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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">J7LZXjqYSTjynNtcRKYFtnC</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S2675-312X2026000100203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260004i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Recalibrating the Barometer: Echocardiography in Diastolic Dysfunction and the Era of New Algorithms</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2634-4632</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Otto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Estefania Bosco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5153-8420</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Assef</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7053-3684</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nishida</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Bras&#237;lia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Bras&#237;lia, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital DF Star</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital DF Star, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Maria Estefania Bosco Otto</bold> &#8226; Universidade de Bras&#237;lia. SQSW 301 Bloco F, Apto 508. Postal code: <postal-code>70910-900</postal-code>. Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>mariaestefaniaotto@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Marcelo Tavares</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>39</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260004</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="corrected">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="correction-forward" id="r01" xlink:href="10.36660/abcimg.20260055i" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Left Ventricular Dysfunction</kwd>
        <kwd>Diastolic Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Diastolic dysfunction (DD) remains a diagnostic challenge, not for lack of available parameters, but because uncertainty emerges when complex physiology is reduced to static labels in echocardiographic reports. In clinical practice, physicians are often less concerned with the specific grade of DD and more interested in its prognostic implications and in whether increased filling pressures may explain dyspnea, guide further investigation, and support therapeutic decisions. It is precisely in this variable, mean left atrial pressure (MLAP) and left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (LVFP), that echocardiography must be most pragmatic, minimizing the number of "indeterminate" reports and offering an operational conclusion grounded in integrated physiology.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>The structured reasoning that supports this goal began with the 2009 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Echocardiography guideline on the evaluation of LV diastolic function,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> a landmark document that organized modern thinking on diastole, established a shared language for key pathophysiological mechanisms, and systematized the interpretation of echocardiographic parameters. Beyond its conceptual value, it reinforced a critical principle for echocardiography laboratories: the assessment of diastole must translate into a clinically meaningful message, particularly when heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is suspected.</p>
    <p>The 2016 update of the guideline represented another important step by simplifying and improving the reproducibility of multiparametric assessment, focusing on widely available variables suitable for routine use.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In practice, however, the post-2016 experience revealed a persistent issue: in the real world, especially among patients with HFpEF, a substantial proportion of studies continued to be classified as having "indeterminate" diastolic function. While methodologically honest, this result is often clinically insufficient.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>The study by Lababidi et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> represents a pragmatic turning point. In a multicenter cohort validated against invasive hemodynamics, they proposed a stepwise echocardiographic algorithm to estimate LVFP. The first stage relies on highly feasible measurements, while the second stage resolves discordance or incomplete data using additional parameters supported by strong pathophysiological rationale. Its editorial relevance is direct: the algorithm was designed to reduce the proportion of "indeterminate" cases and improve diagnostic accuracy (from 80% to 86% in patients with HFpEF) in determining LVFP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Following the publication of Lababidi et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> the 2025 guideline "recalibrates the barometer" by incorporating these proposed algorithms into a structured strategy for diastolic evaluation and HFpEF diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> This update not only refines the accuracy of DD classification but also improves the identification of increased LVFP, significantly reducing the proportion of cases classified as indeterminate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> These algorithms apply to patients in sinus rhythm and without mitral valve conditions that distort the assessment of relaxation and LVFP, such as mitral stenosis of any degree and moderate or severe mitral regurgitation or mitral annular calcification.</p>
    <p>However, the 2025 guideline presents two key figures (Figures 2 and 3 of that document<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup>) that, at a superficial reading, may appear to compete with one another and therefore generate operational uncertainty. In general terms, Figure 2 of that guideline evaluates the presence of DD, whereas Figure 3 classifies findings based on the estimated MLAP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> When interpreted as alternative pathways rather than complementary steps, they may perpetuate uncertainty and lead to conflicting results.</p>
    <p>In this context, the letter by Assef &amp; Nishida<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> gains practical relevance. They propose integrating these figures sequentially, redefining Figure 2 as Algorithm 1 (steps for diagnosing DD) and Figure 3 as Algorithm 2 (grading DD and estimating MLAP), both presented in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> of this Editorial, with clearer transition rules and tie-breaking criteria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> This integrated use facilitates interpretation and reduces the likelihood of misclassification. The editorial response from the guideline authors, by clarifying issues related to interpretation and applicability, further contributes to harmonizing understanding and reducing variability in the use of these tools.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figure 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Integrated algorithm for DD (adapted from Assef &amp; Nishida5 with permission). DD: diastolic dysfunction; IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time; LA: left atrium; LAP: LA pressure; LASr: LA strain, reservoir phase; LAVi: LA volume index; LV: left ventricle; LVMi: LV mass index; S/D: systolic-to-diastolic; PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; TR: tricuspid regurgitation.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20260004-0004i-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <p>In practice, this integration has two immediate consequences. First, it preserves a core set of widely feasible measurements (transmitral Doppler, e&#8242; velocities, E/e&#8242; ratio, and pulmonary pressure estimation) as the initial decision-making step, while directing the use of additional parameters with strong pathophysiological rationale when needed. Second, so-called advanced parameters are placed in their proper role: not as technological embellishments, but as tools to resolve discordance and bring the report closer to the central clinical question, increased versus non-increased LVFP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Beyond workflow reorganization, the 2025 guideline incorporates two messages that directly reflect daily clinical practice. The first is the recognition of left atrial reservoir strain as an additional variable for diastolic assessment, particularly in populations with preserved ejection fraction, in whom the range of normality is broad and load dependence requires greater interpretative sophistication.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The second is the reinforcement that mitral annular tissue Doppler e&#8242; velocities should be interpreted in the context of age, acknowledging the physiological decline in relaxation associated with aging.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Together, these incorporations move in the same direction: reducing false conflicts among variables and increasing the likelihood of a coherent conclusion when the clinical picture is suggestive.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Furthermore, the renewed role of pulmonary vein Doppler is consistent with the historical evolution of the field. As early as 2009, this parameter played a relevant role in inferring LVFP and distinguishing filling patterns.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> By repositioning it as a tie-breaking variable, contemporary algorithms restore its ability to appropriately reduce the diagnostic gray zone.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Integration with clinical algorithms represents the next step in reducing attribution errors in patients with multifactorial dyspnea. Approaches such as H<sup>2</sup>FPEF help estimate pretest probability and identify those who may benefit from additional investigation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Complementarily, the HFA-PEFF algorithm organizes diagnostic probability and guides decisions regarding functional testing or invasive hemodynamic assessment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Finally, improved diagnostic precision has an unavoidable practical consequence: HFpEF now has therapies that modify outcomes. Without turning this Editorial into a therapeutic review, it is important to recognize that trials such as EMPEROR-Preserved (empagliflozin) and DELIVER (dapagliflozin) established SGLT2 inhibitors as beneficial interventions in patients with HFpEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> The more consistent the diagnosis of an HFpEF phenotype, the more appropriate the application of evidence-based treatment strategies.</p>
    <p>In summary, "recalibrating the barometer" in DD means recovering what the 2009 guideline<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> conceptually organized, recognizing what the 2016 guideline<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> simplified, and applying what the 2025 guideline<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> operationalized: a stepwise, integrated, purpose-driven approach to classifying diastolic function and estimating MLAP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> New diastolic algorithms enable a clinically actionable conclusion, anchored in physiology, regarding the likelihood of increased LVFP. By sequentially integrating diastolic function classification with LVFP estimation, as proposed by Assef &amp; Nishida,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> inconsistencies observed in recent guidelines are substantially reduced, and echocardiographic reporting gains greater coherence and robustness, particularly when interpreted within the patient's clinical context.</p>
  </body>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260004</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Recalibrando o Bar&#244;metro: A Ecocardiografia na Disfun&#231;&#227;o Diast&#243;lica e a Era dos Novos Algoritmos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2634-4632</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Otto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Estefania Bosco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5153-8420</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Assef</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7053-3684</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nishida</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Bras&#237;lia, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital DF Star, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Maria Estefania Bosco Otto</bold> &#8226; Universidade de Bras&#237;lia. SQSW 301 Bloco F, Apto 508. CEP: <postal-code>70910-900</postal-code>. Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>mariaestefaniaotto@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Marcelo Tavares</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <related-article related-article-type="correction-forward" id="r01-pt" xlink:href="10.36660/abcimg.20260055" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Esquerda</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Diast&#243;lica</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Strain Atrial Esquerdo</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica (DD) permanece um desafio diagn&#243;stico n&#227;o por falta de par&#226;metros, mas pela incerteza que surge quando uma fisiologia complexa &#233; traduzida em r&#243;tulos est&#225;ticos nos laudos ecocardiogr&#225;ficos. Na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, os m&#233;dicos frequentemente se preocupam menos com o grau espec&#237;fico de DD e mais com suas implica&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas e com o fato de saber se press&#245;es de enchimento elevadas podem explicar a dispneia, orientar investiga&#231;&#245;es adicionais e sustentar decis&#245;es terap&#234;uticas. &#201; precisamente nessas vari&#225;veis, a press&#227;o m&#233;dia do &#225;trio esquerdo (PMAE) e a press&#227;o de enchimento do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (PEVE), que a ecocardiografia precisa ser mais pragm&#225;tica, minimizando o n&#250;mero de laudos "indeterminados" e oferecendo uma conclus&#227;o operacional fundamentada na fisiologia integrada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O racioc&#237;nio estruturado que sustenta esse objetivo come&#231;ou com a diretriz de 2009 da American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Echocardiography sobre a avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> um verdadeiro marco que organizou o pensamento moderno sobre a di&#225;stole, estabeleceu uma linguagem compartilhada para os principais mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos e sistematizou a interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros ecocardiogr&#225;ficos. Al&#233;m de seu valor conceitual, refor&#231;ou um princ&#237;pio cr&#237;tico para os laborat&#243;rios de ecocardiografia: a avalia&#231;&#227;o da di&#225;stole deve se traduzir em uma mensagem clinicamente significativa, particularmente quando h&#225; suspeita de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada (ICFEP).</p>
      <p>A atualiza&#231;&#227;o de 2016 da diretriz representou outro passo importante ao simplificar e melhorar a reprodutibilidade da avalia&#231;&#227;o multiparam&#233;trica, com foco em vari&#225;veis amplamente dispon&#237;veis e adequadas para uso rotineiro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Na pr&#225;tica, contudo, a experi&#234;ncia ap&#243;s 2016 revelou um problema persistente: no mundo real, especialmente entre pacientes com ICFEP, uma propor&#231;&#227;o substancial de exames continuava sendo classificada como fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica "indeterminada". Embora metodologicamente honesto, esse resultado frequentemente &#233; clinicamente insuficiente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O estudo de Lababidi et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> representa um ponto de inflex&#227;o pragm&#225;tico. Em uma coorte multic&#234;ntrica validada contra dados hemodin&#226;micos invasivos, os autores propuseram um algoritmo ecocardiogr&#225;fico em etapas para estimar a PEVE. A primeira etapa baseia-se em medidas de alta factibilidade, enquanto a segunda resolve discord&#226;ncias ou dados incompletos utilizando par&#226;metros adicionais sustentados por forte fundamenta&#231;&#227;o fisiopatol&#243;gica. Sua relev&#226;ncia editorial &#233; direta: o algoritmo foi desenvolvido para reduzir a propor&#231;&#227;o de casos "indeterminados" e melhorar a acur&#225;cia diagn&#243;stica (de 80% para 86% em pacientes com ICFEP) na determina&#231;&#227;o da PEVE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o de Lababidi et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> a diretriz de 2025 "recalibra o bar&#244;metro" ao incorporar esses algoritmos propostos em uma estrat&#233;gia estruturada para avalia&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica e diagn&#243;stico de ICFEP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Essa atualiza&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o apenas refina a acur&#225;cia da classifica&#231;&#227;o da DD, mas tamb&#233;m melhora a identifica&#231;&#227;o de PEVE elevada, reduzindo significativamente a propor&#231;&#227;o de casos classificados como indeterminados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Esses fluxos se aplicam a pacientes em ritmo sinusal e sem condi&#231;&#245;es valvares mitrais que distor&#231;am a avalia&#231;&#227;o do relaxamento e da PEVE, como estenose mitral de qualquer grau e insufici&#234;ncia mitral moderada ou importante, ou calcifica&#231;&#227;o do anel mitral.</p>
      <p>No entanto, a diretriz de 2025 apresenta duas figuras-chave (Figuras 2 e 3 desse documento<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup>) que, em uma leitura superficial, podem parecer competir entre si e, portanto, gerar incerteza operacional. Em termos gerais, a Figura 2 dessa diretriz avalia a presen&#231;a de DD, enquanto a Figura 3 classifica os achados com base na PMAE estimada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Quando interpretadas como vias alternativas, em vez de etapas complementares, podem perpetuar a incerteza e levar a resultados conflitantes.</p>
      <p>Nesse contexto, a carta de Assef e Nishida<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> ganha relev&#226;ncia pr&#225;tica. Os autores prop&#245;em integrar essas figuras de forma sequencial, redefinindo a Figura 2 como Algoritmo 1 (etapas para o diagn&#243;stico de DD) e a Figura 3 como Algoritmo 2 (classifica&#231;&#227;o da DD e estimativa da PMAE), ambos apresentados na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref> deste Editorial, com regras de transi&#231;&#227;o mais claras e crit&#233;rios de desempate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Esse uso integrado facilita a interpreta&#231;&#227;o e reduz a probabilidade de classifica&#231;&#227;o incorreta. A resposta editorial dos autores da diretriz, ao esclarecer aspectos relacionados &#224; interpreta&#231;&#227;o e aplicabilidade, tamb&#233;m contribui para harmonizar o entendimento e reduzir a variabilidade no uso dessas ferramentas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Algoritmo integrado para DD (adaptado de Assef e Nishida5 com permiss&#227;o). AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; DD: disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica; iMVE: &#237;ndice de massa do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE); iVAE: &#237;ndice de volume do AE; IT: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide; PAE: press&#227;o do AE; PSAP: press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar; S/D: sist&#243;lico/diast&#243;lico; SRAE: <italic>strain</italic> do AE, fase de reservat&#243;rio; TRIV: tempo de relaxamento isovolum&#233;trico.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20260004-0004i-gf01-pt.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Na pr&#225;tica, essa integra&#231;&#227;o tem duas consequ&#234;ncias imediatas. Primeiro, preserva um conjunto central de medidas amplamente fact&#237;veis (Doppler transmitral, velocidades e&#8242;, rela&#231;&#227;o E/e&#8242; e estimativa da press&#227;o pulmonar) como etapa inicial de tomada de decis&#227;o, ao mesmo tempo em que direciona o uso de par&#226;metros adicionais com forte fundamenta&#231;&#227;o fisiopatol&#243;gica quando necess&#225;rio. Segundo, os chamados par&#226;metros avan&#231;ados passam a ocupar seu papel adequado: n&#227;o como incrementos tecnol&#243;gicos, mas como ferramentas para resolver discord&#226;ncias e aproximar o laudo da quest&#227;o cl&#237;nica central, PEVE aumentada versus n&#227;o aumentada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Al&#233;m da reorganiza&#231;&#227;o do fluxo de trabalho, a diretriz de 2025 incorpora duas mensagens que refletem diretamente a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria. A primeira &#233; o reconhecimento do <italic>strain</italic> de reservat&#243;rio do &#225;trio esquerdo como uma vari&#225;vel adicional para a avalia&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica, particularmente em popula&#231;&#245;es com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada, nas quais a faixa de normalidade &#233; ampla e a depend&#234;ncia de carga exige maior sofistica&#231;&#227;o interpretativa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A segunda &#233; o refor&#231;o de que as velocidades e&#8242; ao Doppler tecidual do anel mitral devem ser interpretadas no contexto da idade, reconhecendo o decl&#237;nio fisiol&#243;gico do relaxamento associado ao envelhecimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Em conjunto, essas incorpora&#231;&#245;es seguem a mesma dire&#231;&#227;o: reduzir conflitos falsos entre vari&#225;veis e aumentar a probabilidade de uma conclus&#227;o coerente quando o quadro cl&#237;nico &#233; sugestivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Al&#233;m disso, o papel renovado do Doppler de veias pulmonares &#233; consistente com a evolu&#231;&#227;o hist&#243;rica do campo. J&#225; em 2009, esse par&#226;metro desempenhava um papel relevante na infer&#234;ncia da PEVE e na distin&#231;&#227;o dos padr&#245;es de enchimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Ao reposicion&#225;-lo como uma vari&#225;vel de desempate, os algoritmos contempor&#226;neos resgatam sua capacidade de reduzir adequadamente a zona cinzenta diagn&#243;stica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A integra&#231;&#227;o com algoritmos cl&#237;nicos representa o pr&#243;ximo passo na redu&#231;&#227;o de erros de atribui&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com dispneia multifatorial. Abordagens como o H2FPEF ajudam a estimar a probabilidade pr&#233;-teste e a identificar aqueles que podem se beneficiar de investiga&#231;&#227;o adicional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> De forma complementar, o algoritmo HFA-PEFF organiza a probabilidade diagn&#243;stica e orienta decis&#245;es quanto &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o de testes funcionais ou avalia&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica invasiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Por fim, o aprimoramento da precis&#227;o diagn&#243;stica tem uma consequ&#234;ncia pr&#225;tica inevit&#225;vel: a ICFEP agora conta com terapias que modificam desfechos. Sem transformar este Editorial em uma revis&#227;o terap&#234;utica, &#233; importante reconhecer que estudos como EMPEROR-Preserved (empagliflozina) e DELIVER (dapagliflozina) estabeleceram os inibidores de SGLT2 como interven&#231;&#245;es ben&#233;ficas em pacientes com ICFEP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Quanto mais consistente for o diagn&#243;stico de um fen&#243;tipo de ICFEP, mais apropriada ser&#225; a aplica&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias terap&#234;uticas baseadas em evid&#234;ncias.</p>
      <p>Em s&#237;ntese, "recalibrar o bar&#244;metro" na DD significa resgatar o que a diretriz de 2009<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> organizou conceitualmente, reconhecer o que a diretriz de 2016<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> simplificou e aplicar o que a diretriz de 2025<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> operacionalizou: uma abordagem sequencial, integrada e orientada por prop&#243;sito para classificar a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica e estimar a PMAE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Novos algoritmos diast&#243;licos permitem uma conclus&#227;o clinicamente acion&#225;vel, ancorada na fisiologia, sobre a probabilidade de PEVE aumentada. Ao integrar sequencialmente a classifica&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica com a estimativa da PEVE, conforme proposto por Assef &amp; Nishida,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> as inconsist&#234;ncias observadas nas diretrizes recentes s&#227;o substancialmente reduzidas, e o laudo ecocardiogr&#225;fico ganha maior coer&#234;ncia e robustez, especialmente quando interpretado no contexto cl&#237;nico do paciente.</p>
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