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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250048i</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="other">00400</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Hypocalcemia and Reversible Cardiomyopathy Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-4392-3490</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Lenzi</surname>
						<given-names>Bruno</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9522-8299</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Tortajada</surname>
						<given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-3381-5182</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rabaza</surname>
						<given-names>Victoria</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3210-3824</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Cairoli</surname>
						<given-names>Ernesto</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6358-3723</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Parma</surname>
						<given-names>Gabriel</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Evangelico</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Montevidéu</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="UY">Uruguay</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital Evangelico, Montevidéu – Uruguay</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Bruno Lenzi</bold> • Hospital Evangelico. Bvar. Batlle y Ordóñez 2759. Postal Code: <postal-code>11600</postal-code>, Montevideo – Uruguay E-mail: <email>brunol22222@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p>Maria Otto</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>31</day>
				<month>12</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>38</volume>
			<issue>4</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20250048</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>07</day>
					<month>06</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>14</day>
					<month>08</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>30</day>
					<month>09</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords</title>
				<kwd>Cardiomyopathies</kwd>
				<kwd>Hypocalcemia</kwd>
				<kwd>Case Reports</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
			</funding-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="10"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="10"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Calcium is a fundamental component of biological systems and plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes. Calcium entry triggers a mechanism known as calcium-induced calcium release, in which calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is modulated by the influx of calcium from the extracellular space. Muscle contraction subsequently occurs through the interaction between calcium and the troponin-tropomyosin complex. In the heart, intracellular calcium is the primary regulator of contractile force (inotropism).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Hypocalcemia-induced cardiomyopathy is a rare condition with few reports in the scientific literature. We present a clinical case associated with hypoparathyroidism, one of the main causes of chronic hypocalcemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> This case report includes a novel element: the use of cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (cMRI), which, to our knowledge, has not been previously described in the literature.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="cases">
			<title>Case report</title>
			<p>A 74-year-old female patient with a history of thyroid cancer underwent total thyroidectomy 10 years ago, resulting in hypoparathyroidism as a consequence of the procedure. Other relevant medical history includes type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Cardiac function was evaluated eight months prior to the current consultation using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, which reported a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 55%. In the three months leading up to the consultation, the patient discontinued her pharmacological treatment with calcium, cholecalciferol, and calcitriol.</p>
			<p>The patient complained at the emergency department with exertional dyspnea, asthenia and adynamia. Bilateral edema of the lower limbs and moist rales in the lung fields. She denies history of chest pain, palpitations, infections or exposure to cardiotoxic agents. Chvostek and Trousseau signs were absent.</p>
			<p>A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>), showing sinus rhythm at 80 beats per minute, narrow QRS complexes, diffuse T wave inversions, and a prolonged isoelectric ST segment, with a corrected QT interval (QTc) of 700 ms.</p>
			<fig id="f1">
				<label>Figure 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Echocardigram showing sinus rhythm, narrow QRS complexes, diffuse inverted T waves and a QTc of 700 ms.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250048-gf01.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<p>Initial blood tests revealed a serum calcium level of 4 mg/dL (reference range: 8.5–10.2 mg/dL) and an ionized calcium level of 0.61 mmol/L (reference range: 1.1–1.3 mmol/L). NT-proBNP was elevated at 2000 pg/mL (normal &lt;300 pg/mL), while troponins were undetectable (&lt;40 ng/dL). Renal function tests, standard electrolyte panel, complete blood count, and thyroid profile were all within normal limits.</p>
			<p>Subsequently, a TTE was performed (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>), showing a left ventricle with normal dimensions, diffuse hypokinesia, a LVEF of 28% (measured by the Biplane Simpson method), and severe secondary mitral regurgitation.</p>
			<fig id="f2">
				<label>Figure 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Transthoracic echocardiogram showing diffuse hypokinesia of the left ventricle and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 28%.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250048-gf02.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<p>Intravenous and oral calcium supplementation was initiated. Intravenous furosemide was also started, along with bisoprolol (2.5 mg daily), ramipril (2.5 mg daily), and spironolactone (12.5 mg daily). Within seventy-two hours of starting treatment, the patient showed clear clinical improvement. Follow-up blood tests revealed a serum calcium level of 9.5 mg/dL and an ionized calcium level of 1.23 mmol/L. A repeat ECG showed positive T waves and a corrected QT interval (QTc) of 480 ms (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
			<fig id="f3">
				<label>Figure 3</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Echocardiogram showing positive T waves with a corrected QT interval of 480 ms.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250048-gf03.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<p>A new TTE revealed a LVEF of 35% and mild mitral insufficiency. All TTEs were performed by the same technician and using the same equipment.</p>
			<p>Three days later, a cMRI was performed (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4</xref>), showing global hypokinesia of the left ventricle with, a LVEF of 45% and mild mitral insufficiency. T1 mapping was 1061 ms and T2 mapping was 49 ms. Late gadolinium enhancement was observed at the intramyocardial level in the inferior, inferoseptal and inferolateral basal segments, consistent with a non-ischemic pattern. The late enhancement mass measured 4g representing 3.4% of the left ventricular mass.</p>
			<fig id="f4">
				<label>Figure 4</label>
				<caption>
					<title>ardiac-MRI. Panels A and B show diastole and systole, respectively, in a two-chamber projection (FFPP). Panel C displays a T2-enhanced sequence. Panels D and E show the T1 and T2 mapping, respectively. Panel F displays a late gadolinium enhancement sequence (PSIR); the arrow indicates the site of enhancement.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250048-gf04.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<p>The patient was discharged on calcium, calcitriol, and vitamin D supplementation, along with treatment for systolic dysfunction. Four weeks later, a TTE was performed, showing a LVEF of 60% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 5</xref>).</p>
			<fig id="f5">
				<label>Figure 5</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Transthoracic echocardiogram performed four weeks after discharge. Panel A shows the left ventricle in diastole, and Panel B in systole; the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated at 60%.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250048-gf05.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>The link between calcium and myocardial contractility was established more than 150 years ago by Dr. Sidney Ringer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> During the 20th century, the relationship between serum calcium levels and ventricular function was experimentally demonstrated, revealing a linear relationship between calcium levels and inotropism.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Hypocalcemia is a rare etiology of cardiomyopathy, with few reports in the literature. The only systematic review published to date includes 47 patients from case series and reports, most of them secondary to hypoparathyroidism,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> which is the main cause of chronic hypocalcemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Most case reports highlight three features that characterize this condition as a distinct subtype of cardiomyopathy: a) a limited response to standard heart failure therapy, b) an association with chronic hypoparathyroidism, and c) its reversibility upon normalization of serum calcium levels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Regarding the pathophysiology of this condition, the leading theory suggests that reduced calcium influx through L-type channels impairs the sarcoplasmic reticulum's ability to elevate intracellular calcium levels via the calcium-induced calcium release mechanism. This disruption negatively affects actin–myosin cross-bridge formation, thereby reducing cardiac inotropism.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Phase 2 of the cardiac action potential corresponds to the ST segment and T wave on the ECG. The ST segment reflects a balance between inward calcium currents and outward potassium currents. In hypocalcemia, the QTc interval is prolonged due to an extended isoelectric ST segment (plateau), which distinguishes it from other causes of QT prolongation. This phenomenon occurs because the termination of transmembrane calcium current relies on calcium flow through L-type channels via a mechanism known as calcium-mediated inactivation. Consequently, reduced calcium flow prolongs the duration of this current, leading to an extended ST segment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Our patient presented with transient systolic dysfunction, which showed rapid clinical and echocardiographic improvement following calcium administration. This supports the diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction secondary to severe hypocalcemia.</p>
			<p>Cardiac MRI represents a novel diagnostic element in this context. The T2 mapping and T2-weighted sequences showed no evidence of edema, helping to rule out differential diagnoses such as acute myocarditis. The normal T1 values suggest minimal impact on overall myocardial composition. However, the observed fibrosis pattern evokes the possibility of a harmful agent or toxin affecting the myocardium. Could hypocalcemia trigger a degree of cellular dysfunction leading to myocyte necrosis and fibrosis?</p>
			<p>Based on the rapid recovery of ventricular function following calcium replacement, as observed in this case and others, it is expected that this condition does not induce fibrosis or significant structural alterations. Instead, it likely involves a substrate of reversible myocardiopathic dysfunction linked to impaired actin–myosin interaction. In this context, the abnormalities seen on cardiac MRI may reflect an intercurrent condition such as chronic-phase myocarditis, hypertensive or diabetic cardiomyopathy, or a genetically determined cardiomyopathy, which could have amplified the myocardial depressant effects of hypocalcemia.</p>
			<p>In conclusion, this case highlights a rare clinical entity that can be suspected based on clinical history and electrocardiographic findings. It was characterized through cardiac MRI and is associated with an excellent prognosis.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
				<label>Sources of Funding</label>
				<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<label>Study Association</label>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
				<label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
				<p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Mutualista Hospital Evangélico under protocol number 110. All procedures involved in this study are in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
				<label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
				<p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
			<title>Availability of Research Data</title>
			<p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
		</sec>
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		</ref-list>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250048</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Hipocalcemia e Cardiomiopatia Reversível Avaliada por Ressonância Magnética</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-4392-3490</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Lenzi</surname>
						<given-names>Bruno</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9522-8299</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Tortajada</surname>
						<given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-3381-5182</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rabaza</surname>
						<given-names>Victoria</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3210-3824</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Cairoli</surname>
						<given-names>Ernesto</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6358-3723</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Parma</surname>
						<given-names>Gabriel</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>1</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Montevidéu</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="UY">Uruguai</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Hospital Evangelico, Montevidéu – Uruguai</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">
					<label>Correspondência:</label><bold>Bruno Lenzi</bold> • Hospital Evangélico. Bvar. Batlle y Ordóñez 2759. CEP: <postal-code>11600</postal-code>, Montevidéu – Uruguai E-mail: <email>brunol22222@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Maria Otto</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave</title>
				<kwd>Cardiomiopatias</kwd>
				<kwd>Hipocalcemia</kwd>
				<kwd>Relatos de Casos</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<funding-statement><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
			</funding-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>O cálcio é um componente fundamental dos sistemas biológicos e desempenha um papel essencial no acoplamento excitação-contração nos miócitos cardíacos. A entrada de cálcio desencadeia um mecanismo conhecido como liberação de cálcio induzida por cálcio, no qual a liberação de cálcio do retículo sarcoplasmático é modulada pelo influxo de cálcio proveniente do meio extracelular. A contração muscular ocorre subsequentemente por meio da interação entre o cálcio e o complexo troponina-tropomiosina. No coração, o cálcio intracelular é o principal regulador da força contrátil (inotropismo).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A miocardiopatia induzida por hipocalcemia é uma condição rara, com poucos relatos na literatura científica. Apresentamos um caso clínico associado ao hipoparatireoidismo, uma das principais causas de hipocalcemia crônica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Este relato de caso inclui um elemento inovador: a utilização da Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca (cMRI), que, até onde sabemos, ainda não foi descrita anteriormente na literatura.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Relato de Caso</title>
				<p>Paciente do sexo feminino, 74 anos, com histórico de câncer de tireoide submetida à tireoidectomia total há 10 anos, evoluindo com hipoparatireoidismo como consequência do procedimento. Outros antecedentes médicos relevantes incluem diabetes tipo 2 e hipertensão arterial. A função cardíaca foi avaliada oito meses antes da consulta atual por meio de Ecocardiograma Transtorácico (ETT) com Doppler, que revelou uma Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE) de 55%. Nos três meses anteriores à consulta, a paciente interrompeu o tratamento farmacológico com cálcio, colecalciferol e calcitriol.</p>
				<p>A paciente procurou o serviço de emergência com queixa de dispneia aos esforços, astenia e adinamia. Apresentava edema bilateral de membros inferiores e estertores úmidos nos campos pulmonares. Negava histórico de dor torácica, palpitações, infecções ou exposição a agentes cardiotóxicos. Os sinais de Chvostek e Trousseau estavam ausentes.</p>
				<p>Foi realizado um Eletrocardiograma (ECG) de 12 derivações (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 1</xref>), que mostrou ritmo sinusal a 80 batimentos por minuto, complexos QRS estreitos, inversões difusas da onda T e segmento ST isoelétrico prolongado, com intervalo QT corrigido (QTc) de 700 ms.</p>
				<fig id="f6">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Ecocardiograma mostrando ritmo sinusal, complexos QRS estreitos, inversões difusas da onda T e intervalo QT corrigido (QTc) de 700 ms.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250048-gf01-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>Os exames laboratoriais iniciais revelaram cálcio sérico de 4 mg/dL (valor de referência: 8,5–10,2 mg/dL) e cálcio iônico de 0,61 mmol/L (valor de referência: 1,1–1,3 mmol/L). O NT-proBNP estava elevado em 2000 pg/mL (normal &lt;300 pg/mL), enquanto as troponinas estavam indetectáveis (&lt;40 ng/dL). Os testes de função renal, o ionograma padrão, o hemograma completo e o perfil tireoidiano estavam todos dentro dos limites normais.</p>
				<p>Subsequentemente, foi realizado um ETT (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figura 2</xref>), que mostrou ventrículo esquerdo com dimensões normais, hipocinesia difusa, FEVE de 28% (método de Simpson biplano) e insuficiência mitral secundária grave.</p>
				<fig id="f7">
					<label>Figura 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Ecocardiograma transtorácico mostrando hipocinesia difusa do ventrículo esquerdo e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) de 28%.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250048-gf02-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>Foi iniciada a suplementação de cálcio por via intravenosa e oral. Também foram introduzidos furosemida intravenosa, bisoprolol (2,5 mg por dia), ramipril (2,5 mg por dia) e espironolactona (12,5 mg por dia). Em até setenta e duas horas após o início do tratamento, a paciente apresentou melhora clínica evidente. Os exames laboratoriais de controle mostraram cálcio sérico de 9,5 mg/dL e cálcio iônico de 1,23 mmol/L. Um novo ECG revelou ondas T positivas e intervalo QT corrigido (QTc) de 480 ms (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
				<fig id="f8">
					<label>Figura 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Ecocardiograma mostrando ondas T positivas com intervalo QT corrigido de 480 ms.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250048-gf03-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>Um novo ETT revelou FEVE de 35% e insuficiência mitral leve. Todos os ETTs foram realizados pelo mesmo técnico e utilizando o mesmo equipamento.</p>
				<p>Três dias depois, foi realizada uma cMRI (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f9">Figura 4</xref>), que mostrou hipocinesia global do ventrículo esquerdo, FEVE de 45% e insuficiência mitral leve. O mapeamento T1 foi de 1061 ms e o mapeamento T2 de 49 ms. Observou-se realce tardio com gadolínio em nível intramiocárdico nos segmentos basais inferior, inferosseptal e inferolateral, compatível com padrão não isquêmico. A massa de realce tardio foi de 4 g, representando 3,4% da massa ventricular esquerda.</p>
				<fig id="f9">
					<label>Figura 4</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca. Os painéis A e B mostram, respectivamente, a diástole e a sístole em uma projeção de duas câmaras (FFPP). O painel C exibe uma sequência realçada em T2. Os painéis D e E mostram os mapeamentos T1 e T2, respectivamente. O painel F exibe uma sequência de realce tardio com gadolínio (PSIR); a seta indica o local do realce.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250048-gf04-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>A paciente recebeu alta com suplementação de cálcio, calcitriol e vitamina D, além de tratamento para disfunção sistólica. Quatro semanas depois, foi realizado um ETT, que mostrou FEVE de 60% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">Figura 5</xref>).</p>
				<fig id="f10">
					<label>Figura 5</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Ecocardiograma transtorácico realizado quatro semanas após a alta; o painel A mostra o ventrículo esquerdo em diástole, e o painel B em sístole; a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo foi calculada em 60%.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-04-e20250048-gf05-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>A relação entre o cálcio e a contratilidade miocárdica foi estabelecida há mais de 150 anos pelo Dr. Sidney Ringer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Durante o século XX, a conexão entre os níveis de cálcio no sangue (calcemia) e a função ventricular foi demonstrada experimentalmente, revelando uma relação linear entre a concentração de cálcio e o inotropismo miocárdico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A hipocalcemia é uma etiologia rara de cardiomiopatia, com poucos relatos na literatura. A única revisão sistemática publicada até o momento inclui 47 pacientes provenientes de séries de casos e relatos, sendo a maioria secundária ao hipoparatireoidismo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> que é a principal causa de hipocalcemiacrônica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A maioria dos relatos de caso destaca três características que definem essa condição como um subtipo distinto de cardiomiopatia: a) resposta limitada à terapia padrão para insuficiência cardíaca, b) associação com hipoparatireoidismo crônico, e c) reversibilidade após a normalização dos níveis séricos de cálcio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Em relação à fisiopatologia dessa condição, a principal teoria sugere que a redução do influxo de cálcio através dos canais tipo L compromete a capacidade do retículo sarcoplasmático de aumentar os níveis intracelulares de cálcio por meio do mecanismo de liberação de cálcio induzida por cálcio. Essa alteração afeta negativamente a formação das pontes cruzadas entre actina e miosina, reduzindo assim o inotropismo cardíaco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A fase 2 do potencial de ação cardíaco corresponde ao segmento ST e à onda T no eletrocardiograma (ECG). O segmento ST reflete o equilíbrio entre as correntes de cálcio que entram na célula e as correntes de potássio que saem. Na hipocalcemia, o intervalo QTc é prolongado devido à extensão do segmento ST isoelétrico (platô), o que o distingue de outras causas de prolongamento do QT. Esse fenômeno ocorre porque a interrupção da corrente transmembrana de cálcio depende do fluxo de cálcio através dos canais tipo L, por meio de um mecanismo chamado inativação mediada por cálcio. Consequentemente, a redução do fluxo de cálcio prolonga a duração dessa corrente, estendendo o segmento ST.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Nossa paciente apresentou disfunção sistólica transitória, com rápida melhora clínica e ecocardiográfica após administração de cálcio. Isso sustenta o diagnóstico de disfunção miocárdica secundária à hipocalcemia grave.</p>
				<p>A cMRI representa um elemento diagnóstico inovador neste contexto. O mapeamento T2 e as sequências ponderadas em T2 não mostraram evidência de edema, ajudando a excluir diagnósticos diferenciais como miocardite aguda. Os valores normais de T1 sugerem impacto mínimo na composição miocárdica global. No entanto, o padrão de fibrose observado evoca a possibilidade da ação de algum agente nocivo ou toxina sobre o miocárdio. Será que a hipocalcemia pode desencadear um grau de disfunção celular capaz de levar à necrose de miócitos e fibrose?</p>
				<p>Com base na recuperação rápida da função ventricular após a reposição de cálcio, observada neste caso e em outros, espera-se que essa condição não induza fibrose nem alterações estruturais significativas. Em vez disso, provavelmente envolve um substrato de disfunção miocárdica reversível, associado à alteração na interação entre actina e miosina. Nesse contexto, as alterações observadas na cMRI podem refletir uma condição intercorrente, como miocardite em fase crônica, cardiopatia hipertensiva ou diabética, ou ainda uma cardiopatia de origem genética, que poderia ter potencializado o efeito depressor miocárdico da hipocalcemia.</p>
				<p>Em conclusão, este caso destaca uma entidade clínica rara que pode ser suspeitada com base na história clínica e nas alterações eletrocardiográficas. Foi caracterizada por meio da ressonância magnética cardíaca e apresenta um prognóstico excelente.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
					<label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
					<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
					<label>Vinculação Acadêmica</label>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
					<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</label>
					<p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Mutualista Hospital Evangélico sob o número de protocolo 110. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo estão de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes incluídos no estudo.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
					<label>Uso de Inteligência Artificial</label>
					<p>Os autores não utilizaram ferramentas de inteligência artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
				<title>Disponibilidade de Dados</title>
				<p>Os conteúdos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa estão contidos no manuscrito.</p>
			</sec>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>