study demonstrated good performance of the model incorporating all variables.</p>
    <p>Thus, there is a proposed predictive diagnostic model for atrial MR based on the combination of clinical variables and two-dimensional ECHO parameters. The results presented represent an initial proposal, which may in the future be tested against the performance of validated 3D ECHO variables for this diagnosis. It is necessary to evaluate functional MR using different diagnostic techniques in order to identify this subgroup of atrial MR, which is peculiar when compared with MR of left ventricular origin.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Short editorial referring to the article:</label>
        <p>Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260008</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Regurgita&#231;&#227;o Mitral Funcional de Causa Atrial: Busca por Crit&#233;rios Diagn&#243;sticos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2526-0656</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Romano</surname>
            <given-names>Minna Moreira Dias</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Minna Moreira Dias Romano</bold> &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto. Rua Carlos Rateb Cury, 697. CEP: <postal-code>14110-000</postal-code>. Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>minna@fmrp.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia da Valva Mitral</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Identificar os diversos mecanismos de Regurgita&#231;&#227;o Mitral (RM) &#233; essencial para a compreens&#227;o da doen&#231;a, do progn&#243;stico e do planejamento de abordagens terap&#234;uticas estruturais. Recentemente, diversos estudos sobre valvopatias t&#234;m reconhecido a RM funcional. Essa estaria associada a repercuss&#245;es da geometria card&#237;aca sobre o funcionamento da valva mitral, e n&#227;o exatamente a agress&#245;es valvares prim&#225;rias, como doen&#231;as reum&#225;ticas, degenerativas, endocardite ou cong&#234;nitas.</p>
      <p>Ainda, no grupo de pacientes com RM funcional, identifica-se um subgrupo que n&#227;o apresenta dilata&#231;&#227;o nem disfun&#231;&#227;o do Ventr&#237;culo Esquerdo (VE).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Nesse subgrupo, o prov&#225;vel mecanismo da RM &#233; o aumento cr&#244;nico do &#193;trio Esquerdo (AE) e do anel valvar mitral, comumente associado &#224; fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Estudos preliminares sugerem disfun&#231;&#227;o atrial esquerda associada, que pode ser mensurada pela an&#225;lise da mec&#226;nica tecidual. Esses fatores provavelmente contribuem para a redu&#231;&#227;o da superf&#237;cie de coapta&#231;&#227;o dos bordos dos folhetos mitrais.</p>
      <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica do funcionamento, e n&#227;o s&#243; das caracter&#237;sticas patol&#243;gicas dos componentes e do anel da valva mitral &#233; essencial para a suspeita da RM, embora, em algumas vezes, o diagn&#243;stico ainda seja subjetivo e por exclus&#227;o de outras causas. A Ecocardiografia (ECO), mesmo bidimensional, pode avaliar as dimens&#245;es do AE e a fun&#231;&#227;o atrial pela t&#233;cnica de <italic>Speckle Tracking</italic>.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Por&#233;m, uma an&#225;lise mais detalhada da anatomia valvar, principalmente do anel, requer avalia&#231;&#245;es mais avan&#231;adas, como a ECO bidimensional com imagens transesof&#225;gicas ou com imagens tridimensionais (3D).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> No entanto, a disponibilidade da ECO 3D ainda &#233; limitada pelo custo do equipamento e de treinamento adequado de ecocardiografistas.</p>
      <p>O estudo publicado nesta edi&#231;&#227;o apresenta uma proposta de diagn&#243;stico de RM atrial utilizando uma vari&#225;vel oriunda da ECO bidimensional, transesof&#225;gica. Essa n&#227;o seria apenas o di&#226;metro linear do anel mitral, mas seu valor indexado pela superf&#237;cie corporal. Por&#233;m, os pesquisadores n&#227;o se limitaram a avaliar a capacidade diagn&#243;stica de um &#250;nico par&#226;metro, mas &#224; combina&#231;&#227;o dos principais par&#226;metros, incluindo idade, presen&#231;a de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial e de comorbidades como hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, associados a par&#226;metros da ECO, como a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do VE e o volume indexado de AE, associado ao di&#226;metro indexado do anel. Com o uso de an&#225;lises multivariadas e regress&#227;o log&#237;stica, comparando-se o desempenho de modelos com o diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico consensual entre dois observadores, observou-se um bom desempenho do modelo que comp&#245;e todas as vari&#225;veis.</p>
      <p>Assim, h&#225; uma proposta de modelo preditivo diagn&#243;stico da RM atrial com base na combina&#231;&#227;o de vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e de ECO bidimensional. Os resultados apresentados representam uma proposta inicial, que futuramente poder&#225; ser testada frente ao desempenho de vari&#225;veis da ECO 3D j&#225; validadas para esse diagn&#243;stico. &#201; preciso avaliar as RMs funcionais por meio de t&#233;cnicas diagn&#243;sticas diversas a fim de se identificar esse subgrupo de RM atrial, peculiar quando comparada a RM de causa ventricular esquerda.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
          <p>Desenvolvimento e Valida&#231;&#227;o de um Modelo Preditivo para Insufici&#234;ncia Mitral Funcional Atrial</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
