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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250075i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="other">abcimg.20250075i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Image</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Left Atrial Septal Pouch Thrombosis Detected Before Electrical Cardioversion: a Rare Source of Embolism</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-7116-6193</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Amon</surname><given-names>Andre Barcellos</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research and acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7311-4370</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Lopes</surname><given-names>Mariana De Castro</given-names></name>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6409-2109</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Saadi</surname><given-names>Marina Petersen</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research and acquisition of data</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8289-7357</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Menegazzo</surname><given-names>Willian R.</given-names></name>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2493-0547</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Santos</surname><given-names>Angela Barreto Santiago</given-names></name>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label> <bold>Andre Barcellos Amon</bold> • Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Postal code: <postal-code>90035-903</postal-code>. Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil E-mail: <email>andreamon@hotmail.com.br</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><label>Editor responsible for the review:</label> <p>Maria Otto</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="coi-statement"><label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>03</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<elocation-id>e20250075</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>27</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>12</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Transesophageal Echocardiography</kwd>
<kwd>Thrombosis</kwd>
<kwd>Atrial Septum</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="6"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="3"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p>A 59-year-old male patient with a history of systemic arterial hypertension was admitted to the emergency department with a seven-day history of chest pain and palpitations. On examination, he was hypotensive (93/70 mmHg) and tachycardic (150 bpm). A prominent systolic–diastolic murmur was heard along the right upper sternal border.</p>
<p>The initial investigation included electrocardiography (ECG) and Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE). The ECG revealed atrial flutter, and the TTE showed biventricular dilation [Left Ventricular (LV) end-diastolic/end-systolic diameters: 60/51 mm; right ventricular (RV) basal diameter: 54 mm] and severe systolic dysfunction (LV ejection fraction: 19%; RV fractional area change: 16%). Additionally, a bicuspid aortic valve with mixed disease was identified: low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis (peak velocity: 3.1 m/s; peak/mean gradients: 39/23 mmHg; velocity ratio: 0.15; valve area: 0.7 cm<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>, stroke volume index: 17 ml/m<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>) and severe aortic regurgitation (pressure half-time: 170 ms; holodiastolic reversal in the descending aorta, end-diastolic velocity: 24 cm/s).</p>
<p>Parenteral anticoagulation was initiated, and a Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) was performed before planned cardioversion. The TEE demonstrated a tubular interatrial septum forming a Left Atrial Septal Pouch (LASP). Within the LASP, a homogeneous echodense mass consistent with thrombus was detected (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>), while no thrombus was present in the Left Atrial Appendage. Agitated saline was injected in a peripheral vein, and no interatrial communication was observed (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). Consequently, cardioversion was deferred, and systemic anticoagulation was continued.</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Mid-esophageal biplane TEE demonstrates a left atrial septal pouch (LASP) with an intraluminal thrombus measuring up to 1.3 cm in its longest axis. TEE: transesophageal echocardiography; LASP: left atrial septal pouch.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250075-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Peripheral agitated saline injection demonstrates opacification of the right cardiac chambers without evidence of interatrial communication.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250075-gf02.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>During hospitalization, the patient underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis. It was decided not to perform surgical removal of the thrombus, and anticoagulation therapy was maintained. After two weeks of anticoagulation, follow-up transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated complete resolution of the thrombus in the Left Atrial Appendage (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>). Subsequently, successful electrical cardioversion was performed.</p>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figure 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Follow-up TEE two weeks after anticoagulation with resolution of LASP thrombus. TEE: transesophageal echocardiography; LASP: left atrial septal pouch.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250075-gf03.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>This case highlights the clinical relevance of LASP, an anatomic variant resulting from incomplete fusion of the septum primum and secundum, which potentially carries a thrombogenic risk—particularly in the presence of additional prothrombotic conditions such as blood stasis from atrial arrhythmias and/or left ventricular dysfunction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> LASP is found in up to 38% of the general population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Its role as an embolic source, however, remains controversial, as studies have reported conflicting associations with stroke.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Thrombus formation within LASP is exceedingly rare.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an LASP thrombus detected prior to electrical cardioversion. This observation underscores the importance of careful echocardiographic assessment of the interatrial septum, in addition to the left atrial appendage, not only in patients with prior stroke but also in those with atrial arrhythmias who are being considered for rhythm control strategies.</p>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
<label>Sources of Funding</label>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
<label>Study Association</label>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
<label>Ethical Approval and Informed Consent</label>
<p>All participants gave their consent before being included in the study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
<label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
<p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
<title>Availability of Research Data</title>
<p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
</sec>
<ref-list>
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<article-title>Left Atrial Septal Pouch Thrombus: An Unusual Cause of an Embolic Stroke</article-title>
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</back>
<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250075</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Imagem</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Trombose de Bolsa Septal Atrial Esquerda Detectada Antes de Cardioversão Elétrica: Uma Fonte Rara de Embolismo</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-7116-6193</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Amon</surname><given-names>Andre Barcellos</given-names></name>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e obtenção de dados</role>
<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e redação do manuscrito</role>
<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7311-4370</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Lopes</surname><given-names>Mariana De Castro</given-names></name>
<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6409-2109</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Saadi</surname><given-names>Marina Petersen</given-names></name>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa e obtenção de dados</role>
<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8289-7357</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Menegazzo</surname><given-names>Willian R.</given-names></name>
<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2493-0547</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Santos</surname><given-names>Angela Barreto Santiago</given-names></name>
<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><label>Correspondência:</label> <bold>Andre Barcellos Amon</bold> • Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. CEP: <postal-code>90035-903</postal-code>. Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil E-mail: <email>andreamon@hotmail.com.br</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="coi-statement"><label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label> <p>Maria Otto</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana</kwd>
<kwd>Trombose</kwd>
<kwd>Septo Interatrial</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<funding-statement><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<p>Paciente do sexo masculino, 59 anos, com antecedente de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, foi admitido no pronto-socorro com histórico de dor torácica e palpitações há sete dias. Ao exame físico, encontrava-se hipotenso (93/70 mmHg) e taquicárdico (150 bpm). Apresentava na ausculta um sopro sistólico–diastólico proeminente no bordo esternal superior direito.</p>
<p>A investigação inicial incluiu Eletrocardiograma (ECG) e Ecocardiograma Transtorácico (ETT). O ECG revelou <italic>flutter</italic> atrial, e o ETT demonstrou dilatação biventricular [diâmetros diastólico/sistólico finais do Ventrículo Esquerdo (VE): 60/51 mm; diâmetro basal do Ventrículo Direito (VD): 54 mm] e disfunção sistólica grave (fração de ejeção do VE: 19%; fração de variação de área do VD: 16%). Identificou-se ainda valva aórtica bicúspide com dupla lesão: estenose aórtica de baixo fluxo e baixo gradiente (velocidade máxima: 3,1 m/s; gradientes máximo/médio: 39/23 mmHg; razão de velocidades: 0,15; área valvar: 0,7 cm<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>; índice de volume sistólico: 17 ml/m<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>) associada a regurgitação aórtica grave (tempo de meia-pressão: 170 ms; fluxo reverso holodiastólico na aorta torácica descendente com velocidade diastólica final de 24 cm/s).</p>
<p>Iniciou-se anticoagulação parenteral e foi realizado Ecocardiograma Transesofágico (ETE) antes da cardioversão programada. O ETE demonstrou septo interatrial tubular, formando uma Bolsa Septal Atrial Esquerda (LASP). No interior da LASP, visualizou-se massa homogênea e ecodensa compatível com trombo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1</xref>), não havendo trombo no Apêndice Atrial Esquerdo. Após injeção de solução salina agitada em veia periférica, não se evidenciou comunicação interatrial (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref>). Diante disso, a cardioversão foi adiada e manteve-se anticoagulação sistêmica.</p>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<title>ETE biaxial na janela esôfago-médio demonstra bolsa septal atrial esquerda (LASP) com trombo intraluminal medindo até 1,3 cm em seu maior eixo. ETE: ecocardiografia transesofágica; LASP: bolsa septal atrial esquerda.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250075-gf01-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f5">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Injeção periférica de solução salina agitada demonstra opacificação das câmaras cardíacas direitas sem evidência de comunicação interatrial.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250075-gf02-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Durante a internação, o paciente foi submetido à troca valvar aórtica cirúrgica, com implante de prótese mecânica. Optou-se por não realizar a remoção cirúrgica do trombo, mantendo-se tratamento anticoagulante. Após duas semanas de anticoagulação, o ecocardiograma transesofágico de controle demonstrou resolução completa do trombo no Apêndice Atrial Esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3</xref>). Na sequência, foi realizada cardioversão elétrica com sucesso.</p>
<fig id="f6">
<label>Figura 3</label>
<caption>
<title>ETE de seguimento após duas semanas de anticoagulação, evidenciando resolução do trombo na LASP. ETE: ecocardiografia transesofágica; LASP: bolsa septal atrial esquerda.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250075-gf03-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Este caso ressalta a relevância clínica da LASP, uma variante anatômica decorrente da fusão incompleta do septo <italic>primum</italic> e do septo <italic>secundum</italic>, que pode representar risco trombogênico — especialmente na presença de condições pró-trombóticas adicionais, como estase sanguínea associada a arritmias atriais e/ou disfunção ventricular esquerda.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A LASP pode ser encontrada em até 38% da população geral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Seu papel como fonte embólica, contudo, permanece controverso, uma vez que estudos relataram associações controversas com acidente vascular cerebral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A formação de trombo na LASP é extremamente rara.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Até onde temos conhecimento, este é o primeiro caso descrito de trombo em LASP detectado antes de cardioversão elétrica. Essa observação reforça a importância da avaliação ecocardiográfica minuciosa do septo interatrial, além do apêndice atrial esquerdo, não apenas em pacientes com histórico de acidente vascular cerebral, mas também naqueles com arritmias atriais candidatos a estratégias de controle do ritmo.</p>
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